Stability Of Quantum Dots Research Articles

Stability study of low-cost carbon quantum dots nanofluids with saline water and their application investigation for the performance improvement of solar still

The poor stability of carbon nanofluids limits their application in solar desalination process, especially when nanoparticles need to contact with saline water directly. Herein, this study proposes a mild manufacturing route to prepare the highly stable carbon quantum dots (CQDs) nanofluids by microwave method coupling a simple dilution. The systematic stability evaluation was conducted and the results showed almost all of CQDs nanofluids could keep stable in saline water with a wide NaCl concentration range (from 0 to 50 g/L), different co-existing salt ions and organic matters. The high thermal stability of CQDs nanofluids also were proved and the variation of Turbiscan stability index (TSI) value was below 0.24 after five heating cycles. The optical properties were evaluated and nearly 100 % incoming solar energy was captured by 10 vol% CQDs nanofluids. The above results indicate the application potential of CQDs nanofluids in solar desalination process. Moreover, the performance of solar still with CQDs nanofluids was compared with the conventional solar still. The results show that the cumulative water productions are 521 mL in the conventional solar still and 823 mL in the solar still with CQDs nanofluids of an enhancement in the water productivity of 57.9 %. The average energy efficiency of solar still with or without CQDs nanofluids are 34.23 % and 21.52 %, respectively. In addition, the economic analysis was conducted and the results show water production cost is 0.013–0.015 $/L for solar still with CQDs nanofluids.

Charge Transport Layer Engineering toward Efficient and Stable Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells.

Lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cell, as a new type of solution-processed photovoltaic technology, have always attracted great interest. Early studies mainly focused on the surface passivation of CQDs and optimization of device structures. Recently, researchers further developed new charge transport layers and interfacial passivation strategies based on these foundations, which have significantly improved the device efficiency and stability. In this perspective, we summarize the important research progress in transport layer materials, structures, and interfacial passivation of CQD solar cells. We also discuss the remaining challenges and potential development directions for charge transport layers for high-performance and stable PbS CQD solar cells. We hope to draw attention to the enormous potential of charge transport layers in promoting CQD-based optoelectronics toward practical applications.

Highly Stable CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Enabled by Single SiO2 Coating toward Down-Conversion Light-Emitting Diodes

All-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have sparked widespread research due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and facile synthesis. However, attaining highly stable CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) against heat and polar solvents still remains a challenge and hinders any further practical application. Here, by exploiting (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as the sole silica (SiO2) precursor, we report a one-step in situ synthesis of single SiO2-coated CsPbI3 (SiO2-CsPbI3) PeQDs, namely that one SiO2 particle only contains one CsPbI3 PeQD particle. The obtained SiO2-CsPbI3 PeQDs are cubic in shape, have a more uniform size distribution, and possess narrow emission, with near unit photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 97.5%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the formation of SiO2 through the hydrolysis of APTES on the CsPbI3 PeQDs surface. Furthermore, they have a significantly improved stability against storage, heat, and ethanol. By combining purple-emission GaN light-emitting diodes, the SiO2-CsPbI3 PeQDs were successfully employed as down-conversion emitters and exhibited considerable enhanced luminous performance and excellent stability, demonstrating their promising future in the practical application of solid-state lighting fields.

Improving the data rate for long distance visible light communication using h-BN/CdZnSeS@ZnSeS quantum dot composite.

