Stable Personality Research Articles

영국 엘리자베스 2세 여왕의 성장기 교육에 대한 연구

Objectives This study is a study on the education of Queen Elizabeth II during her growth period, and explored the characteristics of the curriculum and the people who influenced her education during her growth period.
 Methods In this study, in order to explore the education conducted during Queen Elizabeth's growth period, a study was conducted based on literature studies such as books, research materials, biographies, letters, and newspaper articles.
 Results As a child, Princess Elizabeth was able to build a balanced and stable personality by forming a warm relationship with her receptive and caring parents. Before the age of seven, the princess was able to spend a relatively free childhood focused on play. From the age of seven, Elizabeth studied basic education such as grammar, composition, mathematics, and art, as well as royal genealogy, history, geography, and the Bible. At that time, the governess made efforts to escape the princess' privileged and overprotective life and experience the world outside the palace and interact with ordinary children. After becoming a successor to the throne at the age of 11, Elizabeth learned constitution, history, politics, and foreign languages from professional teachers, laying the foundation for building the knowledge and competence needed as a king. The father, the king, actively intervened in the education of his daughter's successor and directly conducted the education of succession to the throne. During World War II, the princess joined the army and trained as a truck driver, building a sense of responsibility for the nation and its people.
 Conclusions Elizabeth's growing up period education was the foundation for successfully carrying out the Queen's duties for 70 years with the support of the people.

THE BIG-FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF OBSESSION-COMPULSION AMONG A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM SUDAN

The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between the Big-Five (B-F) personality factors and obsession-compulsion. A sample of Khartoum University students was recruited (N = 547). They responded to the Arabic Big-Five Personality Inventory and the Arabic Scale of Obsession-Compulsion-Revised. Results indicated that women obtained a significantly higher mean scores than did men on agreeableness, neuroticism, and extraversion, but the size effects were small. Obsession-compulsion was significantly and positively associated with neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness (in men), neuroticism, and agreeableness (in women). Principal components analysis extracted two high-loaded components in both sexes and labeled: “Stable personality”, and “Psychological disorder”. Regression analysis indicated that the predictors of obsession-compulsion were neuroticism, openness (in men, R2 = .18), neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness (in women, R2 = .23). These results refer to the associations between the B-F and obsession compulsion, particularly neuroticism. In psychotherapy, the amelioration of neuroticism may reduce symptoms of obsession-compulsion.

Relationship between emotional instability and risk of alcohol abuse among adolescents: the moderating role of predisposition to engage in risky behaviors

There is growing evidence that alcohol abuse among adolescents is a major public health concern. Understanding the risk factors associated with adolescent alcohol misuse is crucial for the development of prevention programs. Our study aimed to examine whether general attitudes toward health risk behaviors (i.e., predisposition to engage in risky behaviors) moderate the association between emotional instability (neuroticism as a stable personality factor) and adolescent alcohol abuse. A population-based sample of 688 Romanian adolescents completed several standardized instruments, including a measure of the current risk of alcohol abuse, the Neuroticism scale from the Big Five Inventory, and a subscale (Health/Safety) from the Risk Behaviors Scale [71]. The risk of alcohol abuse was positively associated with both emotional instability (n = 673; r = 0.345; p < 0.001) and predisposition to engage in risky behaviors (n = 688; r = 0.424; p < 0.001). A positive relationship was also found between emotional instability and the predisposition to engage in risky behaviors (n = 673; r = 0.129; p = 0.001). Hierarchical linear multiple regression analysis provided support for the moderation relationship. In summary, the predisposition to engage in risky behaviors may act as an amplifying factor by increasing the risk associated with emotional instability. Some practical implications for preventive interventions are discussed.

