Stability Of Pakistan Research Articles

Determinants of Bank’s Financial Stability in Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of both internal and external factors in achieving better stability in context of Pakistani banking industry. The internal determinants that this research study have used are bank size, funding risk, liquidity risk, credit risk and return on assets while external variables utilized includes money supply and unemployment rate. The study contains 10 years secondary data over the period 2013-2022 of 24 commercial banks of Pakistan. This study conducted correlation analysis and GMM model estimation for analysis. The findings show that liquidity risk, bank profitability, funding risk and bank size have positive and significant impact on bank stability. On the other hand, credit risk effects negatively bank stability. The result showed that money supply positively affects the stability of banks in Pakistan. On the contrary, unemployment is negatively affecting banks stability. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers, regulators, banks, investors, and other stakeholders in the Pakistani banking sector. By enhancing the understanding of the factors influencing bank stability, the research contributes to identifying the importance of development of evidence-based policies, risk management strategies, and regulatory reforms aimed at development of a stable and resilient banking system in Pakistan.

Link Between Political and Economic Stability: A Case Study of Pakistan

Present research aims at investigating the relationship between political and economic stability in Pakistan. Using secondary data over the period of 1987 to 2022, ARDL bound testing technique is employed to obtain short-run and long-run estimates of the regression model. It is found that political stability and economic stability have a positive and significant relationship. The study also establishes that increase in labor force, trade openness and real discount rate help to achieve economic stability while government expenditure negatively impact economic stability. Based on these conclusions, study proposes important policy recommendations including prudent fiscal management, labor market policies for workforce growth, efforts to promote political stability, cautious monetary policy management, and continued promotion of trade openness to foster stability in economic growth.

PRJAH PROGRESSIVE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ARTS & HUMANITIES www.prjah.org An International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact of Work life Conflict, Social Relationship and Job Performance towards Work place Stress

In the present organizational scenario, workplace stress has become a massive challenge due to its connection with psychological, physical, and emotional strain. Considering the importance of such an important aspect, this paper examines the factors that affect workplace stress in the private banking sectors of Sindh Province, Pakistan. This is a quantitative study and utilized cross-sectional data collected from the front-line managers, employing a survey questionnaire. The researchers utilized 280 valid samples to conclude the study. Using the SPSS version 27.0 for Windows, the study's results reveal a significant positive effect of work-life conflict and social relationships on the workplace stress. On the other hand, the study found a negative impact of job performance on workplace stress among the line managers of private sector banks in Sindh, Pakistan. These findings can help company leaders develop and implement quality-of-life strategies and other measures to decrease workplace stress and improve the quality of life of employees and their families, thereby creating social change. The study outcomes would help settle the organizational conflicts that push employees towards deep pressure and stress. Finally, scientific research can play an essential role in the stability of Pakistan's economy by supporting the financial sector. The study may be a robust layout of decreasing pressure and stress among the employees of different sectors.

Judicial Performance and Sense of Public Relief, (A Study on District Courts Multan From 2009 To 2018)

This abstract critically assesses judicial performance in subordinate judiciary in Pakistan, scrutinizing its efficacy and challenges. It examines key factors influencing judicial effectiveness, including institutional capacity, transparency, and legal infrastructure. Through empirical analysis, it evaluates the impact of judicial decisions on legal certainty, access to justice, and societal harmony. Furthermore, it addresses prevalent issues such as case backlog, corruption, and judicial independence, shaping the narrative of Pakistan's legal landscape. The abstract concludes by highlighting avenues for reform and enhancement, emphasizing the crucial role of a competent judiciary in upholding the rule of law and fostering socio-political stability in Pakistan.

Youth Unemployment and Social Stability: Investigating the Linkages and Possible Solutions in the Context of Pakistan

This research explores the intricate relationship between youth unemployment and social stability in Pakistan. With a burgeoning youth population and limited employment opportunities, Pakistan faces significant challenges in maintaining social cohesion and stability. The study delves into the root causes of youth unemployment, including structural economic issues, inadequate educational systems, and mismatched skills. Furthermore, it examines the ramifications of youth unemployment on social stability, encompassing increased crime rates, political instability, and social unrest. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, this research aims to uncover the nuanced dynamics between youth unemployment and social stability in Pakistan. Additionally, the study explores potential solutions to mitigate youth unemployment, such as policy interventions, skills development programs, and fostering entrepreneurship. By addressing these issues, the research seeks to offer insights and recommendations to policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners to promote social stability and inclusive economic growth in Pakistan.