Quantum dots (QDs) are exploited in visible light communication (VLC) due to their unique optical properties. However, it is still a challenge to conquer heating generation and photobleaching under prolonged illumination. In this paper, we proposed to utilize hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoplates to improve the thermal stability and photo stability of QDs and long-distance VLC data rate. After heating to 373 K and cooling to the initial temperature, photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity recovers to 62% of the original intensity and after 33 hours of illumination, PL emission intensity still maintains 80% of the initial intensity, while that of the bare QDs is only 34% and 53%, respectively. The QDs/h-BN composites perform a maximum achievable data rate of 98 Mbit/s by applying on-off keying (OOK) modulation, while the bare QDs are only 78 Mbps. In the process of extending the transmission distance from 0.3 m to 5 m, the QDs/h-BN composites exhibit superior luminosity corresponding to higher transmission data rates than bare QDs. Particularly, when the transmission distance reaches 5 m, the QDs/h-BN composites still show a clear eye diagram at a transmission rate of 50 Mbps while the eye diagram of bare QDs is indistinguishable at 25 Mbps. During 50 hours of continuous illumination, the QDs/h-BN composites keep a relatively stable bit error rate (BER) at 80 Mbps while that of QDs continuously increase, and the -3 dB bandwidth of QDs/h-BN composites keep around10 MHz while the bare QDs decrease from 12.6 MHz to 8.5 MHz. After illumination, the QDs/h-BN composites still indicate a clear eye diagram at a data rate of 50 Mbps while that of pure QDs is indistinguishable. Our results provide a feasible solution for realizing an enhanced transmission performance of QDs in longer-distance VLC.

Surface Vertical Multi-Emission Laser with Distributed Bragg Reflector Feedback from CsPbI3 Quantum Dots.

Quantum dots (QDs) laser has become an important way to solve micro-application problems in many fields. However, single wavelength distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) has many limitations in practical applications, such as signal transmission. How to realize multiwavelength DBR lasing output simply is a challenge. To achieve a stable multi-wavelength quantum dots laser in the near-infrared region, the perovskite CsPbI3 QDs laser with DBR structure is developed in this paper. A tetragonal crystal structure with complete bonding information and no defect is explained by X-ray diffractions (XRD) and Raman spectrum. The cross-section morphology of the DBR laser and the surface morphology of QDs is measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. An elliptical light propagation field and a double wavelength laser radiation are obtained from the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. The output of the three wavelength lasers at 770 nm, 823 nm, and 873 nm is measured. The emission time of a DBR laser is about 2 h, and the average fluorescence quantum yield is 60%. The cavity length selection and energy level model are put in place to clearly see the working mechanism. All the results suggest that an effective and stable CsPbI3 quantum dots DBR laser is realized.

Defect-passivated metal halide perovskite quantum dots stabilized into biodegradable porous polydopamine nanoparticles for photothermal/chemodynamic/gas therapy of cancer

Herein, we reported a one-pot synthesis of CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) passivated with diammonium sulfide (NH4)2S additive using the probe-sonication technique. (NH4)2S-treated CsPbBr3 (NS-CsPbBr3) QDs exhibited superior optical properties compared to untreated QDs. The aqueous stability of NS-CsPbBr3 QDs was improved by physical loading into porous manganese (Mn)-enriched polydopamine nanoparticles (mPDA NPs) via physical adsorption strategy, followed by functionalization with folic acid (FA), resulting in multifunctional nanospheres (denoted as NCPB@mPDA/FA NSs). The Mn2+ and S2- ions in the NCPB@mPDA/FA NSs generated cytotoxic •OH radicals for chemodynamic treatment (CDT) and H2S gas for gas therapy (GT) under acidic conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the intracellular antioxidant glutathione was significantly blocked using NCPB@mPDA/FA for enhanced CDT efficiency. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, the green-emitting NCPB@mPDA/FA NSs demonstrated not only outstanding photothermal therapy (Ƞ=41.5%) due to considerable absorption in the near-infrared range but also stimulated the release of Mn2+ and S2- ions for photothermal-triggered CDT and GT of cancer. The cancer cells effectively internalized NCPB@mPDA/FA through CD44 folate receptors, leading to a bright cellular image. Additionally, when combined with laser and H2O2, NCPB@mPDA/FA exhibited significant effectiveness against HeLa and 4T1 cells. Upon intravenous administration, NCPB@mPDA/FA exhibited notable tumor accumulation, resulting in enhanced tumor suppression in vivo, attributed to the improved hyperthermia-induced CDT and GT. The in vivo tumor inhibition potential of perovskite QD-based materials was demonstrated for the first time, indicating their therapeutic capabilities.

