Stability Of Hybrids Research Articles

Developing predictive hybridization models for phosphorothioate oligonucleotides using high-resolution melting.

The ability to predict nucleic acid hybridization energies has been greatly enabling for many applications, but predictive models require painstaking experimentation, which may limit expansion to non-natural nucleic acid analogues and chemistries. We have assessed the utility of dye-based, high-resolution melting (HRM) as an alternative to UV-Vis determinations of hyperchromicity in order to more quickly acquire parameters for duplex stability prediction. The HRM-derived model for phosphodiester (PO) DNA can make comparable predictions to previously established models. Using HRM, it proved possible to develop predictive models for DNA duplexes containing phosphorothioate (PS) linkages, and we found that hybridization stability could be predicted as a function of sequence and backbone composition for a variety of duplexes, including PS:PS, PS:PO, and partially modified backbones. Individual phosphorothioate modifications destabilize helices by around 0.12 kcal/mol on average. Finally, we applied these models to the design of a catalytic hairpin assembly circuit, an enzyme-free amplification method used for nucleic acid-based molecular detection. Changes in PS circuit behavior were consistent with model predictions, further supporting the addition of HRM modeling and parameters for PS oligonucleotides to the rational design of nucleic acid hybridization.

Hybrid nanofluids development and benefits: A comprehensive review

Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) have received the prominent attention of researchers due to their improved thermophysical properties than conventional liquids and single-phase nanofluids. Such high potential heat transfer fluids are obtained from the suspension of two or more dissimilar nanoparticles in a regular heat transfer liquid. Owing to the high heat transfer properties of hybrid nanofluid, these are widely used in industrial processes, manufacturing processes, and biomedical engineering. This framework presents a detailed review of hybrid nanofluids preparation, stability, thermophysical properties, and importance in various engineering fields. Furthermore, present analysis addresses the pH control and ultrasound intensity of hybrid nanofluid. This analysis also manifests a hybrid nanofluid preparation method and suitable nanoparticles mixers for various industrial uses. This study reveals some future trends and possibilities related to HNF and a few suggestions regarding the scope in the future research in this area. A big impact with small particles for coming years. The hybrid nanofluid are having higher thermal conductivity which affects significantly to machining output response variables. By hybridizing the suitable combination of nanoparticles, the required heat transfer effect can be obtained still at low particle concentrations.

Novel Genetic Variation Through Altered zmm28 Expression Improves Maize Performance Under Abiotic Stress

We previously reported that extended and increased expression of the native maize gene zmm28 in maize resulted in transgenic events with greater grain yields under optimum field environments. Here we report additional positive impacts of altered zmm28 expression on improving yield stability of maize in the presence of the key abiotic stresses of water deficit and low nitrogen (N). Transgenic zmm28 elite hybrids were evaluated with their wild type (WT) comparators in multiple Managed Stress Environments (MSE), where a water deficit stress was imposed at flowering (FS) or during grain fill (GFS), or where N application was restricted (LN). Across 5 years of testing (2014–2018, 1600 comparisons, 80 hybrids, 43 locations), the ZmGos2-zmm28 lead event DP202216 increased yield relative to WT an average of 479 kg ha -1 (6.6%), 345 kg ha -1 (3.4%) and 166 kg ha -1 (2.0%) in FS, GFS and LN environments, respectively. Maximum observed yield response across 6–12 transgenic hybrids in a single location x year combination was 1181 kg ha -1 (13.9%), 860 kg ha -1 (9.4%) and 834 kg ha -1 (7.0%), relative to WT, for FS, GFS and LN, respectively. Another independent event, DP382118, provided similar yield improvements in the same environments, confirming overall confidence in the performance of the construct functional gene. In a separate genetic penetration study in 2018, DP202216 increased yield an average of 487 kg ha -1 (4.4%) over a combined set of GFS and FS locations, where 6 SS Bulk F3 populations were crossed with 6 diverse NSS testers (36 hybrids), confirming consistent positive yield responses across diverse germplasm under water-limited conditions. The improved yield stability of multiple elite ZmGos2-zmm28 transgenic hybrids demonstrated over multiple years of abiotic stress exposure indicates this novel transgenic variation can contribute to the sustainable intensification of maize production that will be required to address global yield gaps. • Altered expression of zmm28 increases abiotic stress performance in maize. • Zmm28 transgenic hybrids demonstrate improved maize grain yield stability. • Transcription factors may be used to reduce yield gaps in maize.

