Stability Program Research Articles

PRRSV-1 Stabilization Programs in French Farrow-to-Finish Farms: A Way to Reduce Antibiotic Usage.

Infection with the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 (PRRSV-1) has serious economic consequences for the pig industry. Swine practitioners and other agricultural advisors often describe an increase in antibiotic use when PRRSV-1 is circulating. Our objective was to assess the impact of PRRSV-1 stabilization programs on reducing antibiotic use in 19 French farrow-to-finish farms that successfully implemented such a protocol between 2007 and 2019. For each farm, we compared the global antibiotic consumption, including all physiological stages (expressed in mg/PCU and ALEA) one year before (P1) and one year after (P2) the implementation of the protocol, and the change between P1 and P2 was calculated in percentages. The data were also analyzed by level of consumption. We showed that antibiotic use decreased significantly between P1 and P2 if expressed in mg/PCU and showed a decreased tendency in terms of exposure (ALEA) after PRRSV-1 stabilization. Concerning the change from P1 to P2, depending on the level of consumption in P1, our results showed that the higher the consumption levels were in P1, the greater the antibiotic reduction in P2. This study highlights the ability of a stabilization protocol against PRRSV-1 to reduce antibiotic use, especially on farms that have high consumption rates. These hopeful results show that further investigations about the relationship between PRRSV-1 and antibiotic usage could be beneficial.

"Grasping at straws," experiences of Canadian parents using involuntary stabilization for a youth's substance use.

In Canada, involuntary stabilization programs are used to apprehend and confine youth who use drugs for the purpose of stabilization, assessment, and discharge planning. In the Canadian province of Alberta, the Protection of Children Using Drugs (PChAD) act allows parents to apply for involuntary stabilization of their children for up to 15 days. Given that research on involuntary stabilization programs is scarce, this qualitative study was designed to explore parents' experiences with PChAD and their perceptions of the program's benefits and drawbacks. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 parents who had used PChAD for their children between 2007-2018. Interviews were conducted between 2019-2020 and were analyzed inductively using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Most parents sought involuntary stabilization because they were desperate to protect their child's health and safety, or to motivate them to reduce their substance use. Many also felt lost and overwhelmed because their child was unwilling to attend voluntary treatment, and they lacked professional guidance as to how to care for their child. Consequently, many parents used involuntary stabilization because they did not know what else to do. While some parents were grateful to have their child temporarily safe, many were disappointed because involuntary stabilization had little impact on their child's substance use. Parents also felt they did not receive sufficient support in coordinating their child's care following involuntary stabilization. Parents identified several risks of involuntary stabilization, such as angering the youth and undermining trust, and exposing them to negative peer influences. It is important for policymakers and clinicians to carefully consider whether the immediate benefits of keeping youth safe are worth the potential risks. Efforts are needed to provide families with greater guidance and support, and to ensure coordinated access to a continuum of voluntary services, including treatment and harm reduction.

PARAMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF THE INVARIANT SYSTEM OF CAR COURSE STABILITY

The problem of constructing the invariant stabilizer of the ESP (Electronic Stability Program) car course stability system is considered by implementing two control principles by the electronic brake force distribution unit EBD (Electronic Brakeforce Distribution) – the principle of control by deviation and the principle of control by external disturbance. The values of the variable parameters of the stabilization algorithm are selected from the conditions for minimizing both the static and dynamic errors of the system. Two brake fluid pressure sensors are introduced into the EBD structural-functional scheme in the brake lines of the right and left sides of the car. It is proven that the pressure difference of the brake fluid, which is measured by pressure sensors, is proportional to the external disturbance acting on the car body from the side of the road surface. Therefore, in order to give the ESP system the property of invariance to external disturbances, the control signal generated by the EBD electronic unit contains current information not only about the parameters of the disturbed movement of the car, namely, about the angle of deviation of the longitudinal axis of the car relative to the given direction of movement, about the angular velocity of rotation of the body relative to its vertical axis and about lateral displacement of the center of mass of the body, but also the current information about the external disturbance acting on the car body. Recommendations for choosing the values of variable parameters of the ESP system stabilizer are given, which ensure the minimization of both static and dynamic errors of the closed system in the emergency braking mode.