Bioinspired, Non-Enzymatic, Aqueous Synthesis of Size-Tunable CdS Quantum Dots for Sustainable Optoelectronic Applications.

The enzymatic production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cysteine in various metabolic processes has been exploited as an intrinsically "green" and sustainable mode for the aqueous biomineralization of functional metal sulfide quantum dots (QDs). Yet, the reliance on proteinaceous enzymes tends to limit the efficacy of the synthesis to physiological temperature and pH, with implications for QD functionality, stability, and tunability (i.e., particle size and composition). Inspired by a secondary non-enzymatic biochemical cycle that is responsible for basal H2S production in mammalian systems, we establish how iron(III)- and vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate, PLP)-catalyzed decomposition of cysteine can be harnessed for the aqueous synthesis of size-tunable QDs, demonstrated here for CdS, within an expanded temperature, pH, and compositional space. Rates of H2S production by this non-enzymatic biochemical process are sufficient for the nucleation and growth of CdS QDs within buffered solutions of cadmium acetate. Ultimately, the simplicity, demonstrated robustness, and tunability of the previously unexploited H2S-producing biochemical cycle help establish its promise as a versatile platform for the benign, sustainable synthesis of an even wider range of functional metal sulfide nanomaterials for optoelectronic applications.

High-Radiance Shortwave Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Highly Stable PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots

PbS quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) emitting around 1550 nm promise important applications in optical communications. However, due to insufficient suppression of surface traps for large-size PbS quantum dots (QDs), their performance under large driving current density was not satisfactory. In this work, octanethiol surfactant was added into a PbS QD solution and adsorbed onto the dot surface. As a result, the surface traps and the continuous oxidation of the unprotected (100) facets in PbS QDs were greatly suppressed. Therefore, the PbS QDs with octanethiol doubled their photoluminescence efficiency and showed outstanding stability. The PbS-based QLEDs with benchmark device structure showed a breakthrough high radiance of 18.3 W sr-1 m-2 with >2000 mA/cm2 driving current density. The efficient passivation of surface traps with octanethiol surfactant and the suppressed coupling between excitons and surface states under large working current were the main reasons for achieving the breakthrough high radiance.

Self-Organized Germanium Quantum Dots/Si3N4 Enabling Monolithic Integration of Top Si3N4-Waveguided Microdisk Light Emitters and p-i-n Photodetectors for On-Chip Sensing

Using a coordinated combination of lithographic patterning and self-assembled growth, Ge spherical quantum dots (QDs) were controllably generated within host layers of Si3N4 as active medium for Si photonics. A significant fabrication advantage of our approach is the high-temperature thermal stability of Ge QDs that are formed by thermal oxidation of poly-SiGe lithographically patterned structures at 800 °C–900 °C, offering flexibility in the waveguide (WG)-material choices, co- design, and integration of Ge photonic devices. Our Ge QDs enable monolithic integration of microdisk light emitters and p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) with top-Si3N4 WG-coupled structures using standard Si processing. Low dark current of 0.3 mA/cm2 at 300 K and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.2\,\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /cm2 at 77 K in combination with 3-dB frequency of 12 GHz for Ge-QD PDs and low threshold power of 0.6 kW/cm2 for optically pumped Ge QD/SiN microdisks light emission evidence the high degree of crystallinity of our Ge QDs being an effective building block for 3-D SiN photonic integrated circuits.

Colloidal Ternary Telluride Quantum Dots for Tunable Phase Change Optics in the Visible and Near-Infrared.