Avoiding virtual humans in a constrained environment: Exploration of novel behavioural measures

In computer animation, the creation of believable and engaging virtual characters has been a long-lasting endeavour. While researchers investigated several aspects of character design, not many studies focused on the qualities of biological human motion itself. We approached the perception of motion from the perspective of distinct movement patterns which can be observed on people with neurotic and emotionally stable personality traits. We designed an experiment in virtual reality, using a photo-realistic metro scenario, where we studied the avoidance behaviour of participants when encountering these two types of virtual characters in a constrained environment. We also make a contribution by successfully implementing two behavioural measures in particular: a choice task, and a novel ‘turning point’ metric, which calculates the point in the trajectory when people turned to avoid the character. Our results indicate that users’ behaviour is affected by character’s motion and we propose the use of these behavioural measures to investigate other aspects of character motion in future research.

Prosecutorial Activities for Prevention of Offenses in Penitentiary System Institutions

The conceptual basis of the prosecutor’s activity on the prevention of offenses in the institutions of the penal system is accounted for the specifics of offenses committed by persons held in them; features of their personality; distinctive features of the causes and conditions for committing offenses in penal institutions; opportunities for prosecutorial supervision in the area under consideration. Timely prevention of disciplinary offenses of convicts makes it possible to effectively counter penitentiary crimes, since both of them encroach on the same object. The basis for the prevention of offenses should be the provision of a strict procedure for serving deprivation of liberty or detention. Carrying out preventive work is complicated by the following factors: high latency and difficulty in proving penitentiary crimes, features of the average profile of a penitentiary criminal, which is a mature man with a stable criminal personality type. Any illegal actions (inaction) of employees of penitentiary institutions can lead to the commission of penitentiary offenses, since all the activities of these institutions are subordinated to the goals of correcting convicts and preventing the commission of new crimes. Timely detection and elimination of violations of the law committed by employees of penitentiary institutions, as well as increasing the level of legal literacy and developing the legal awareness of persons held in penitentiary institutions, constitute the prevention of their offenses, carried out by the prosecutor’s office.

CAUSES OF ANXIETY DURING PLAY AS A FACTOR OF NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE HEALTH OF PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL CHILDREN.

The aim: Generalization of the results of research by various scientists in the context of anxiety as a stable personality trait, determining the list of causes of anxiety during play in children of preschool and school age. Materials and methods: The research was conducted within the framework of the agreement for international cooperation between Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University and University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. 400 people took part in the research from the Ukrainian side, 125 people from the Polish side, a total of 525 people. Of them: 130 (100/30) preschool children, 132 (105/27) primary school children, 130 (96/34) adolescents and 133 (99/34) young people. The methodologies "CMAS Explicit Anxiety Scale" (adapted by A. Prihozhan) and "Personal Anxiety Scale" (A. Prihozhan) were used to achieve the stated goal of the research. Results: Play as a social phenomenon has a positive impact on the health of preschool and school children. The positive impact is in identifying and resolving emotional and social issues. Negative effects on the health of preschool and school-age children have also been identified. This is the formation of anxiety as a stable personality trait. Three blocks of causes of anxiety in children of preschool and school age have been identified. The first block of reasons concerns the low level of organization of preparation for the game. The second block includes the reasons that are a consequence of the low level of the game process. Subjective experience of participation of children of preschool and school age in the game is reflected in the third block of reasons "Negative subjective result of the game". Conclusions: The article summarizes scientific data on the need to take into account during play the levels of activity of preschool and school age children, their individual psychophysiological capabilities and the existing situational and personal anxiety. Also, three blocks of causes of anxiety during the game were identified (block I - during the preparation of the game; block II - during the game; block III - getting a negative subjective result in the game).

