Stability Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Dual nanocarrier of chlorhexidine and fluconazole: Physicochemical characterization and effects on microcosm biofilms and oral keratinocytes

ObjectivesThis study assembled and characterized a dual nanocarrier of chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluconazole (FLZ), and evaluated its antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects. MethodsCHX and FLZ were added to iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) previously coated by chitosan (CS) and characterized by physical-chemical analyses. Biofilms from human saliva supplemented with Candida species were grown (72 h) on glass discs and treated (24 h) with IONPs-CS carrying CHX (at 39, 78, or 156 µg/mL) and FLZ (at 156, 312, or 624 µg/mL) in three growing associations. IONPs and CS alone, and 156 µg/mL CHX + 624 µg/mL FLZ (CHX156-FLZ624) were tested as controls. Next, microbiological analyses were performed. The viability of human oral keratinocytes (NOKsi lineage) was also determined (MTT reduction assay). Data were submitted to ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Fisher's LSD or Tukey's tests (α=0.05). ResultsNanocarriers with spherical-like shape and diameter around 6 nm were assembled, without compromising the crystalline property and stability of IONPs. Nanocarrier at the highest concentrations was the most effective in reducing colony-forming units of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. The other carriers and CHX156-FLZ624 showed similar antibiofilm effects, and significantly reduced lactic acid production (p<0.001). Also, a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against oral keratinocytes was observed for the dual nanocarrier. IONPs-CS-CHX-FLZ and CHX-FLZ significantly reduced keratinocyte viability at CHX and FLZ concentrations ≥7.8 and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively (p<0.05). ConclusionThe nanotherapy developed outperformed the effect of the combination CHX-FLZ on microcosm biofilms, without increasing the cytotoxic effect of the antimicrobials administered. Clinical SignificanceThe dual nanocarrier is a promising topically-applied therapy for the management of oral candidiasis considering that its higher antibiofilm effects allow the use of lower concentrations of antimicrobials than those found in commercial products.

Impact of poly naphthalene sulfonate on the dispersion stability of iron oxide nanoparticles

Impact of poly naphthalene sulfonate on the dispersion stability of iron oxide nanoparticles

Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide nanoparticles using Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) extract &amp; it’s Characterisation via UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Nanotechnology has come into limelight few years back and is following the same trend by the virtue of its opportune and multifarious diligence that it shows in the field of Biomedical (Biomarker Mapping, Targeted Therapy, Detection and Diagnosis etc.) etc. Azadirachta indica aka Neem Plant is highly rich in antioxidant and phytochemical properties which ultimately fabricate it to be a good way for synthesising remarkably stable Iron Oxide nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 -NP’s). This review approaches to the procedure and characterisation via UV-Vis Spectrometer of Fe3 O4 -NP’s. The nanoparticles were chosen for research because of its more antimicrobial and antioxidant properties comparatively to the normal plant extract. At last the comparison can be made on the basis of the results which come after the synthesis using UV-Vis Spectroscopy.

Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Cytarabine-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: From In Vitro to In Vivo Evaluation of Anticancer Activity.

Innovative drug delivery systems based on iron oxide nanoparticles (INPs) has generated a lot of interest worldwide and have prime biomedical benefits in anticancer therapy. There are still issues reported regarding the stability, absorption, and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles (INPs) when administered due to its rapid surface oxidation and agglomeration with blood proteins. To solve this problem, we have synthesized trehalose-coated stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (TINPs) by a co-precipitation technique. The surface coating of INPs with trehalose helps to improve the stability, prevents protein binding, and increase absorption uptake inside the body. Developed TINPs was then loaded with anticancer drug cytarabine by chemical crosslinking encapsulation method using suitable solvent. Engineered cytarabine-loaded trehalose-coated stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (CY-TINPs) were optimized for particle size, zeta potential (-13.03 mV), and solid-state characterization such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies. The particle size of 50 nm was achieved for developed CY-TINPs. The developed CY-TINPs was further evaluated for in vitro cell line investigations which confirmed potential cytotoxic activity. Developed CY-TINPs show remarkable enhancement in in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax as 425.26 ± 2.11 and AUC0-72 as 11,546.64 ± 139.82 as compared to pure drug. Compared to traditional drug delivery, the CY-TINPs formulation can effectively delay release, improve bioavailability, and boost cytotoxic activity against tumors.

Biosynthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles from Mentha spicata and screening its combating potential against Phytophthora infestans.

Plant pathogens cause serious diseases to agricultural crops which lead to food insecurity in the world. To combat plant pathogens, various strategies have been developed including the use of agrochemicals. The overuse of these chemicals is now leading to the pesticide-resistant capability of pathogens. To overcome this problem, modern nanobiotechnology offers the production of alternative nano drugs. In this study, we used Mentha spicata for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using the green synthesis method. The synthesis of Fe2O3 NPs was confirmed through various characterizations. UV–Vis analysis detected a characteristic absorbance at the spectral range of 272 nm. The SEM micrographic analysis at various magnifications displayed circular or rod-shaped nanoparticles with a size ranging from 21 to 82 nm. The elemental EDX characterization showed intense peaks with a weight percent of 57, 34.93, and 8.07 for Fe, O, and, Cl respectively. TGA analysis showed that weight loss at 44–182, 500, and 660°C with no further modification indicates the thermal stability of iron oxide nanoparticles. FTIR spectrum of uncalined detects various bands at 3331, 1625, and 1,437 cm−1 for the hydroxyl group. After calcination two bands at 527 and 434 cm−1 were observed for Fe-O. The antimicrobial in vitro study showed maximum growth inhibition of Phytophthora infestans by the concentration of 100 μg ml−1 of Fe2O3-PE and Fe2O3 NPs. Therefore, this study resulted that bio-stable iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as alternative antimicrobial agents.

Fabrication of biogenic iron oxide and their efficiency to detect carbofuran in vegetable samples

First time we approached green way method to synthesize iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds through an environmentally friendly method. Further, as prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized and confirmed by different analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDAX) employed to determine the functional groups, crystalline structure, size, and shape of nanoparticles. A spherical with a size of 34 nm, and highly stable iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained. Further, Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been coated on the magnetic glassy carbon electrode (Fe3O4/MGCE) and applied for the electrocatalytic oxidation of carbofuran (CF) was examined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) techniques. The Fe3O4/MGCE has shown excellent catalytic activity towards CF oxidation in the concentration of 0.3 – 38.5 µM with LOD of 0.01 µM and sensitivity of 6.53 ± 0.08 µA µM−1 cm−2. Moreover, the practical applicability of the fabricated Fe3O4/MGCE has been applied for the detection of CF in different vegetable samples and the obtained results were compared with HPLC outputs.

Aspartic Acid Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Aspartic acid stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (A-IONPs) with globular shape and narrow size distribution were prepared by the co-precipitation method in aqueous medium. A quantum-mechanical approach to aspartic acid optimized structure displayed negative charged sites, relatively high dipole moment, and hydrophilicity, which recommended it for interaction with iron cations and surrounding water electrical dipoles. A-IONPs were characterized by TEM, XRD, ATR-FTIR, EDS, DSC, TG, DLS, NTA, and VSM techniques. Theoretical study carried out by applying Hartree-Fock and density functional algorithms suggested that some aspartic acid properties related to the interaction can develop with nanoparticles and water molecules. The results of experimental investigation showed that the mean value of particle physical diameters was 9.17 ± 2.2 nm according to TEM image analysis, the crystallite size was about 8.9 nm according to XRD data, while the magnetic diameter was about 8.8 nm, as was determined from VSM data interpretation with Langevin’s theory. The A-IONP suspension was characterized by zeta-potential of about −11.7 mV, while the NTA investigation revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of 153.9 nm. These results recommend the A-IONP suspension for biomedical applications.

Combination of ovalbumin-coated iron oxide nanoparticles and poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-cisplatin nanocomplex for enhanced anticancer efficacy