Milton Friedman and Exchange Rates: History and Controversies

This article investigates how Milton Friedman's views on exchange rates in emerging nations evolved through time. Early on he supported flexible exchange rates for most less developed countries. He endorsed several forms of flexibility, including auctions and the “crawling peg.” Starting in the early 1970s, he favored a system characterized by fixed rates and no central banks. From that point on he argued that while flexible rates were the preferred option for advanced nations, they were the second-best solution for (most) developing countries. This article helps elucidate Friedman's views on the use of pegged exchange rates during stabilization programs (Chile and Israel) and on exchange rates in socialist countries (China and Yugoslavia).

Statistical modeling of ice cover impact on flow conveyance in the Nelson River West Channel

For cold regions, an ice cover reduces channel conveyance and hydroelectricity generation potential. Therefore, predicting the impact of ice cover on a river-reservoir system is of critical importance for hydro producers. Ice impact can be described using historical records, where typical conditions are characterized by a daily median ice factor (IF) curve. The daily median IF curve works well only for past years with typical climatic conditions. Moreover, the median curve would not respond to climate-induced changes in the ice cover. In this research, a novel statistical (ST) model, named ST-IF, is developed to simulate the impact of river ice on the conveyance of the Nelson River West Channel (NRWC) as a function of daily air temperature. ST-IF uses a series of statistically based functions, including regression and threshold functions to estimate different characteristics of IF, such as its initial and peak values, and its daily distribution during ice-on period. Model performance was evaluated against historical records and the daily median value of the ice cover impact. Results showed that ST-IF significantly improved the simulation of each year-specific IF curve in NRWC compared to the daily median curve. Moreover, the model was used to predict the impact of ice cover under future climate conditions using 19 climate simulations. Results showed that, due to the predicted warmer future, ice cover is expected to take longer to fully form. This leads to longer Ice Stabilization Program duration, higher program implementation cost, and potential additional downstream stakeholder impacts. In addition, earlier ice impact peak date, shorter ice impact duration, and lower ice impact magnitude leading to overall higher winter hydroelectricity generation potential for Manitoba Hydro are expected in the future. Such future alterations intensify from near to far future time periods.

International Monetary Fund Stabilization Programme and External Sector Development in Nigeria

The impact off the International Monetary Fund (IMF) stabilization programme has been a subject of great controversies. This study therefore investigated the impact of policy recommendations contained in the IMF stabilization Programme on the development of Nigeria’s external sector. In specific terms, the study examined the impact of fiscal deficit, exchange rate, foreign direct investment (FDI), degree of trade openness, interest rate and bank credit to the domestic economy on two indicators of external sector development namely; balance of payments (BOPs) and external reserves. A variety of analystical techniques including Phillips-Perron unit root test, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, error correction model (ECM) and Granger causality test was applied on annual time-series data from 1986 to 2021. The findings indicated that fiscal deficit has significant negative impact on balance of payments while exchange rate and interest rate have insignificant negative impact on BOPs. Also, degree of trade openness has significant positive impact on BOPs while FDI and bank credit to the domestic economy have insignificant positive impact on BOPs performance. Similarly, fiscal deficit, exchange rate and interest rate have insignificant negative impact on external reserves while foreign direct investment, degree of trade openness and bank credit to the domestic economy have insignificant positive impact on external reserves. In line with the IMF recommendations, the study recommended that the Nigerian government should reduce the size of its fiscal deficit; encourage the inflow of FDI and open up the economy to international trade. However, against the IMF recommendations, the study recommended that a managed free floating exchange rate policy should be adopted while the interest rate should be lowered. It is also recommended that bank credit to the private sector should be expanded.

Adaptation of family-based treatment within an inpatient medical stabilization program for children with eating disorders.