A structural change between amorphous and crystalline phase provides a basis for reliable and modular photonic and electronic devices, such as nonvolatile memory, beam steerers, solid-state reflective displays, or mid-IR antennas. In this paper, we leverage the benefits of liquid-based synthesis to access phase-change memory tellurides in the form of colloidally stable quantum dots. We report a library of ternary MxGe1-xTe colloids (where M is Sn, Bi, Pb, In, Co, Ag) and then showcase the phase, composition, and size tunability for Sn-Ge-Te quantum dots. Full chemical control of Sn-Ge-Te quantum dots permits a systematic study of structural and optical properties of this phase-change nanomaterial. Specifically, we report composition-dependent crystallization temperature for Sn-Ge-Te quantum dots, which is notably higher compared to bulk thin films. This gives the synergistic benefit of tailoring dopant and material dimension to combine the superior aging properties and ultrafast crystallization kinetics of bulk Sn-Ge-Te, while improving memory data retention due to nanoscale size effects. Furthermore, we discover a large reflectivity contrast between amorphous and crystalline Sn-Ge-Te thin films, exceeding 0.7 in the near-IR spectrum region. We utilize these excellent phase-change optical properties of Sn-Ge-Te quantum dots along with liquid-based processability for nonvolatile multicolor images and electro-optical phase-change devices. Our colloidal approach for phase-change applications offers higher customizability of materials, simpler fabrication, and further miniaturization to the sub-10 nm phase-change devices.

Effective growth strategy of colloidal quantum dots with low defects and high brightness

Quantum dots (QDs) with an alloy shell (CdSe@ZnS/ZnS) are one of the most promising emitters for optoelectronic devices for their superior properties such as narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), high color purity and tunable wavelength. However, the presence of lattice stresses during the internal growth of quantum dots can cause severe exciton bursts. Optimizing the ramp-up process during the core growth of quantum dots and rising the temperature when cladding with ZnS shells is an effective strategy for obtaining high-quality quantum dots. Besides, the stability of quantum dots is further modified by using 1-Octanethiol (OT) as ligands. Detailed analyses of the morphology, colloidal stability, and luminescence performance of QDs were represented. Finally, green CdSe@ZnS/ZnS QLEDs with prolonged carrier lifetimes and less defect state densities achieved peak luminescence at 361850 cd/m2 with a current efficiency (CE) of 33 cd/A. This work provides a better understanding of the relationship between defect state density and the performance of quantum dots for designing and fabricating high-performance light-emitting diodes.

Highly stable and uniform colloidal silver quantum dots stabilized with (N,S,O) donor ligand: Selective sensing of Hg(II)/Cu(II) and I− ions and reduction of nitro-aromatics in water

The present paper showed the role of ligand inthe effective stabilization of colloidal silver-quantum dots (Ag-QDs) and their applications for the colorimetric detection of metal ions/anions. Furthermore, the Ag-QDs have been explored to reduce nitroaromatics, industrial waste and pollutants. The donor atoms such as (N,S,O) present on ligands have been found to stabilize the Ag-QDs in the colloidal state effectively, and the pendant alkyl chain governs their uniform dispersion. The QDs (size ∼ 5 nm) are highly stable and can be kept in the colloidal state without aggregation for months under ambient conditions. The Ag-QDs showed naked-eye colorimetric sensing of Hg(II)/Cu(II) and I− ions selectively over other ions at very low concentrations. The colorimetric change has been attributed due to cation and anion-mediated aggregation of QDs. Furthermore, these QDs have also been found effective for reducing various nitroaromatics into valuable amines in a very short time and showed first-order kinetics with the calculated rate of 0.1352 min−1. The Hammett plot suggests that the reaction rate depends on the groups present at the para-position to the nitro group with a negative slope of − 1.291 which indicates that the reaction is proceedingviathe formation of a cationic intermediate. The results described in this paper will be the pioneer in the field of designing of new ligands for the effective stabilization of metal nanoparticles in the colloidal state without altering their activity.

Highly stable water-soluble ZnSe:Cu quantum dots coated with doubly ZnS shell

Doped ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) have become a potential substitute for Cd-based QDs. In this paper, center-doped monodisperse Cu-doped ZnSe (ZnSe:Cu) QDs are synthesized as the first step in aqueous solution by co-nucleation doping method, and then the double-layered ZnS shell is grown by successive growth. The prepared ZnSe:Cu/ZnS/ZnS QDs have high photoluminescence(PL) intensity and excellent stability in the blue region. The crystal structure has not been changed and the PL intensity maintains 95% after 365 days stored in the air. The outstanding performance of the prepared QDs benefit from the ZnS shell grown outside the core of ZnSe:Cu, especially the second layer of the ZnS shell can effectively limit excitons and Cu in the ZnSe core and isolate O2. The strategy in our work paves a new path to elevate the stability of QDs.

