Fabrication of biogenic iron oxide and their efficiency to detect carbofuran in vegetable samples

Abstract

First time we approached green way method to synthesize iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds through an environmentally friendly method. Further, as prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized and confirmed by different analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDAX) employed to determine the functional groups, crystalline structure, size, and shape of nanoparticles. A spherical with a size of 34 nm, and highly stable iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained. Further, Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been coated on the magnetic glassy carbon electrode (Fe3O4/MGCE) and applied for the electrocatalytic oxidation of carbofuran (CF) was examined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) techniques. The Fe3O4/MGCE has shown excellent catalytic activity towards CF oxidation in the concentration of 0.3 – 38.5 µM with LOD of 0.01 µM and sensitivity of 6.53 ± 0.08 µA µM−1 cm−2. Moreover, the practical applicability of the fabricated Fe3O4/MGCE has been applied for the detection of CF in different vegetable samples and the obtained results were compared with HPLC outputs.