Eating disorders are serious psychiatric conditions predominantly affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. While family-based treatment (FBT) is the gold standard outpatient treatment approach for adolescents with restrictive eating disorders, there is not a universally recognized best practice within higher levels of care. There is a particular dearth of literature detailing recommended psychological and behavioral interventions in the inpatient medical setting. The present article provides an account of how FBT principles have been incorporated in Children's Hospital of Orange County at Mission's inpatient medical stabilization program for children and adolescents with restrictive eating disorders. Practical examples illustrate how key FBT tenets are successfully translated into the inpatient multidisciplinary setting. The use of FBT can encourage a unified approach among medical and psychosocial providers and serves to destigmatize patients with eating disorders and associated behaviors. The successes and challenges of FBT implementation are discussed. Though anecdotal evidence and preliminary findings support positive outcomes from the implementation of FBT within a pediatric medical stabilization program for patients, families, and staff, research is needed to understand best practices within higher levels of care. Additional research efforts will also help elucidate whether adapted FBT can become a standard of care for patients with restrictive eating disorders in inpatient settings. This article describes how a children's hospital has adopted family-based treatment (FBT) for youth who are hospitalized due to an eating disorder. FBT is the most efficacious treatment for youth with eating disorders. This article describes specific examples of how FBT can be implemented within a medical setting. This article will support a greater understanding of FBT principles and guide providers to translate FBT into higher level of care settings.

National preparedness for 988—the new mental health emergency hotline in the United States

988, a national mental health emergency hotline number, went live throughout the United States in July 2022. 988 connects callers to the 988 Crisis & Suicide Lifeline, previously known as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. The transition to the three-digit number aimed to respond to a growing national mental health crisis and to expand access to crisis care. We examined preparedness throughout the U.S. for the transition to 988. In February and March 2022, we administered a national survey of state, regional, and county behavioral health program directors. Respondents (n = 180) represented jurisdictional coverage of 120 million Americans. We found that communities throughout the U.S. appeared ill-prepared for rollout of 988. Fewer than half of respondents reported their jurisdictions were ‘somewhat’ or ‘very’ prepared for 988 in terms of financing (29%), staffing (41%), infrastructure (41%), or service coordination (47%). Counties with higher representation of Hispanic/Latinx individuals were less likely to report being prepared for 988 in terms of staffing (OR: 0.62, 95 %CI: 0.45, 0.86) and infrastructure (OR: 0.68, 95 %CI: 0.48, 0.98). In terms of existing services, sixty percent of respondents reported a shortage of crisis beds and fewer than half reported availability of short-term crisis stabilization programs in their jurisdictions. Our study highlights components of local, regional, and state behavioral health systems in the U.S. that require greater investments to support 988 and mental health crisis care.

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) AND ISLAMIC FINANCE

International Monetary fund is widely known for its financial support and stability programs toward week and unstable economies around the world. It was not until 21st century when Islamic modes of financing became an official part of IMF’s finance market after successfully generating record breaking revenues in Muslim countries like Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. The most important aspect of Islamic finance was Sukuk. In fact, it was the reason Islamic finance became a part of IMF. But the current working of IMF around the world and Islamic mode of financing don’t go side by side. The reason for this is interest based policies of IMF and increased risk factor for borrower countries. Moreover, IMF exploits week economies using funds obtained by strong countries and as a result, poor becomes poorer and rich becomes richer. It is the IMF who took out the values of the most important financial entities from Muslim countries; Oil and Gold. It can be said that as a result of IMF and its success, Muslim countries suffered the most and are still suffering. Pakistan is the living example of this suffering. The amount of debt payable by Pakistan is insane and send shivers down the spine. So it can be concluded that IMF started for a noble cause to support economies suffering from great depression and WWII but it has become a Mafia who cares only about gaining more power and hold over poor economies.