Stability improvement of MMC‐based hybrid AC/DC grids through the application of a decentralized optimal controller

Interconnection and expansion of AC networks through high-voltage direct current grids based on modular multilevel converters to form a multiterminal hybrid AC/DC grid can pose stability issues. These challenges can arise from dynamic interactions between/within AC and DC subgrids due to poorly damped modes that are potential sources of persistent and disruptive oscillations. This paper aims to ensure the stability of multiterminal hybrid AC/DC grids via a decentralized optimal controller. The proposed methodology analytically and simultaneously identifies both the decentralized optimal controller and the worst-case perturbation scenario under the grid control inputs' and state variables' constraints, without the need for detailed and time-consuming dynamic simulations of all possible scenarios. Eigenvalue stability analysis and time-domain simulations show that the proposed controller can efficiently enhance the test grid stability margins and reduce the oscillations, not only under the worst-case perturbation scenario (increasing damping ratios of the two pairs of least damped modes by 2.34 and 4.05 times) but also under other critical fault conditions. Furthermore, the controller's superior performance is validated through comparison with the power system stabilizer and modular multilevel converter droop controller under small and large disturbances, and its robustness is assessed against parametric uncertainties.

Genotype by Environment Interaction Analysis for Grain Yield and Yield Components of Summer Maize Hybrids across the Huanghuaihai Region in China

Increasing the maize production capacity to ensure food security is still the primary goal of global maize planting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genotypes with high yield and stability in summer maize hybrids grown in the Huanghuaihai region of China using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) technique. A total of 18 summer maize hybrids with one check hybrid were used for this study using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates at 74 locations during two consecutive years (2018–2019). A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an AMMI analysis showed that genotype (G), environment (E), year (Y) and their interactions were highly significant (p < 0.001) except G × E × Y for all evaluated traits viz., grain yield (GY), ear length (EL), hundred seed weight (HSW) and E × Y for hundred seed weight. The first seven interaction principal components (IPCs) were highly significant and explained 81.74% of the genotype by environment interaction (GEI). By comparing different models, the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was considered the best model for data analysis in this study. The combination of AMMI model and BLUP technology to use the WAASB (weighted average of absolute scores from the singular value decomposition of the matrix of BLUP for GEI effects generated by linear mixed model) index was considered promising for similar research in the future. Genotypes H321 and Y23 had high yield and good stability, and could be used as new potential genetic resources for improving and stabilizing grain yield in maize breeding practices in the Huanghuaihai region of China. Genotypes H9, H168, Q218, Y303 and L5 had narrow adaptability and only apply to specific areas. The check genotype Z958 had good adaptability in most environments due to its good stability, but it also needs the potential to increase grain yield. Significant positive correlations were also found between the tested agronomic traits.

Combining Ability and Performance of Extra-Early Maturing Provitamin A Maize Inbreds and Derived Hybrids in Multiple Environments.

Availability of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with elevated provitamin A (PVA) levels and tolerance to contrasting stresses would improve food self-sufficiency and combat malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study was conducted to (i) analyze selected PVA inbreds of extra-early maturity for carotenoid content, (ii) estimate the combining abilities of the inbred lines for grain yield and other agronomic traits, (iii) assign inbred lines to distinct heterotic groups (HGs), (iv) identify testers among the inbred lines, and (v) determine grain yield and stability of the PVA hybrids across contrasting environments. Thirty-three extra-early maturing inbred lines selected for high carotenoid content were crossed with four inbred testers to obtain 132 testcrosses. The testcrosses, six tester × tester crosses and two hybrid checks, were evaluated across three Striga-infested, four drought and five optimal growing environments in Nigeria, 2014–2016. Results of the chemical analysis revealed that inbred lines TZEEIOR 109, TZEEIOR 30, TZEEIOR 41, TZEEIOR 97, TZEEIOR 42, and TZEEIOR 140 had intermediate PVA levels. Both additive and nonadditive gene actions were important in the inheritance of grain yield and other measured traits under stress and optimal environments. However, additive gene action was preponderant over the nonadditive gene action. The inbred lines were classified into three HGs across environments. Inbreds TZEEIOR 249 and TZEEIOR 30 were identified as testers for HGs I and II, respectively. The hybrid TZEEI 79 × TZEEIOR 30 was the most outstanding in terms of grain yield and was stable across environments. This hybrid should be tested extensively in on-farm trials for consistency in performance and commercialized to combat malnutrition and food insecurity in SSA.

