Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the design of targeted carrier systems with combined therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Therapeutic modalities targeting tumors with single ligand-based targeting nanocarriers are insufficient for proficient delivery and for targeting two different surface receptors that are overexpressed in cancer cells. Here, we evaluated an activated nanoparticle delivery system comprising fucoidan/hyaluronic acid to improve therapeutic efficacy. The system comprised polyethylene glycol-gelatin-encapsulated epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide; PLGA), and stable iron oxide nanoparticles (IOs). The latter enables targeting of prostate cancers in their molecular images. We demonstrate the transfer of nanoparticles and their entry into prostate cancer cells through ligand-specific recognition. This system may prove the benefits of drug delivery that enhances the inhibition of cell growth through apoptosis induction. Moreover, the improved targeting of nanotheranostics significantly suppressed orthotopic prostate tumor growth and more accurately targeted tumors compared with systemic combination therapy. In the presence of nanoparticles with iron oxides, the hypointensity of the prostate tumor was visualized on a T2-weignted magnetic resonance image. The diagnostic ability of this system was demonstrated by accumulating fluorescent nanoparticles in the prostate tumor from the in vivo imaging system, computed tomography. It is suggested that theranostic nanoparticles combined with a molecular imaging system can be a promising cancer therapy in the future.
Highlights
Cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the generation of abnormal cells
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), rhodamine 6G (R6G), fluoresceinamine (FA), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), puromycin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and Triton X-100 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, United States)
Different concentrations of the FU/HA/PG mixture coated onto the PLGA NP solution were examined to find the optimal formulation for FU/HA/PG-coated PLGA NPs (FHP– c–PLGA NPs) preparation
Summary
Cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the generation of abnormal cells. Such cells proliferate uncontrollably, invading and destroying normal tissues (Salako et al, 2017; Gao et al, 2019; Roma-Rodrigues et al, 2019). Carriers targeting different surface receptors overexpressed in tumor tissues have been studied (Kos et al, 2015; Gamper et al, 2019). Chung et al (2020) used dendrimer-fucoidan polyionic nanocomplex targets triple-negative breast cancer overexpressing P-selectin and tumor-related vasculature The upregulation of P-selectin on tumor blood vessels has been demonstrated in a previous study (Preobrazhenskaya et al, 1997). Chung et al (2020) used dendrimer-fucoidan polyionic nanocomplex targets triple-negative breast cancer overexpressing P-selectin and tumor-related vasculature
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