Study on the Adaptability of the Model of the Steam Turbine Speed Governing System under the Working Conditions of Deep Peak Regulation

At present, power system stability analysis model usually adopt the BPA model, which is provided by the PSD-BPA Transient Stability Program User Manual, and the model parameters are usually obtained from the measured data of 80% or more typical working conditions. With the expansion of load operating interval after retrofitting the flexibility of thermal power units, whether the model parameters can accurately simulate the response changes of the power system under the working conditions of deep peak regulation, that is, the model adaptability under the working conditions of deep peak regulation needs to be further studied. In this paper, the measured data of a 660MW subcritical unit under the working conditions of deep peak regulation was simulated and identified through the model. After the analysis of the simulation results, it was found that the model parameters under the working conditions of deep peak regulation greatly deviated compared with those under typical working conditions, so the model’s adaptability was poor.

A Study on Self-Sustained Vibrations of a Tire Operating above Peak Friction

ABSTRACT When a tire operates at a side slip level above peak friction, large vibrations in the produced forces and moments are observed. In the lateral direction, these vibrations are typically centered at frequencies close to 50 Hz and significantly affect the force that is produced by the tire. As an example, high dynamics vehicle maneuvers with an electronic stability program control system in the loop can be affected by this behavior. To accurately reproduce the tire response in these operating conditions, it is important to employ a model that can capture this phenomenon. Based on analysis of nonlinear, unstable systems and limit cycle phenomenon, a theory is presented that provides a physical background for the source of vibrations. The theory also gives insight in how the frequency and amplitude of the vibrations are influenced by the tire physical characteristics and the operating conditions. It is found that the most dominant characteristics are the shape of the steady-state force response of the tire around peak friction, the contact patch mass, the carcass damping and stiffness. Simulations with physical models of different complexity levels, as well as with the commercial Simcenter Tire MF-Tyre/MF-Swift tire software model, validate the theory and demonstrate how the vibrations can be reproduced in a simulation environment. The simulation results are compared with tire measurements in different operating conditions, validating the exposed theory and employed models.

SIMULATION OF RANDOM EXTERNAL DISTURBANCE ACTING ON THE CAR BODY IN THE URGENT BRAKING MODE

Topicality. When creating ESP (Electronic Stability Program) car stability systems, the main task is to determine the values of the varied parameters of the EBD (Electronic Brake Distribution) electronic block, which ensure the required accuracy of stabilization of the car body in urgent braking mode relative to the given direction of movement. The purpose of the article. To solve the problem of parametric synthesis of the EBD block, it is necessary to create a simulation model of external disturbances acting on the car body from the side of the road surface. Well-known simulation models are created for car movement modes on a random surface with a constant speed. At the same time, random external disturbances are stationary in nature. The urgent braking mode is characterized by an intense decrease in the current speed of the car. Results. The paper proposes a method of constructing a random function of an external disturbance acting on the car body in urgent braking mode. It is proved that this perturbation is non-stationary in nature; the forming dynamic link, the input of which is supplied with single "white noise", and the output of which is an external disturbance, is an oscillating dynamic link, the gain and time constants of which depend on the current value of the car's speed during urgent braking.

Model-Based Estimation of Vehicle Center of Gravity Height and Load

AbstractWith an increasing number of driver assistance functions and the upcoming trend of autonomous driving, knowledge of the current state and changeable parameters of the vehicle becomes more and more important. One particularly significant parameter with regard to vehicle dynamics is the center of gravity (COG) height, which mainly accounts for its roll dynamics in combination with the mass of the vehicle. Thus, a highly increased vehicle mass and COG height might lead to rollover during cornering, which underlines the need for accurate knowledge of the load of the vehicle. Based on that, an improved rollover prevention could be implemented, for instance, by enhancing the electronic stability program (ESP) of the vehicle. Therefore, the main contribution of this work is the model-based online estimation of the additional load of the vehicle, comprising its COG position and mass. This is achieved by applying a joint extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for the simultaneous state and parameter estimation. Based on a nonlinear model with roll, pitch, and vertical dynamics, an accurate and reliable estimation is possible. One major novelty of this work is the consideration of air suspension systems on top of conventional steel spring suspension systems. Therefore, a nonlinear air spring model with sufficient complexity is proposed, making it suitable for real-time applications. Further, a system theoretical observability analysis allows for an online adaptation of the Kalman Filter weights in order to account for different driving situations. The proposed estimation method is tested and validated by considering a wide range of driving situations, considering distinct loading conditions on both a test track and public roads. The estimation accuracy lies within roughly 50 kg and 1.5 cm for the vehicle mass and COG height, respectively.