Controlled Future as a Factor of Human Behavior Intentionality

This theoretical and empirical study verifies the hypothesis that the desire to control one’s own future is a significant behavioral factor. A controlled future is a phenomenon at the intersection of internality and emotional response. The relationship between the level of internality and emotional response was analyzed at two levels. The first level featured stable personality traits. They were identified using standard personality questionnaires, namely the Standard Personality Traits Questionnaire modified by E. G. Ksenofontov and C. Izard’s Differential Emotions Scale adapted by A. V. Leonov and M. S. Kapitsa. The second level featured situational personal traits manifested in particular situations as a general state of emotional comfort or discomfort. The authors developed a questionnaire that included six types of situations, each of which had three response options. The first option presupposed a passive (external) position, i.e., waiting for help from others. The second option described an active (internal) position. The third option was intermediate (50/50). Each behavioral option required an assessment of emotional comfort. At the level of subjective-personal traits, the general level of personal internality determined the readiness for action and overcoming difficulties, often associated with negative emotional experiences. A lower readiness for action and transformation triggered stronger negative emotions. The level of situational behavior demonstrated a similar trend: a lower control over the situation was associated with a greater emotional discomfort. However, the relationship between control and emotional comfort was not linear. The level of emotional discomfort increased following the rise in the control level.

Нейропатичний біль при анкілозивному спондиліті та особливості психопатологічного реагування

The purpose of the work was to study the features of psychopathological symptoms in ankylosing spondylitis with and without neuropathic pain. Materials and methods. We clinically examined 142 patients treated between 2019 and 2022 who were diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis according to the modified New York criteria. These patients were divided into two groups: the first group had the signs of neuropathic pain; the second group had no signs. The study of the psycho-emotional sphere was carried out using the The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, scales for assessing the level of personal and reactive anxiety by S. Spilberger, and the Mini Mental State Examination questionnaire was used to determine cognitive function. Results and discussion. It was found that the basis of psychopathological reactions in ankylosing spondylitis are mild and moderate depressive and anxiety symptoms: the average score on The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in patients without neuropathic pain was 48.1 ± 13.1 points, and in patients with neuropathic pain – 58.1 ± 4.6 points (p<0.01). 28.9% had no signs of depression, 45.1% showed signs of mild depression, and 26.0% – moderate depression. In 41.5% of patients without neuropathic pain, no signs of depression were found, in 40.4% – mild depression, in 18.1% – moderate, in patients with neuropathic pain – 4.2%, 54.2%, and 41.6%, respectively. The average value of the reactive anxiety index in the examined was 47.2 ± 12.2 points, in patients without neuropathic pain – 45.5 ± 12.7 points, in patients with neuropathic pain – 50.4 ± 10.5 points (p<0.05); personal anxiety indicator was 45.5 ± 10.1, 43.7 ± 10.6 and 49.0 ± 8.2 points, respectively (p<0.05). A low level of reactive anxiety in patients with neuropathic pain was found in 2.1%, without neuropathic pain – in 13.8% (p<0.05); medium – respectively in 31.3% versus 36.2% (p>0.05), high – respectively in 66.6% versus 50.0% (p<0.05). There were significantly more patients with low levels of personal anxiety among those who did not have neuropathic pain – 20.2% versus 6.3% (p<0.05), and with high levels – among patients with neuropathic pain: 56.2% versus 38.3% (p<0.05). The average value of the Mini Mental State Examination index in all patients was 27.46 ± 1.77 points; in patients with neuropathic pain – 26.29 ± 1.39 points, without neuropathic pain – 28.06 ± 1.64 points (p<0.01). Conclusion. Correlation analysis made it possible to establish the presence of significant correlations between expressiveness of neuropathic pain and depression and anxiety. Depressive and anxious manifestations in ankylosing spondylitis reflect psychopathological reactions to severe disease, pain and somatic discomfort, and personal anxiety as a stable personality characteristic, in ankylosing spondylitis patients primarily reflects the formation of patho-characteristic features as a result of long-term somatogenic influence. Cognitive impairment is probably mediated by depressive and anxiety symptoms and the influence of pain syndrome. The presence of a neuropathic component of the pain syndrome is a factor that aggravates the state of the psycho-emotional sphere, which justifies the feasibility of prescribing psychopharmacological therapy for ankylosing spondylitis

Measuring Psychological capital in the Slovak language: Validation of the revised Compound PsyCap Scale (CPC-12R_SK)