Machine Learning System To Monitor Hg2+ and Sulfide Using a Polychromatic Fluorescence-Colorimetric Paper Sensor.

An optical monitoring device combining a smartphone with a polychromatic ratiometric fluorescence-colorimetric paper sensor was developed to detect Hg2+ and S2- in water and seafood. This monitoring included the detection of food deterioration and was made possible by processing the sensing data with a machine learning algorithm. The polychromatic fluorescence sensor was composed of blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CDs) (BU-CDs) and green and red fluorescent CdZnTe quantum dots (QDs) (named GN-QDs and RD-QDs, respectively). The experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) prove that the incorporation of Zn can improve the stability and quantum yield of CdZnTe QDs. According to the dynamic and static quenching mechanisms, GN-QDs and RD-QDs were quenched by Hg2+ and sulfide, respectively, but BU-CDs were not sensitive to them. The system colors change from green to red to blue as the concentration of the two detectors rises, and the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.002 and 1.488 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, the probe was combined with the hydrogel to construct a visual sensing intelligent test strip, which realized the monitoring of food freshness. In addition, a smartphone device assisted by multiple machine learning methods was used to text Hg2+ and sulfide in real samples. It can be concluded that the fabulous stability, sensitivity, and practicality exhibited by this sensing mechanism give it unlimited potential for assessing the contents of toxic and hazardous substances Hg2+ and sulfide.

Revealing Atomic‐Level Surface Passivation of PbI2‐Reconditioned Red Perovskite Quantum Dots

AbstractCsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for high‐efficiency and low‐cost red fluorophores in advanced display and light‐sensing applications. However, structural and spectral stabilities of CsPbI3 QDs by traditional preparation are seriously broken in water or light environment. Here, a compositional engineering strategy with an additional PbI2‐recondition process to synthesize highly‐stable CsPbBr1.2I1.8 @ SiO2 QDs is demonstrated. Time‐ and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence and Raman measurements prove that spectral stability and exciton binding energy of QDs are greatly improved within this strategy. Notably, high‐resolution structure characterizations, point‐to‐point diffraction patterns and line‐scanning of element distributions provide strong and direct evidence at atomic‐level to reveal that PbI2‐recondition can repair defects well, which helps to construct perfect lattices and homogeneous SiO2 passivation layers to prevent the surface bonding of molecules. Moreover, our red perovskite QDs are further designed to prepare various anti‐counterfeiting labels as multi‐scale complex patterns to store and protect information. The proposed recondition strategy explores a new avenue to prepare stable and high‐quality red perovskite QDs for new‐generation lighting and light‐sensing devices.

Highly stable quantum dot light-emitting diodes with improved interface contacting via violet irradiation

The relatively low stability of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) caused by unbalanced carrier injection has not been completely solved. Among various influencing factors, interface contacting is one of the important factors affecting the carrier injection equilibrium. Herein, we proposed a method to improve the carrier injection equilibrium for QLEDs. We investigated and explored the effects of violet irradiation on the efficiency and operating stability of MoO3-based inverted QLEDs. Specifically, violet irradiation on the interface of MoO3/Mg:Ag is carefully analysed. Further research shows that the interfacial reaction between Mg:Ag anode and MoO3 hole injection layer accounts for such improvement. During violet irradiation, the Mg:Ag quickly reacts with the oxygen from MoO3, leading to the formation of Mo-O-Mg:Ag interlayer. The hole injection is effectively enhanced, resulting from the reduction of the electrons extraction barrier at MoO3/Mg:Ag interface and the improvement of the interface contacting. By optimizing the violet irradiation dosage and violet wavelength, the maximum current efficiency (CE) is increased from 20.2 cd/A to 31.1 cd/A. Moreover, devices exhibit a highly stable operation lifetime of 44161 h (T95@1000 nits), which is much longer than non-violet irradiation QLEDs and meet the stringent industrial requirements for display applications.

