Stabilization Of Black Cotton Soil Research Articles

A Review of Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Industrial Waste Materials

In the world, various types of soils are available and found. The soil may be majorly classified in two groups as cohesive soil and cohesionless soil. The classification of soil may be executed as per particle size distribution and consistency limits. The expansive soil having expansion and shrinkage properties which is major issue for geotechnical engineers. Due to swell and shrink properties, the expansive soils change their volume. The black cotton soil is good example of expansive soils. In other hand, million tons of waste material is producing by industries in a year. This is also major issue that “How to utilize industrial waste materials”. These materials are Kota stone slurry, fly ash, marble dust, brick dust, marble slurry etc. In this research paper, reviews are made on discussion and conclusions of experimental study of utilization of industrial waste material to stabilize black cotton soil (BCS). The BCS is stabilized by Kota stone slurry at 5% variation from 5% to 30%, pond ash (from Kota Thermal Power Station) at 10% variation from 10% to 50%, sugarcane bagasse ash at 2.5% variation from 2.5% to 12.5%. The Atterberg’s limit, proctor test, free swell index and CBR test were performed to study the behavior of soil. From test results, it is observed that California bearing value (CBR) is directly proportional to percentage of industrial waste materials.

A Review on Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Bio enzymes for Pavement Construction

A Review on Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Bio enzymes for Pavement Construction

Ground Improvement Techniques for Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Using Fly Ash

In India 22% of the geographical area is covered by expansive ‘Black Cotton Soil’. These soils are characterized by their highly swelling and shrinkage properties. In dry conditions these soils have high strength which is almost completely lost when they come in contact with water. These soils are having high degree of expansion which creates a lot of problems during the execution of work and after completion of it. Hence, the stabilization of such soil is prime importance. Attempts have been made to stabilize these soils by using different materials such as lime, cement, asphalt etc. Industrial wastes such as fly ash, furnace slag can also be used for this purpose. In order to improve the engineering and index properties of soil, the experiments have been conducted with industrial wastes of steel foundry called as furnace slag plus black cotton soil. The results show that 20% addition of slag to black cotton soil is the optimum proportion to improve almost all properties of soil. For 20% addition of slag, the CBR increase from 3–6%. The pavement design and cost analysis of such slag stabilized soil shows reduction in the cost of construction of pavement by 10.58% as compared to pavement construction by only black cotton soil as subgrade. Keywords: Stabilization, index properties, OMC Cite this Article Dnyaneshwar Jade, Sharif Shaikh. Ground Improvement Techniques for Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Using Fly Ash. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering . 2018; 5(1): 30–34p.

Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Marble Dust

Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Marble Dust

Stabilization of black cotton soil by using cement, lime and rice husk in flexible pavements

Expansive soil (Black cotton soil) is very weak and does not have enough stability for any type of construction work. To make the subgrade soil stable, by improving its engineering properties is very essential. In the present work, stabilization of subgrade soil by using Sand and Cement varying percentage of cement as 2%, 3%, 5% and constant percentage of sand by weight of soil, Rice Husk of 5%, 7%, 10%, and Lime is used to enhance the strength of subgrade soil. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum dose of the stabilizer, which improves the strength and bearing capacity of soil less which is suitable for pavement structure. To evaluate the strength of soil, various tests have been performed such as Sieve analysis, Liquid limit, Plastic limit, Specific gravity, Compaction (OMC, MDD) and CBR test in the laboratory. The result shows that the use of the above materials in combination increases the California Bearing Ratio values (CBR). By using the CBR value the design of pavements to carry traffic in the range of 1 to 10 msa and 10 – 150 msa is calculated as per IRC: 37 – 2001.

Lime‐Stabilized Black Cotton Soil and Brick Powder Mixture as Subbase Material

Various researchers, for the past few decades, had tried to stabilize black cotton soil using lime for improving its shrinkage and swelling characteristics. But these days, the cost of lime has increased resulting in increase in need for alternative and cost effective waste materials such as fly ash and rice husk ash. Brick powder, one among the alternative materials, is a fine powdered waste that contains higher proportions of silica and is found near brick kilns in rural areas. The objective of the study is to investigate the use of lime‐stabilized black cotton soil and brick powder mixture as subbase material in flexible pavements. Black cotton soil procured from the local area, tested for suitability as subbase material, turned out to be unsuitable as it resulted in very less CBR value. Even lime stabilization of black cotton soil under study has not showed up the required CBR value specified for the subbase material of flexible pavement by MORTH. Hence the lime‐stabilized black cotton soil is proportioned with brick powder to obtain optimum mixture that yields a better CBR value. The mixture of 20% brick powder and 80% lime‐stabilized black cotton soil under study resulted in increase in the CBR value by about 135% in comparison with lime‐stabilized black cotton soil. Thus it is promising to use the mixture of brick powder and lime‐stabilized black cotton soil as subbase material in flexible pavements.