Objective. Although Psychological capital has encountered increasing research interest in recent years, the scale for measuring PsyCap is absent in the Slovak language. In the present pre-registered study, the authors provide the initial results of the adaptation of the Revised Compound Psychological Capital Scale to the Slovak language. Method. A cross-sectional study with N = 262 people has been conducted. CPC-12R and measures of theoretically related constructs have been used. Results. With regards to evidence for factor validity, the authors found that the default higher-order model (PsyCap as a second-order factor & four first-order dimensions – hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience) provided an acceptable fit to the data. With regards to evidence for convergent and divergent validity, the authors found that, as hypothesized, CPC-12R was related to a set of variables covering: A) a more specific work-related domain, B) more general well-being, and also C) more stable personality traits. More specifically, the scale correlated with work satisfaction, staying intentions, and three aspects of engagement (namely vigor, absorption, and dedication). Furthermore, the scale correlated with subjectively perceived stress, life satisfaction, and emotional components of habitual well-being. The scale was also related to Big-five personality domains, such as extraversion, conscientiousness, and negative emotionality, but not to the aesthetic sensitivity facet (considered as evidence for divergent validity). With regard to evidence for concurrent validity, the authors found that CPC-12R was strongly related to PCQ12 and both scales were related to other variables of interest to a similar degree. Limitations. Cross-sectional design and convenience sampling.

Thinking through situations: The mediating role of rumination in the relationship between need for cognition and aggression

Need for cognition (NFC)-a stable personality trait associated with the enjoyment of thinking-has been shown to influence myriad social situations; however, no research has tested the direct and indirect effects of NFC on aggression. We predicted that NFC would negatively correlate with aggression, which would be mediated by rumination. Participants (N = 216 US adults) completed measures assessing NFC, aggression, and rumination. In line with our hypotheses, results showed that NFC was negatively correlated with aggression, and both anger rumination and more general rumination mediated this relationship. Future research and conclusions are discussed.

Personality Type and Chronic Pain: The Relationship between Personality Profile and Chronic Low Back Pain Using Eysenck's Personality Inventory.

Personality type plays a key role in how individuals respond to a variety of stimuli; however, it is unclear if there is a significant influence on pain perception. While pain is associated with many conditions, chronic low back pain (cLBP) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating problems in modern society. Treating this condition can be a challenge and clinicians must understand all factors that can influence pain perception. The present study investigated the relationship between personality type and pain experience in patients experiencing cLBP. One hundred twenty-four participants completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), which identifies two major components of the human personality, neuroticism, and extraversion. Participants also completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The association between pain and personality was determined with a Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. A hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward's clustering method examined for subgroups of individuals based on these variables. The neuroticism score (EPI-N) was found to have a statistically significant relationship with all pain outcome measures. This suggests that people exhibiting a neurotic personality type are likely to have more fear of movement (p = 0.001), greater catastrophizing behavior (p < 0.001), higher self-reported levels of disability (p < 0.001), and higher overall reported levels of pain (p = 0.046) than those with other, more stable personality types. Three clusters were derived with varying levels of pain-related factors and personality. Personality type appears to have an influence on many of the attributes associated with cLBP and may be a useful determinate in both prognosis and interventions.

Decoding individual differences in expressing and suppressing anger from structural brain networks: A supervised machine learning approach

Anger can be broken down into different elements: a transitory state (state anger), a stable personality feature (trait anger), a tendency to express it (anger-out), or to suppress it (anger-in), and the ability to regulate it (anger control). These elements are characterized by individual differences that vary across a continuum. Among them, the abilities to express and suppress anger are of particular relevance as they determine outcomes and enable successful anger management in daily situations. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that anger suppression and expression can be decoded by patterns of grey matter of specific well-known brain networks. To this aim, a supervised machine learning technique, known as Kernel Ridge Regression, was used to predict anger expression and suppression scores of 212 healthy subjects from the grey matter concentration. Results show that individual differences in anger suppression were predicted by two grey matter patterns associated with the Default-Mode Network and the Salience Network. Additionally, individual differences in anger expression were predicted by a circuit mainly involving subcortical and fronto-temporal regions when considering whole brain grey matter features. These results expand previous findings regarding the neural bases of anger by showing that individual differences in specific anger-related components can be predicted by the grey matter features of specific networks.