The Impact of Political Instability on The Economy of Pakistan During General Pervez Musharaf's Regime

The term political instability denotes a state of political unrest and turmoil within a country, characterized by the loss of control over territory, the inability to provide essential public services, and the erosion of legitimate authority. This phenomenon has profound repercussions, particularly on a nation's economic growth. Regrettably, Pakistan has grappled with political instability since gaining independence in 1947, paving the way for dictatorial rule. Constitutional conflicts have hindered the establishment of a stable democratic government, resulting in the stagnation of Pakistan's economic and social progress. This research paper focuses on assessing the impact of political instability on economic crises during the tenure of General Pervez Musharraf in Pakistan. The study was conducted in various areas of Faisalabad, with a sample size of 80 respondents chosen through a convenient sampling technique. Data collection was executed via structured interviews, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that political instability exerted a profoundly negative influence on Pakistan's economic well-being during this period. Notably, the surge in terrorism, exacerbated by political instability, deterred foreign investments, causing other nations to withdraw their interest in Pakistan. This research underscores the imperative of addressing political instability as a pivotal step towards fostering economic growth and stability in Pakistan and, by extension, in similar nations facing similar challenges.

Security challenges and policy initiatives: an analysis from CPEC standpoint

ABSTARCT Since the inauguration of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), researchers focused on various impacts on the region’s economies. The project will have many economic, financial, and social effects in general and on both countries. Along with many economic and financial tasks, policymakers from Pakistan and China are also focusing on security issues. It is generally accepted among these policymakers that CPEC is a fate-changer for Pakistan and the region, which can only become true if it maintains a certain level of stability in Pakistan. In this regard, in line with the policymakers, law enforcement agencies took several initiatives within and on the country’s borders. The study aims to analyze policies initiated so far to overcome security challenges critically. The analysis elucidates the possible security threats for the future and the policies undertaken by China-Pakistan to secure the CPEC.

Governance and Economic Growth Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities for Pakistan; Post Covid-19 Analysis

Post novel coronavirus-19 has created a challenging situation for developed as well as developing countries to sustain their economic stability. There are lot of controversies for policy makers to formulate an effective governance policy for reviving economic strength and to minimize economic effects of this pandemic. The present study focuses on the deliberation of current state of economy in Pakistan after 4th wave of COVID-19. This study further analyzes the effects of governance policies for restoring economic stability in Pakistan. To measure governance, world governance indices (WGI) has been used while economic stability has been measured through growth in GDP per capita. The data about economic and social indicators has been collected for the period of 1996 to 2021. To ascertain the empirical results, multiple linear regression model has been applied. Main results are in favor of positive and significant effects of governance effectiveness on economic stability of the country. Future studies may focus on the role of effective governance policies to achieve economic stability in regional blocks like EU, ASEAN, G 20 and OECD.

Saving-Investment or Foreign Exchange Gap: What Hinders Fiscal Stability in Pakistan?

Macroeconomic stability is a major objective to be achieved for sustainable economic growth. However, fiscal stability has been prone to instability in dual-gaps in a developing country like Pakistan. This study examines the impact of the saving-investment gap (SI), foreign exchange gap (XM), and the mediating impact of output on fiscal deficit using the time-series data from 1973 to 2018 in Pakistan using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results show that an increase in the saving-investment gap and output lower the fiscal deficit. However, an increase in the foreign exchange gap increases the fiscal deficit. While considering the interaction effect, SI and output negatively but XM and output interaction positively affect the fiscal deficit. Since SI and output stabilize the fiscal position while the XM destabilizes the latter, the government should strategize to increase savings, investment, exports, and national output and reduce unnecessary imports.

A Meditation Role of Transformational Leadership in Bringing Socio-Political Stability in Pakistan

A Meditation Role of Transformational Leadership in Bringing Socio-Political Stability in Pakistan

Decentralization and Subnational Politics: Investigating the Impact of Democratic Decentralization on Subnational Politics in Pakistan

This study seeks to assess the impact of decentralization on subnational politics in Pakistan through the lens of public opinion. This quantitative study makes use of data from a national survey that was stratified by region, language, age, and gender. According to statistical analysis, decentralization has made a significant contribution to subnational politics in Pakistan. The study finds that the 18th constitutional amendment has advanced decentralization in Pakistan which has strengthened self-rule, improved subnational governance, and enhanced political participation among the masses in Pakistan. This decentralization has addressed issues related to identity politics and power-sharing as well. The results also indicate that decentralization and the related outcomes in the form of self-rule, governance, political participation, and identity politics have also pushed democratic and federal stability in Pakistan. Based on its findings, this paper contends that decentralization is the best solution for bringing democratic stability and good governance in Pakistan.