Evaluation of Cohesive Soil Mixed With Fly Ash and Reinforced With Nylon Fibre

Black cotton soil is a expansive soil. And mostly found in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, this soil is highly unstable and it should be stabilize for carry out construction work. Materials like fly ash, rise husk, nylon fiber are used to make soil stable. Addition of such material will increase the physical, chemical and engineering properties of soil. Some of the properties which are improved are CBR value, shear strength, liquidity index, plasticity index, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and bearing capacity, etc. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fly ash in stabilization of Black cotton soil. Mainly UCS and other properties of soil were calculated. The tests were conducted on Soil-Fly Ash mixtures, by increasing the Fly Ash percentage in Black cotton soil like 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, and then the soil was tested on Soil-Fly Ash - Fibre mixture by adding the fiber in increasing order like 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%. Results were obtained for mixed proportion of 75% soil and 25% fly ash which has unconfined compressive strength of 173 KN/m2. And by adding 1% of nylon fiber in same proportion of soil – fly ash the unconfined compressive strength increased to 243.12 KN/m2. Increase in UCS value can help in reducing the thickness of earthen roads and pavements and increase the bearing capacity and shear strength of soil. With analysis of results it was found that the fly ash along with nylon fiber has good potential to be used as an additive for improving engineering properties of expansive soil.

Stabilization of black cotton soil with lime and iron ore tailings admixture

Abstract A laboratory study on the stabilization of black cotton soil (BCS) with up to 8% lime admixed with up to 10% iron ore tailing (IOT) by dry weight of soil compacted with British Standard light, BSL energy (relative compaction – 100%) was carried out to establish the soil improving potential of the lime – IOT blend. Tests carried out include index, compaction, strength and durability. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), CBR (soaked and unsoaked condition) and resistance to loss in strength of specimen yielded peak values at 8% lime/8% IOT treatment. Microanalysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that crystalline hydration products present in the optimally treated black cotton soil majorly contributed to the gain in strength. The batch equilibrium test results on the leaching potential of iron (Fe2+) from the BCS–lime–IOT mixture into the environment show that the desorbed value 0.272 mg/l of iron (Fe2+) concentration for 8% lime/8% IOT content falls within the permissible value of not more than 0.3 mg/l iron (Fe2+) concentration for drinking water recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS). Based on strength criterion, an optimal 8% lime/8% IOT is recommended for treatment of black cotton soil for use as sub base material in the construction of low volume roads. The benefits of the application include reduction in the environmental impact of the disposal of iron ore tailings.

A Review on Study on Effect of Various Admixtures on Geotechnical Properties of Expansive Soils

Objectives: Waste materials can be used as geotechnical admixtures to improve geotechnical properties of black cotton soils as well as curb environmental degradation. Methods: The aim of this paper is to provide a clear understanding of the effect of geotechnical admixtures on the properties of expansive soils through selective reference to some of the literature. Experimental observations such as maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength are reviewed. A comparative study is based on the proposed optimum combinations of admixtures and the geotechnical properties of expansive soil. Findings: Addition of geotechnical admixtures alters the physical and compaction characteristics of cohesive soils. Through thorough comparative studies of the existing researches it can be inferred that the combinations of admixtures and expansive soil improve the CBR value, UCS and decrease swelling index of soft soils to an acceptable range and aid in achieving economic design of pavement. Applications: • Stabilization of black cotton soil. • Optimum use of admixtures to enhance the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. • Construction of pavements over black cotton soil. • Slope stability of embankment construction over black cotton soil.

“STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL USING ADMIXTURES”

Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil (BC soil) is studied by using Lime and Fly ash. BC soils are highly clayey soils (Montmorillonite clay mineral). The moisture changes in BC soils, compressibility and plasticity nature can be greatly improved with the addition of Lime and Fly ash. This paper includes the evaluation of soil properties like Optimum moisture content, dry density, and strength parameter (California Bearing ratio value). Different quantities of Lime and Fly ash (% by weight) are added to the BC soil and the experiments conducted on these soil mixes. The result shows that the use of Lime and Fly ash increases the California Bearing Ratio values i.e. the strength of soil to a great extent.

Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Glass and Plastic Granules

Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Glass and Plastic Granules

Lime Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Bagasse Ash as Admixture

Laboratory studies to investigate the effect of Bagasse Ash (BA) admixture on the engineering properties of lime treated black cotton soil was carried out. Black cotton soil is classified as A-7-6 or CH respectively. Bagasse ash is obtained from burning the fibrous residue from the extraction of sugar juice from sugarcane. The results obtained show that the moisture density relationship follows a trend of increasing optimum moisture content (OMC)/decreasing maximum dry density (MDD) at the Standard Proctor compaction energy. California bearing ratio (CBR) values obtained are lower than the 80% CBR criterion for untreated base course materials. The peak CBR value obtained was 31% at 8 %lime/ 4%BA. This value meets the recommended criteria for subgrade materials. The Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) at 7 days is lower than the 1034.25kN/m2 evaluation criterion for adequate lime stabilization. On the basis of the soaked CBR and durability values, it is recommended that black cotton soil can be stabilized for road construction using a 8 % lime/ 4 % BA blend of admixture at standard proctor compaction. However, due to the relative high cost of lime and large quantity that shall be required to achieve stabilization, further study and consideration should therefore be given to the use another additive such as cement to augment and lower the percentage of lime and thus the cost of stabilization.

Physico-chemical changes in the lime stabilization of black cotton soil (India)

The paper describes the physical and chemical changes involved in the process of stabilization of Indian black cotton soils with lime. Mechanical analyses of clay-lime stabilized mixtures indicate that with small concentrations of lime, clay particles (less than 0.002 mm) only reacted to aggregate into particles of a larger size (0.02–0.05 mm). With the addition of more lime, the particles previously aggregated react further to form particles of a size larger than 0.075 mm. Some preliminary work on the chemistry of lime stabilization of black cotton soil indicates that the aggregation of clay particles with calcium hydroxide is very intimately connected with the hydroxyl groups. Similar behavior is observed for other alkaline earth metals falling under group IIA of the periodic classification.