Assessment of Secondary Traumatic Stress in Health Care Professionals Working in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Islamabad

Health care professionals are at a higher risk of developing secondary traumatic stress due to various factors related to the nature of their job. Objectives: To assess the level, severity &amp; factors associated with secondary traumatic stress symptoms among health care professionals working with trauma victims in tertiary care hospitals of Islamabad. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 170 healthcare professionals participated from both public and private tertiary care hospitals of Islamabad. Data were collected by using STS Scale, TIPI and demographics. Analyses was done using independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. Results: The results showed, 94(55.3%) and 71(41.7 %) little and mild to moderate level of STS in healthcare professionals respectively. Female gender was significantly associated with STS (p = 0.01) along with MBBS graduates (p = 0.02) and junior doctors (p = 0.01) showed symptoms of STS. Those who were exposed to trauma multiple times had significant association STS. Emotionally stable personality trait of the healthcare professionals had an indirect relation with the development STS symptoms (r= -0.46). Conclusions: The results emphasized hospital administration to take measures in order to reduce stress level especially among female HCWs, junior doctors and those who had multiple exposure of trauma. If necessary steps are not taken, this stress may lead to worse mental health of this target population

The Role and Place of Moral-Willed Qualities in the General System of Training of Future Military Officers

The article investigates the peculiarities of the training for military personnel in higher education institutions in Ukraine. The formation of moral and volitional qualities of future military personnel takes place both in the process of gaining professional qualifications in higher military educational institutions and military educational units of higher education institutions and during physical and tactical training.&#x0D; Study of the scientific literature shows that the term "moral-willed qualities" is studied as a relationship between the concepts of "moral qualities" and "willed qualities".&#x0D; Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the concept of "moral and volitional qualities of future military personnel" has been clarified, which we understand as stable personality characteristics that affect the ability to manage one's behaviour and activities in all situations based on compliance with moral standards.&#x0D; It has been proven that for successful professional activities, future military personnel need to develop such moral and volitional qualities as purposefulness; courage and determination; independence and resourcefulness; perseverance and tenacity; endurance and self-control; discipline and organization.

Is maternal negative affectivity related to psychosocial behavior of preterm and term-born toddlers through mother-child interaction?

IntroductionChildren born moderately to late preterm (MLP) are more prone to psychosocial difficulties than their term-born counterparts. Maternal negative affectivity (NA)–a relatively stable personality trait characterized by the tendency to experience negative thoughts, feelings and emotions–has been related to more psychosocial problems in their offspring, and to a lower quality of mother–child interactions. As MLP children seem more sensitive to their early caregiving environment, they might be more affected by maternal NA and interaction style than their term-born peers. The current study investigated whether maternal NA predicted child’s psychosocial outcomes through quality of mother–child interaction, and if these associations differed between MLP and term-born children.MethodsThe sample consisted of 108 MLP and 92 term-born children and their mothers. At 18 months corrected age, maternal NA was measured using a self-report questionnaire and mother–child interaction was observed during two structured tasks. Five subscales of mother–child interaction were assessed: negative interaction, reciprocal engagement, emotional support, maternal stimulation and mother-led interaction. At 24 months corrected age, social–emotional difficulties, internalizing, and externalizing problems were assessed using mother-report.ResultsFor MLP children, maternal NA directly, positively, predicted social–emotional difficulties (b = 0.57) and internalizing problems (b = 0.45), but no mediation effect of mother–child interaction was found. For term-born children, no direct effect but a mediation effect of mother-led interaction was found. Higher levels of maternal NA predicted less mother-led interaction which in turn predicted more problems. Birth status did not moderate any of the relationships, showing that the differences in patterns of effects found within the MLP and term-born group did not reach statistical significance.DiscussionMaternal NA was found to be a risk factor for psychosocial outcomes in toddlers, either directly for MLP children or indirectly through mother-led interaction for term-born children. These findings suggest that the process through which maternal NA affects psychosocial outcomes may be different for MLP and term-born children. However, as the examined moderation effects of birth status did not reach statistical significance, more research using larger sample sizes is needed to study mother–child interaction in greater detail.