Overview of Key Technologies for Torque Ripple Suppression in Four- Wheel In-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicles

Aims and Objectives: The stability control of the four-wheel hub motor-driven electric vehicle is of great significance to the safety of the driver during the driving process, and the torque fluctuation is an important factor that affects the stability control of the vehicle. Therefore, this paper reviews the key technologies and difficulties of torque ripple suppression for in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicles from two aspects: rational design of the in-wheel motor structure to suppress the torque fluctuation of the motor and the in-wheel motor torque control distribution strategy. Methods: Through the analysis of the structural characteristics of the motor, the structural optimization design of the pole slot, cogging, core shape, and magnetic pole shape is used to suppress the torque fluctuation of the motor, and the methods of previous scholars are unified and explained; From the motor control strategy, summed up the scholars in the motor torque ripple suppression method strategy; From the perspective of motor torque control allocation strategy, a series of related strategies are elaborated. The previous researchers proposed the neural network PID electronic differential speed torque comprehensive control strategies, electronic differential control algorithms based on sliding mode control, automotive electronic stability program control algorithms based on hierarchical coordinated control strategies, and other control strategies and algorithms. Results: Based on the theoretical model, the theoretical model is verified and tested through software simulation or test platform. The errors of all simulation and test results in the literature and the theoretical model are within the acceptable range. Conclusion: The theoretical model has been verified on the software simulation or test platform, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the theoretical model, thereby suppressing torque fluctuations and improving the stability of the vehicle. Finally, the development direction of the key technology of torque ripple suppression for four-wheel in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicles has been prospected.

Global experience of economy building in the post-war period

In the context of prolonged confrontation with russian aggression, the economy of Ukraine suffers from the destructive impact of war. It operates with numerous economic and socio-economic restrictions, which negatively affect the country's further development. It is noted that the vector of strategic post-war recovery should be multi-directional, incorporating the experience of European countries in post-World War II reconstruction and contemporary history, as well as the experience of Asian countries and other nations, such as Israel. Each case is unique, and its success depends on many conditions and prerequisites. This article examines the global experience of individual countries representing different regions, different periods of challenges, other conditions, and strategic orientations. Special attention is given to the experience of Balkan countries, particularly Bosnia and Herzegovina. The states, reform directions, sources of financing, and consequences of implementing various plans are analyzed. The possibilities of adapting them to the domestic experience are determined. Based on the generalization of global experience, the main strategic directions of post-war reconstruction are identified: institutional transformations through structural reforms, monitoring of fund utilization, and security measures. It is determined that Ukraine needs to develop its concept of structural economic transformation in line with current conditions and create comfortable living conditions for Ukrainian citizens, relying on international financial assistance. The banking sector must also undergo institutional changes and develop a program for working with problem assets. When developing post-war development programs, it is worth focusing on attracting new external investors, international aid and grants, and structural transformation with a focus on sectors with high added value, thereby foreseeing the transition from a raw material development model to a productive, innovative, energy-independent Ukraine. Keywords: international financial assistance, economy, stabilization programs, grants, banks, restructuring, infrastructure, loans, countries, assets.

Improving Adult and Youth Crisis Stabilization and Community Reentry Program (DOJ)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 6 p. 5-5 Grants Alerts Improving Adult and Youth Crisis Stabilization and Community Reentry Program (DOJ) First published: 14 February 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.32867Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue616 February 2023Pages 5-5 RelatedInformation

Improvement of the automatic temperature stabilisation process in the cryovacuum unit