Stable Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Employing TiO2 Nanoparticles as a Mixed Emission Layer

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have attractive optical and electrical characteristics for various applications in the display industry. They have superb properties including color tunability, which is achieved by controlling the particle size and solution processes used for quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Here we demonstrate high efficiency QLEDs that consist of a mixed layer of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and QDs. ZnO is the key material responsible for the promising results of the electroluminescence devices, which exhibited well-matched energy levels and robustness. In this report, Li-doped TiO2 NPs were synthesized under ambient conditions as an alternative electron transport layer (ETL) for QLEDs. A stable mixture of TiO2 NPs and QDs was prepared in chlorobenzene and then applied to QLEDs without a conventional ETL. QLEDs with such a simplified structure produce a maximum luminance of 123,311 cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; with a current efficiency of 40.5 cd/A. These results are comparable to those of conventional QLEDs. Additionally, the predicted T50 at 100 cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; was 1,420 h, based on the T50 at 1,600 cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. These clearly indicate not only the promising results of the TiO2 NPs as an inorganic ETL, but also the remarkable performance of the simplified device with less layers. The reduction in fabrication steps using this solution-based process is also advantageous for next-generation display technology.

Stability and spectroscopic analysis of CsPbBr3 quantum dots modified with 2-n-octyl-1-dodecanol.

Due to their excellent optical and electrical properties, all-inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) have become one of the most promising materials in the field of optoelectronics during recent years. However, the stability of CsPbBr3 QDs limits their practical application and further development to a certain extent. In order to improve their stability, CsPbBr3 QDs were modified with 2-n-octyl-1-dodecanol for the first time in this paper. The 2-n-octyl-1-dodecanol-modified CsPbBr3 QDs were prepared by the ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method at room temperature in an air environment. Then the stability of the samples was tested at different temperatures and humidity. When the humidity was 80%, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of both unmodified and modified CsPbBr3 QDs increased to different degrees because the appropriate amount of water changed the crystallization environment. The PL intensity of the modified QDs increased, and the peak positions were basically not shifted, proving that they did not agglomerate. Thermal stability test results showed that the PL intensity of the 2-n-octyl-1-dodecanol-modified QDs could still maintain 65% of the original intensity at 90 °C, which is 4.6 times that of the unmodified CsPbBr3 QDs. Experimental results show that the stability of CsPbBr3 QDs is significantly improved after 2-n-octyl-1-dodecanol modification, which demonstrates the excellent surface passivation of CsPbBr3 QDs by 2-n-octyl-1-dodecanol.

Emerging microporous materials as novel templates for quantum dots

Microporous structures have attracted significant attention in recent years. In particular, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received considerable attention due to their tailorable structures that offer a wide range of choices in terms of molecular building blocks. Due to their high tunability, these materials are considered as ideal host matrices for templating and encapsulating guest materials, particularly quantum dots (QDs). QDs are investigated heavily for various applications such as light-emitting diodes (LED), biosensors, catalysts, and solar cells due to their unique properties from the quantum confinement effect. However, one of the drawbacks of QDs is their tendency to aggregate and exhibit low stability due to their small size and kinetic trapping in nanoparticle form. This perspective highlights promising approaches to enhance the performance and stability of QDs by using microporous materials as an encapsulation layer. Additionally, potential mitigating strategies are discussed to overcome current challenges and improve the practicality of QDs embedded in microporous nanocomposites.

Stable deep-blue FAPbBr3 quantum dots facilitated by amorphous metal halide matrices.

This communication describes a strategy to synthesize stable deep blue FAPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) by constructing a matrix structure. Amorphous Ni2+-based metal halide matrices can stabilize QDs from both chemical and physical factors, and Ni2+ doping can further enhance their structural stability due to lattice shrinking. Such deep blue QD films exhibit stable X-ray diffraction patterns and photoluminescence even after 245 days of storage.