Medical Maximizing-Minimizing Preferences and Health Beliefs Associated with Emergency Department Patients' Intentions to Take a Cardiac Stress Test after Receiving Information about Testing

Purpose: The Medical Maximizer-Minimizer Scale (MMS) has been validated to predict preferences for health-care service use on hypothetical vignettes in nonclinical cohorts. Using mixed methods, we sought to determine whether it would predict preferences for cardiac stress testing in a cohort of emergency department (ED) patients with low-risk chest pain within the context of the Health Belief Model (HBM). Design: Patients who met the definition for low-risk chest pain and who were eligible to take a cardiac stress test before being discharged from the hospital were recruited to participate. Each participant provided demographic information and completed the MMS-10 paper-and-pencil scale. They then watched a 7-min informational video on an iPad tablet that provided information about the condition of “low-risk chest pain” and the probabilities of results and outcomes following a cardiac stress test. After the video, participants answered a one-question survey on their intention-to-take (ITT) a cardiac stress test or not and were then interviewed about factors that influenced their decision-making. Interviews were interpreted using a HBM lens. Results: Sixty participants were enrolled in the study who were between the ages of 29 and 80 years with a mean age of 53 (± 10.8); 58% were women and 90% were white. The mean MMS score was 4.6 (± 0.8) and ranged from 2.6 to 6.8. Minimizers accounted for 25% (n = 15) of the cohort while maximizers accounted for 75% (n = 45). MMS scores followed a normal distribution and were found to be mildly correlated with ITT scores (r = 0.25; P = 0.051). The mean ITT scores for individuals with MMS scores in the 1st and 4th quartiles were 3.9 ± 2.2 and 5.9 ± 1.7, respectively. After watching the informational video, individuals' perceptions related to the: (1) low threat posed by the condition, (2) low utility (low benefits + significant barriers) of taking a cardiac stress test, and (3) high benefits of taking a cardiac stress test were all strongly associated with ITT scores in a directional manner. No direct connection was found between minimizer-maximizer preferences and health beliefs after watching the informational video. This may have been due to sample size and underrepresentation of minimizers in the cohort. Conclusions: MMS and health beliefs predicted preferences for cardiac stress testing in ED patients with low-risk chest pain after viewing an informational video on the topic. However, we did not find direct evidence that the relationship between MMS and decision-making is mediated through the formation of perceptions of threat and utility consistent with the HBM. More research is needed to establish this connection and understand how framing of information in the health-care space may interact with stable personality traits to influence decision-making.

State Neuroticism at Home and in Fiji: The Positive Effects of Having a Holiday to Reset Mind and Brain

Neuroticism, i.e., the disposition to experiencing feelings of emotional distress, including anxiety, depression, and anger, is often considered a relatively stable and fundamental personality characteristic (trait neuroticism). However, the level of neuroticism can also vary within individuals (state neuroticism), depending on external factors such as life events and work stress. The aim of the current study was to examine to what extent having a holiday can reduce state neuroticism. A survey was conducted among n = 213 young adults who were on holiday in Fiji (mean ± SD age of 24.5 ± 4.3, 46.9% women). In addition to demographics, they completed the neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire—revised Short Scale (EPQ-RSS). Compared to at home, a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.001) in neuroticism was reported when they were on holiday (mean ± SD of 4.5 ± 3.0 versus 2.1 ± 2.3, respectively). The effect was seen in both men and women. Women had significantly higher neuroticism ratings than men, both at home (mean ± SD of 5.4 ± 2.9 versus 3.6 ± 2.9, respectively, p &lt; 0.001) and on holiday (mean ± SD of 2.5 ± 2.4 versus 1.6 ± 2.0, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were seen between individuals with a job at home or students. The correlation between neuroticism at home and the difference rating in neuroticism (‘at home’—‘in Fiji’ assessment) was highly significant (r = 0.68, p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, having a holiday was associated with significantly reduced levels of neuroticism. Those with the highest levels of neuroticism at home benefited the most from having a holiday.