POLITICAL UNSTEADINESS AND ECONOMIC RETARDATION IN PAKISTAN

This study aims to investigate the association between uncertainty in politics and economic retardation in Pakistan, which has been grappling with various political and economic obstacles, such as corruption, frequent government changes, and inadequate investments in infrastructure and human capital. The study utilizes a qualitative methodology and examines secondary data sources, including academic publications, government reports, and international organization reports. A thematic analysis approach is employed to identify the key themes and patterns associated with political uncertainty and retardation in economic activities in Pakistan. The research findings indicate that political uncertainty has a considerable negative impact on the growth of economic activities in Pakistan. Frequent changes in government and a lack of accountability have caused corruption, poor resource management, and a dearth of investment in infrastructure and human capital, resulting in a stagnant economy, high unemployment, poverty, and fewer opportunities for vulnerable populations. The study suggests that several potential solutions can help promote economic growth and stability in Pakistan, including strengthening institutions and governance, promoting economic opportunities, prioritizing human capital development and education, and establishing social protection programs. The implementation of these solutions necessitates long-term commitment and sustained efforts from policymakers, civil society organizations, and the private sector. The research concludes by highlighting the research's limitations and the requirement for further investigation to deepen understanding of the challenges faced by Pakistan. However, the study's findings and recommendations provide critical insights into the relationship between uncertainty in politics and retardation in economic activities in Pakistan, offering potential solutions to enhance the growth of economic activities and stability in the country.

Detecting Aphid Concentration in Wheat Leaf Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Wheat lies among the most prominent cereal crop of Pakistan which has a significant role in the stability of Pakistan’s economy. Certain biotic and a biotic factors including agro-climatic conditions, rainfall, lack of irrigation infrastructure and conventional agricultural methods are raising the risk of aphid attacks. The current study utilized satellite imagery for obtaining thermal datasets of complete wheat growth. Results revealed that rainfall is a significant parameter for the determination of aphid growth on wheat plant. A region receiving 0-10 mm rainfall, supported the growth of aphid. Moreover, the aphid survival was highly supported at a moderate temperature ranging between 20-25 oC with relative humidity ranging from 70-75 %. The study also revealed the production of weed in wheat crop acted as a moistrizing agent which consequently provided favorable conditions to the aphid population for growth. Inapropriate usage of fertilizers increased the nitrogen content in soil which turned to be favourable for the aphid attack. Thus, the study concludes that agro-climatic conditions must be considered before the application of pesticides.

Competitive Conditions and Banking Stability in Pakistan: New Evidence from Market Power and Charter Value

In this study, we invoke the theoretical notion of different competitive conditions in lending and deposit market power for the banking industry of Pakistan. We find highly monopolistic conditions in lending market whereby majority of the banks are enjoying high market power. On the other hand, the deposit market is found to be highly competitive. Subsequently, we find the effects of the lending and deposit market measures of market power on the riskiness of banks to be asymmetric. In addition, we introduce charter value as a determinant of banks’ risk for the first time in the case of Pakistan and tested for whether or not greater higher valuable charters enhance the risk aversive tendencies of banks to preserve charter value? Our findings suggest that the theoretical link between charter value and market power is sufficiently strong to restrain risky behavior of banks.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MONETARY POLICY FOR MACROECONOMIC STABILITY: A STRUCTURAL VECTOR AUTO REGRESSION (SVAR) APPROACH

Monetary policy is very importance to steer the economy to control higher inflation, boost the economic growth and stabilize the other macroeconomic activities. This study investigated the effectiveness of monetary policy for Macroeconomic stability by structural vector- auto-regressive model. For this purpose, impulse responses and variance decomposition techniques were applied to examine the shocks and dynamic behavior of the variables. The results indicate that the role of monetary policy has a gradual and significant impact on Macroeconomic stability of Pakistan. The aim of restriction method SVAR has been used to describe the impact of highlighted variables i.e., money market rate, money supply and exchange rate. It is institute that exchange rate is more effective in long run, while interest rate and money supply are contemporaneous effects in short run. Further, there is the evidence of price puzzle because the level of prices increased rather than decreased in the short run and is against what generally policy perceives. Keywords: Macroeconomic Stability, Impulse Responses, Structural VAR

The Feudal Dynasty and Politics in Pakistan: A Socio-Political Analysis of Season of the Rainbirds in the Light of New Historicism

This research paper explores the factors behind the political instability and economic inequality in Pakistan, especially during General Zia’s military regime as reflected in Nadeem Aslam’s novel ‘Season of the Rainbirds’ (1993), in the light of the theory of New Historicism. The study highlights that the military intervened in political affairs and imposed martial law in 1977. The parliamentary democratic process in Pakistan did not get stability due to certain factors, such as feudal dynasty, social and economic inequalities, exploitation of masses, and low literacy rate. The feudal elites have always supported the military in this process to seek their vested interests, as their dominance over political affairs has been great. On the other hand, the masses’ dependency on their land for economic survival has worsened the situation. This study is based on a qualitative research approach and has been carried out by doing a textual analysis of the selected excerpts from the novel ‘Season of the Rainbirds’. The findings reveal that the social composition of the feudal class has undermined the institution of democracy and caused political, social, and economic disintegration. It monopolized the institution of politics and made a way for the military to intervene in the political affairs of the country. Without the provision of social and economic justice, democracy cannot get stability in Pakistan.

CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN

Chinese huge $62 billion investment in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project in Pakistan creates numerous prospects and challenges for the economy and stability of Pakistan. CPEC is part of the China’s One Belt and Road Initiative (OBRI), which connects different countries and encourages the global economic Initiative. CPEC includes energy, agriculture, tourism, Gwadar port, communication and connectivity infrastructure and many other different types of projects. Currently CPEC first phase is completed and now second phase has begun. CPEC can play the most important role in the future direction of the Pakistani economy. CPEC is very beneficial for the people of Pakistan and China. This review study on the prospects and challenges for economy of Pakistan from the perspective of CPEC is evaluating the recent scenarios, which sees the potential and evaluation of areas on economic activities and potential threats, which can counter by the governments of Pakistan and China on regional and global level. This study also highlights the difficulties, which are creating by the India to impose sanctions on economic products of Pakistan through the platform of (Financial Action Task Force) FATF and harm the projects of CPEC. The findings revealed that Pakistan must promote the CPEC, counter CPEC propaganda, and integrate with the plan to create a smoother image of Pakistan, achieve national cohesion and reduce radicalization. Moreover, China and Pakistan should work together to break the shadow of distrust.

15-Influence of Political Parties in Political Stability in Pakistan: A Case Study of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

The main purpose of this investigation is to analyze the participation of Political parties in the development of democratic culture in Pakistan. For this purpose survey was conducted among the students and the faculty members of political departments of various colleges of Hyderabad city. The data were collected through questionnaire using five point Likert scale and data were analyzed by using SPSS 22 version. The results of this study reveal that there is significant role of political parties for the development of democracy and also stability of economical conditions of the country. Most of the respondents are persuaded that the responsibility of political parties in political development of Pakistan is crucial but not admiring yet. They are of the view that political parties have not even played adequate role in direction of the political, social and economic growth of a country. Results of survey also demonstrate that the political setup of Pakistan desires considerable transformations, capacity building and institutionalization. It is concluded that the imperative role of democratic parties is to enhance the volume of political development in the interest of nation of Pakistan.

Bank Competition–Stability Relations in Pakistan: A Comparison between Islamic and Conventional Banks

This study comparatively analyses the financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan. Using data of 29 conventional and 9 Islamic banks over 18 years, the study first estimates bank competition and stability using Lerner index and Z-Score, respectively. Generalized least squares regression is used and the coefficients are estimated by using random-effects estimator. Results of the mean comparison show that Islamic banks carry more market power (less competition) and are more stable compared to their conventional counterparts. Results of a panel regression show that competition positively affects the stability of the banking sector and this effect is higher for Islamic banks due to their market power. Results also show that bank stability in Pakistan was reduced during global crisis period; however, presence of Islamic banks contributes to the stability even during crisis. Finally, this study supports the competition-stability hypothesis for Islamic banking in Pakistan. Recommendations are given at the end.

Do Quality of Governance, Remittance and Financial Development affect Growth?

The newly elected government of the Pakistan considered corruption as a main hurdle in long-term development of the country on one hand. On the other hand, it is put emphasis on enhancing remittances to maintain Marco-economic stability in Pakistan. Therefore, the aim of this study is to highlight the effects of remittance, quality of governance and financial development in Pakistan for the time 2000 to 2016 using Ordinary Least Square Method (OLS). The aftermaths of the study has shown the positive influence of remittance, quality of governance and financial development on economic development in Pakistan. Conversely, as expected the sign of inflation is negative with in-significant effect. Furthermore, the present study has categorized financial development into banking sector and stock market development to explore their effects separately. For this purpose, two indicators have chosen for banking sector and two for stock market development. Lastly, this paper uses various diagnostic tests to check the various econometric issues in the given models. The results of the diagnostic tests have showed that residual is normally distributed, homoscedastic and absence of serial correlation in all the given models. Moreover, descriptive statistics also shows that variables of present study are normally distributed. In sum, based on the findings this research recommends that by improving the quality of the governance and by increasing the remittances long-term economic growth is possible in Pakistan. In addition, financial development is also an important determinant of growth in Pakistan. Therefore, government focus on eradicating corruption and increasing remittances are the right policies for economy of Pakistan in the long run.