This study concerns the issues of temperature stabilization in units used to research the properties of molecules at low and ultra-low temperatures. This research is relevant due to the need to increase the speed and accuracy of the data obtained. Using the LabView graphical programming environment tools, a control program was created for the LakeShore 325 thermocontroller which reacts when the current temperature is close to the control point temperature set by the researcher. By adding controls for the heating element power and PID controller boot times, it is possible to use them more flexibly. The method was verified for the temperature control points of 40 K, 100 K, 150 K and 200 K. A comparison of the proposed temperature stabilization program with the standard PID controller solution demonstrates the advantages of the former. The speed of reaching the control points was doubled. The digitalization of the LakeShore 325 thermocontroller makes it possible to work further on improving temperature stabilization. The resulting increase in the accuracy–time stabilization ratio makes it possible for those who conduct low-temperature experiments to improve the quality of their measurements dramatically. The introduction of a digital version of the temperature control device opens up possibilities for further automation of cryovacuum units by linking the thermal control program with other programs, for example, recording the spectra at specific temperature values.

Steady-State Risk Prediction Analysis of Power System Based on Power Digital Twinning

In essence, electric digital twinning uses artificial intelligence technology to model complex electric power systems, and is the development and supplement of electric power modeling technology. This paper intends to predict and analyze the steady-state risks of complex power systems based on the power digital twin. Firstly, power flow calculation and optimization are carried out for complex large power grid systems. Based on sparse matrix storage and node coding optimization, the power flow calculation speed is improved and the memory usage is reduced. The accuracy and timeliness of the continuous power flow calculation when obtaining the node power and voltage are improved by using the unit processing tangent prediction vector and the internal machine of the prediction vector to determine the prediction direction. Secondly, according to the optimization results of the power flow calculation, the multi-objective optimization problem of power system simulation is solved by using the advantages of neural network modeling, such as self-learning, self-adaptation, fault tolerance, and parallelism. Finally, the power flow calculation optimization and neural network analysis are applied to the integrated stability program of the United States Western Combined Power Grid (WSCC) power system’s nine-node model; this is in order to simulate the regional power grid for simulation analysis. Different risks in the power system under steady–state conditions are predicted and analyzed, the voltage drop in the transient voltage is reduced under multiple working conditions, and the relative power angle is improved, improving the overall stability of the power system.

On the Physical Stability of Leucine-Containing Spray-Dried Powders for Respiratory Drug Delivery.

Carrier-free spray-dried dispersions for pulmonary delivery, for which the demand is growing, frequently require the incorporation of dispersibility-enhancing excipients into the formulations to improve the efficacy of the dosage form. One of the most promising of such excipients, L-leucine, is expected to be approved for inhalation soon and has been studied exhaustively. However, during stability, small fibers protruding from the particles of leucine-containing powders have occasionally been observed. To clarify the origin of these fibers and assess their potential influence on the performance of the powders, three different classes of spray-dried leucine-containing formulation systems were studied over an 8-month accelerated stability program. These systems consisted of a large molecule biologic (bevacizumab) in conjunction with a glass former (trehalose), an amorphous small-molecular mass active (moxidectin), and a crystallizing active (mannitol). It was determined that the appearance of the fibers was due to the presence of small quantities of leucine in higher energy states, either because these were amorphous or present as a less stable crystalline polymorph. It was further shown that the growth of these leucine fibers caused no significant physicochemical instability in the powders. Nor, more importantly, did it decrease their aerosol performance in a dry powder inhaler or reduce the concentration of their active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Tire Slip H∞ Control for Optimal Braking Depending on Road Condition.

Tire slip control is one of the most critical topics in vehicle dynamics control, being the basis of systems such the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Traction Control System (TCS) or Electronic Stability Program (ESP). The highly nonlinear behavior of tire-road contact makes it challenging to design robust controllers able to find a dynamic stable solution in different working conditions. Furthermore, road conditions greatly affect the braking performance of vehicles, being lower on slippery roads than on roads with a high tire friction coefficient. For this reason, by knowing the value of this coefficient, it is possible to change the slip ratio tracking reference of the tires in order to obtain the optimal braking performance. In this paper, an H∞ controller is proposed to deal with the tire slip control problem and maximize the braking forces depending on the road condition. Simulations are carried out in the vehicular dynamics simulator software CarSim. The proposed controller is able to make the tire slip follow a given reference based on the friction coefficient for the different tested road conditions, resulting in a small reference error and good transient response.