Character-Based Value Factorization For MADRL

Abstract Value factorization is a popular method for cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. In this method, agents generally have the same ability and rely only on individual value function to select actions, which is calculated from total environment reward. It ignores the impact of individual characteristics of heterogeneous agents on actions selection, which leads to the lack of pertinence during training and the increase of difficulty in learning effective policies. In order to stimulate individual awareness of heterogeneous agents and improve their learning efficiency and stability, we propose a novel value factorization method based on Personality Characteristics, PCQMIX, which assigns personality characteristics to each agent and takes them as internal rewards to train agents. As a result, PCQMIX can generate heterogeneous agents with specific personality characteristics suitable for specific scenarios. Experiments show that PCQMIX generates agents with stable personality characteristics and outperforms all baselines in multiple scenarios of the StarCraft II micromanagement task.

Socio-pedagogical aspect of preventing aggressive behavior of adolescents in an educational organization

The manifestation of aggression and aggressiveness of children is one of the most pressing problems in the life of the children's team. It requires special attention from both teachers and parents. Some forms of aggression are typical for most students. Aggression manifests itself in all age strata, not only in adolescents and adults, but also in children of primary school and preschool age. Almost all children quarrel and use physical and verbal aggression towards each other. Typically, with the assimilation of the rules and norms of behavior, these direct manifestations of child aggression give way to prosocial forms of behavior. However, in a certain category of children, aggression as a stable form of behavior not only persists, but also develops, transforming into a stable personality trait — aggressiveness. As a result, the productive potential of the child is reduced, the possibilities of full-fledged communication are narrowed, and his/her personal development is deformed. An aggressive child is a source of trouble, both for himself/herself and for others. Thus, the high practical significance of this issue determines the relevance of the study.

Theoretical substantiation of preparation of future teachers for the implementation of innovative practices of educational activity in higher educational activities

The article describes the results of a scientific study of the problem of theoretical substantiation of the problem of developing innovative practices of educational activities in universities. Monitoring the effectiveness of educational practices in universities is becoming an increasingly urgent problem. Currently, there is a need to create a bank of the best practices of educational activities. The following theories of activity, psychological theories of personality, the principle of co-existence in education, the phenomenon of readiness for activity, the theory of soft skills or flexible (or soft) skills, the theory of social relays are chosen, analyzed and substantiated as the theoretical basis of the study. As a result of the analysis of the theory of activity, we came to the conclusion that educational practices should have a purposeful and meaningful character, and the preparation of teachers for educational activities should be carried out within the framework of practice-oriented activities and modeling of educational situations. The personality structure of S.L. Rubinstein serves as a support (prototype) for determining the component composition of teachers' readiness for educational activities. Based on stable and dynamic personality characteristics identified by scientists, stable and flexible personality qualities can be identified that form the readiness of teachers for educational activities. Having analyzed the phenomenon of readiness for activity, we came to the conclusion that readiness for the implementation of educational practices presupposes activity and predisposition to it, the need for its implementation, the ability to activate the mental functions necessary for its implementation; assuming that there is a stable motivation for its implementation, as well as preadaptive abilities, the ability to project future events in educational activities. Flexible skills are a necessary element of a teacher's professional competence, ensuring the effectiveness of the implementation of educational practices. The analysis of the works devoted to the theory of social relays allowed us to conclude that they can be used as one of the effective methods of forming the value attitude of teachers to educational activities, through social relays, accumulated life experience, patterns of behavior, ideals necessary for teachers to effectively implement the practices of educational activities can be transferred. The considered psychological and pedagogical theories, concepts, works of various authors, act as a theoretical basis for the development and adaptation of educational practices at the university, are the basis for the development of a training system and a model of readiness of teachers for educational activities at the university.