Enhancement of drug efficacy is essential in cancer treatment. The immune stimulator ovalbumin (Ova)-coated citric acid (AC-)-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (AC-IO-Ova NPs) and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)-based tumor targeted 4.5 generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer(4.5GDP)-cisplatin (Cis-pt) nanocomplex (NC) (4.5GDP-Cis-pt NC) were used for enhanced anticancer efficiency. The formations of 4.5GDP-Cis-pt NC, AC-IO, and AC-IO-Ova NPs were examined via FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conjugation of Cis-pt with 4.5GDP was confirmed using carbon NMR spectroscopy. The tumor-specific 4.5GDP-Cis-pt NC provided 45%and 28% cumulative cisplatin release in 72 h at pH 6.5 and 7.4, respectively. A significant immune response with high TNF-α and IL-6 cytokine secretion was confirmed for the co-incubation of AC-IO-Ova with RAW 264.7 or HaCaT cells. AC-IO-Ova NPs were biocompatible with different cell lines, even at a high concentration (200 µg mL−1). However, AC-IO-Ova NPs mixed with 4.5GDP-Cis-pt NC (Cis-pt at 15 µg mL−1) significantly increased the cytotoxicity against the cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with the increasing AC-IO-Ova NPs concentrations. The increased anticancer effects may be attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, AC-IO-Ova NPs might assist the efficiency of anticancer cells, inducing an innate immune response via M1 macrophage polarization. We provide a novel synergistic chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy to enhance the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin via a chemotherapeutic agent 4.5GDP-Cis-pt NC and induce proinflammatory cytokines stimulating innate immunity through AC-IO-Ova NPs against tumors.

Self-Assembled Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Modified APTES-ITO Electrode for Simultaneous Stripping Analysis of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Ions.

Carboxyl (−COOH)-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized through co-precipitation were used to modify an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, which was chemically functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for heavy metal detection. The effect of soaking time (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) of IONP-COOH self-assembled on an APTES-ITO electrode was studied. Cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy were applied to analyze the electrochemical properties and morphologies of IONP-COOH/APTES-ITO modified electrode. The modified electrodes were then employed for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. At 90 min of soaking time, excellent electrochemical performance and larger effective surface area (Ae) were obtained. The linear range for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions using the modified electrode was 10–100 ppb with limits of detection of 0.90 and 0.60 ppb, respectively. The interference study revealed a low interference effect from Cr(III), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), Na(I), and K(I) toward the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Finally, the IONP-COOH/APTES-ITO-modified electrode was applied to analyze seawater samples and was able to simultaneously detect Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions.

Charge-Modulated Synthesis of Highly Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation.

The surface charge of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) plays a critical role in the interactions between nanoparticles and biological components, which significantly affects their toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we synthesized three differently charged IONPs (negative, neutral, and positive) based on catechol-derived dopamine, polyethylene glycol, carboxylic acid, and amine groups, via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer-mediated polymerization (RAFT polymerization) and ligand exchange. The zeta potentials of the negative, neutral, and positive IONPs were −39, −0.6, and +32 mV, respectively, and all three IONPs showed long-term colloidal stability for three months in an aqueous solution without agglomeration. The cytotoxicity of the IONPs was studied by analyzing cell viability and morphological alteration in three human cell lines, A549, Huh-7, and SH-SY5Y. Neither IONP caused significant cellular damage in any of the three cell lines. Furthermore, the IONPs showed no acute toxicity in BALB/c mice, in hematological and histological analyses. These results indicate that our charged IONPs, having high colloidal stability and biocompatibility, are viable for bio-applications.

Erratum: "Toxicological evaluation of dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes" [Biointerphases 11, 04B302 (2016)

Erratum: "Toxicological evaluation of dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes" [Biointerphases 11, 04B302 (2016)

Chelator-Free/Chelator-Mediated Radiolabeling of Colloidally Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Imaging.

The aim of this study was to develop a bioimaging probe based on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) surface functionalized with the copolymer (p(MAA-g-EGMA)), which were radiolabeled with the positron emitter Gallium-68. The synthesis of the hybrid MIONs was realized by hydrolytic condensation of a single ferrous precursor in the presence of the copolymer. The synthesized MagP MIONs displayed an average Dh of 87 nm, suitable for passive targeting of cancerous tissues through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect after intravenous administration, while their particularly high magnetic content ascribes strong magnetic properties to the colloids. Two different approaches were explored to develop MIONs radiolabeled with 68Ga: the chelator-mediated approach, where the chelating agent NODAGA-NHS was conjugated onto the MIONs (MagP-NODAGA) to form a chelate complex with 68Ga, and the chelator-free approach, where 68Ga was directly incorporated onto the MIONs (MagP). Both groups of NPs showed highly efficient radiolabeling with 68Ga, forming constructs which were stable with time, and in the presence of PBS and human serum. Ex vivo biodistribution studies of [68Ga]Ga- MIONs showed high accumulation in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) organs and satisfactory blood retention with time. In vivo PET imaging with [68Ga]Ga-MagP MIONs was in accordance with the ex vivo biodistribution results. Finally, the MIONs showed low toxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells. These detailed studies established that [68Ga]Ga- MIONs exhibit potential for application as tracers for early cancer detection.

Stability and Transportation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Subsurface Water and Soil

Iron oxide nanoparticles are utilised in a broad range of applications (magnetic data storage, biosensing, drug delivery, treatment and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater); causing noticeable quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles to be released into the environment. In this study, aggregation and stability of iron oxide nanoparticles in water were investigated within the range of pH 3 – pH 9 at a constant concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles and humic acid. The pH of the solution was selected to be continuously monitored at pH 7 to investigate the transportation and deposition behaviour of iron oxide nanoparticles in porous media at different velocities. It was found that iron oxide nanoparticles were aggregated and settle down as settled particles at low pH (pH 3 – pH 5). Iron oxide nanoparticles were stable, mobile and transported at a high pH, which is the pH range of natural water (pH 6.5 – pH 8.5). Iron oxide nanoparticles were strongly attached to the silica sand at natural water velocity in porous media, which is 2.93 ml min-1. Overall, the presence of humic acid in aquifers and porous media, the pH range of natural water (pH 6.5 – pH 8.5) and the slow speed (2.93 ml min-1) of water are expected to be a key factor that enhances the stability and mobility of iron oxide nanoparticles in natural water and porous media.

Citric acid stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles for battery- type supercapacitor electrode

Citric acid stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles for battery- type supercapacitor electrode

Electrical discharges in ferrofluids based on mineral oil and novel gas-to-liquid oil

Ferrofluids consisting of stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles and insulating oils have emerged as a promising substitute for liquid dielectrics in electrical engineering applications. Recent enhancements of electrical insulating liquids rely on preparation of ferrofluids on emerging insulating oils available on the market. The present work reports on a comparative experimental study of insulating properties of a conventional mineral oil (MO)-based ferrofluid and a ferrofluid based on novel insulating oil produced by a gas-to-liquid (GTL) technology. The ferrofluids prepared on the two oils are subjected to rigorous experimental investigation of dielectric breakdown and partial discharges. The experiments are conducted on 4 MO-and 4 GTL-based ferrofluids with equal concentrations of magnetite nanoparticles. Measurements of partial discharges according to IEC 60270 are complemented with high frame–rate photography with positive streamer analysis. Based on the statistical analysis, it is found that MO-based ferrofluids exhibit superior breakdown performance to GTL-based ferrofluids, even though the pure GTL oil exhibits slightly higher mean breakdown voltage than the pure MO. A deeper analysis revealed a significantly greater number of partial discharges in GTL ferrofluids. The positive streamer size is lowered with increasing nanoparticle concentration only in MO-based nanofluids. Differences in the physical properties of the two oils, such as density, viscosity and permittivity, are considered in the interpretation of the different dielectric performance of the two ferrofluids. The experimental comparison leads to better understanding of the breakdown mechanism, and lay the foundations for proper selection of physical properties of a base oil for high performance insulating ferrofluids.

Improvement in the dispersion stability of iron oxide nanoparticles in highly concentrated brine solution using encapsulation with polymer-polymer crosslinked shells

In this study, the dispersion stability of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) under high salinity was investigated. In our previous study, the stable dispersion of IONPs in 5 wt% NaCl solution was achieved under neutral and basic conditions through the functionalization of IONPs using sulfonated phenolic resin (SPR). However, under acidic conditions, the SPR shell dissociated from the IONP surface, resulting in the loss of dispersion stability. To overcome this limitation, crosslinking with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was implemented. The sulfonate groups in the SPR and hydroxyl groups in PVA can form a bond by removing water and consequently a crosslinked structure is formed between SPR and PVA. The stability of the dispersion was evaluated using visual observation of sedimentation and size measurements of the sample for a week. It was found that the dispersion was highly stable in brine, containing up to 10 wt% NaCl, at pH 4. The shell/core structure of the highly crosslinked SPR-PVA was verified using EDS mapping of the S elements in the SPR-IONP sample. The change in the shell structure through the crosslink reaction was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Optimization and ecofriendly synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles as potential antioxidant

The present study involves the use of Box-Behnken design for optimization of the energy-efficient process variables, eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles of iron oxide using Coriandrum sativum L. (cilantro) leaf extract. The factors, which significantly influenced mean nanoparticle size, surface charge, and size distribution, were the volume of leaf extract, agitation speed, and temperature. The developed model using Box-Behnken design was validated by synthesizing the iron nanoparticles using optimized operational conditions i.e. 10 ml volume of leaf extract, 1500 rpm agitation speed and 30 °C temperature. This resulted in the formation of highly stable iron oxide nanoparticles with mean particle size 161.5 nm and polydispersity index 0.132 with a zeta potential of −19.5 mV. The free radical inhibitory activity of prepared iron oxide nanoparticles was found comparable to ascorbic acid. These results reveal that iron nanoparticles for a biomedical application can be prepared at ambient temperature in an eco-friendly manner.

Nanotheranostics With the Combination of Improved Targeting, Therapeutic Effects, and Molecular Imaging.

There is an increasing interest in the design of targeted carrier systems with combined therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Therapeutic modalities targeting tumors with single ligand-based targeting nanocarriers are insufficient for proficient delivery and for targeting two different surface receptors that are overexpressed in cancer cells. Here, we evaluated an activated nanoparticle delivery system comprising fucoidan/hyaluronic acid to improve therapeutic efficacy. The system comprised polyethylene glycol-gelatin-encapsulated epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide; PLGA), and stable iron oxide nanoparticles (IOs). The latter enables targeting of prostate cancers in their molecular images. We demonstrate the transfer of nanoparticles and their entry into prostate cancer cells through ligand-specific recognition. This system may prove the benefits of drug delivery that enhances the inhibition of cell growth through apoptosis induction. Moreover, the improved targeting of nanotheranostics significantly suppressed orthotopic prostate tumor growth and more accurately targeted tumors compared with systemic combination therapy. In the presence of nanoparticles with iron oxides, the hypointensity of the prostate tumor was visualized on a T2-weignted magnetic resonance image. The diagnostic ability of this system was demonstrated by accumulating fluorescent nanoparticles in the prostate tumor from the in vivo imaging system, computed tomography. It is suggested that theranostic nanoparticles combined with a molecular imaging system can be a promising cancer therapy in the future.

Fatty acid coated iron oxide nanoparticle: Effect on stability, particle size and magnetic properties

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) have been used as a magnetic base for polymeric composites. However, the magnetic properties of IONP are not fully exploited due to the difficulties to obtain a good dispersion and high stablity within the polymeric matrix. The objective of this study is to improve the stability, dispersive ability and separability of IONP by fatty acid coating. Fatty acid coated iron oxide nanoparticle (C-IONP) has been selected due to its hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity characteristics and consequently useful to be incorporated with nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) as a polymeric compound model. The facile precipitation method has been used to synthesize C-IONP with good polydispersity of iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) and high compatibility with polar and non polar medium was addressed. Iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate and ammonium hydroxide were selected as precursors to synthesize IONP at 60 °C at 1.5 h aging time and subsequently coated with series of fatty acids (oleic, capric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids). It is observed that, oleic acid C-IONP has excellent compatibility in water and NBR latex medium, with small hydrodynamic size and narrow particle size distribution. This is due the existence of double bond in oleic acid backbone chain. The magnetization saturation of oleic acid C-IONP was 54.53 emu/g hence it can be incorporated to NBR latex. This therefore demonstrated that, highly magnetic polymeric composite could be produced with good and homogeneously dispersed and stable IONP.

Fish mucus stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles: fabrication, DNA damage and bactericidal activity

A facile method to produce iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) has been introduced as a part of green approach. Here, we introduce a semi-green method to fabricate FeO NPs using Channa straitus (C. straitus). The formation of FeO NPs was optimized with mucus extract (1, 2, and 3 mL) to study the size and morphology. The results reveal that the FeO NPs produced using 2 mL mucus possess the minimum size. The morphology, size, and crystallinity of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS). Formation and the functional groups responsible for reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-Vis and FTIR analysis. The synthesized FeO NPs were examined for their size dependent antibacterial activity. The FeO stabilized with mucus exhibited zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus oralis, Bacteroides fragilis, and Proteus vulgaris. The DNA cleavage study revealed that the FeO NPs induce cell death by apoptosis. The results of the present study suggest that the iron oxide might be used for medicinal applications especially for cancer therapeutics.