Assessment of heterotic and combining ability effects along with genotype × environment factors influencing the variation of yield and quality components in pepper

Peppers hot and sweet are widely grown Solanaceous vegetable, consumed as fresh and spice crops worldwide. Their fruits have high nutritional and antioxidant characteristics especially the bell peppers, which have high vitamin C content and antioxidants such as carotenoids and chlorophylls, while hot peppers have pharmaceutically and industrially important compounds such as capsaicinoids that make it a high-interest crop for both breeders and consumers. The often cross-pollinating nature and availability of male sterility systems make the hybrids more popular in this crop, and because of its wide cultivation over different climatic zones, there is always a need for suitable varieties for specific growing conditions. In the present investigation, eight parents of both hot and bell pepper types were used to produce twelve hybrids through line × tester analysis and tested for sixteen yield and quality attributes under two different growing environments. We found significant differences among parents and hybrids for 9 out of 16 traits across two growing environments. The significant effect of genotype was found for most of the traits in the case of parents, while environmental component was accounted for major variation found in hybrids for most of the traits studied. Significant mid-parent heterosis was found for all the genotypes at least for one of the studied characters. We found higher plasticity for fruit yield and plant spread in parents, while vitamin C content for hybrids. The tester's contribution (59.42%) was highest under line × tester analysis for the studied characters. PCA for the first two dimensions explained 49.91% of the total variation, exhibited differences among evaluated traits and genotypes. This extensive path is used admit to appraise those characters, which exhibit stability in hybrids and help to generate novel and widely adapted hybrids.

Assessing the adaptability and stability of new pearl millet hybrids for grain yield, grain iron and zinc content in Ghana using AMMI analysis

Assessing the adaptability and stability of new pearl millet hybrids for grain yield, grain iron and zinc content in Ghana using AMMI analysis

Productivity, plasticity and stability of modern grain sorghum hybrids in conditions of the Lugansk region

The environmental test and evaluation of grain sorghum varieties in terms of productivity, plasticity and stability were carried out in the conditions of the central part of the Lugansk region on the basis of the experimental field of the Lugansk State Agrarian University in 2016-2020. The analysis of two – factor experience (factor A – years, factor B – hybrids), coefficients of ecological plasticity and stability, general adaptive ability of genotype, coefficient of yield variation, intensity index, stability index, indicator of level of variety stability were used for the assessment. The climate change index made the greatest impact on the yield. As a result of the study of 20 hybrids of foreign selection included in the State Register, varieties with the highest yield, adaptability to growing conditions, plasticity and stability were bred for the arid conditions of the Lugansk region - the early-maturing hybrid Frisket (ADVANTA company), medium-early hybrids Puma Star (ADVANTA company) and Solarius (EURALIS semences company).

Impact of bPNA Backbone Structural Constraints and Composition on Triplex Hybridization with DNA.

We report herein a study on the impact of bifacial peptide nucleic acid (bPNA) amino acid composition and backbone modification on DNA binding. A series of bPNA backbone variants with identical net charge were synthesized to display either 4 or 6 melamine (M) bases. These bases form thymine-melamine-thymine (TMT) base-triples, resulting in triplex hybrid stem structures with T-rich DNAs. Analyses of 6 M bPNA-DNA hybrids suggested that hybrid stability was linked to amino acid secondary structure propensities, prompting a more detailed study in shorter 4 M bPNAs. We synthesized 4 M bPNAs predisposed to adopt helical secondary structure via helix-turn nucleation in 7-residue bPNAs using double-click covalent stapling. Generally, hybrid stability improved upon stapling, but amino acid composition had a more significant effect. We also pursued an alternative strategy for bPNA structural preorganization by incorporation of residues with strong backbone amide conformational preferences such as 4R- and 4S-fluoroprolines. Notably, these derivatives exhibited an additional improvement in hybrid stability beyond both unsubstituted proline bPNA analogues and the helically patterned bPNAs. Overall, these findings demonstrate the tunability of bPNA-DNA hybrid stability through bPNA backbone structural propensities and amino acid composition.

Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction for Seed Cotton Yield Performance and stability in Bt Cotton Hybrids (MON531 and MON15985)

A study was conducted to understand the stability of seed cotton yield of 105 Bt cotton hybrids (BGI and BGII) using Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) analysis across three diverse locations in India during rainy season 2018. This study holds importance as the hybrids were resistant to Helicoverpa bollworms due to Bt events (MON531 and MON15985) in them which were expected to nullify variation arising out of differential bollworm pressure in different location, unlike in non Bt hybrids where this variation also played role in the stability of the hybrids. The main effect differences among hybrids (41.23 %), environments (39.56 %) and the interaction effects (19.21%) were highly significant of the total variance of seed cotton yield indicating a large difference between the testing location causing different hybrids to perform differently across the testing environments. The first two principal components axes (IPCA I and IPCA II) were highly significant and contributed 52.12 % and 47.88% of total interaction respectively. The distance from the origin and the placement of locations in different quadrants of biplot reflected that the locations were substantially discriminatory as Aurangabad and Dharwad, which were high yielding and Raichur was low yielding. Results showed that hybrids IAHH-8096 BGII, IAHH-8103 BGI, IAHH-8061 BGII and IAHH-8007 BGII were having lowest interaction and stable across the location, whereas hybrids IAHH-8080 BGI, IAHH-8084 BGI, IAHH-8004 BGII and IAHH-8105 BGI were having more interaction and unstable genotypes. Large frequency of hybrids (57) were stable with IPCA scores nearing zero and low ASV values which is attributed resistance to bollworm due to Bt events.

Hybrid nanofluids flow and heat transfer in cavities: a technological review

ABSTRACT The urgent and indispensable need to develop new methods of enhancing heat transfer efficiency to improve energy devices’ performance cannot be overlooked in this era of green energy and sustainable technologies. Nanofluids research has proliferated in the past decade, and reports indicate that nanofluids can be used for heat transfer applications in engineering and in general and/or commercial industries. Nanofluid is the dispersion of nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity in common working fluids. Nevertheless, a growing area of research in recent years has involved using two or more nanoparticles in a base fluid, known as hybrid nanofluids. Studies show that hybrid nanofluids exhibited better thermal and rheological characteristics than mono nanofluids. In addition, many researchers have reported on the thermal-fluid behaviors of nanofluids in comparison with hybrid nanofluids on natural convection in cavity flows. This review discusses hybrid nanofluids preparation, stability analysis and characterization, thermal properties and heat transfer characteristics in cavities. Furthermore, hybrid nanofluids demonstrated better heat transfer characteristics than mono nanofluids or conventional fluids even if more research is needed in terms of hybrid nanofluids preparation, stability, characterization and applications.

Dynamic stability of hybrid fiber/nanocomposite-reinforced toroidal shells subjected to the periodic axial and pressure loadings

In this article, the dynamic instability of the hybrid fiber/nanocomposite-reinforced toroidal shells is investigated. By using the approximation of Fourier series and applying the Galerkin method, a semi-analytical solution is achieved. The proposed method provides an accurate assessment of the dynamic stability of the shell with no computational costs in comparison to the numerical methods. By comparing the obtained results for some examples with those available in the present literature, the accuracy of present formulation is approved. In order to evaluate the effects of geometrical and mechanical specifications on the dynamic instability of the proposed shells, a comprehensive parametric study is performed, as well.

Stability on Maize Hybrids Based on GGE Biplot Graphical Technique

In this study, 12 maize hybrids were planted and evaluated to determine the effect of genotype and genotype-environment interaction (GEI) base GGE (genotype plus genotype-by-environment) using a Graphical biplot technique in four research stations (Arak, Birjand, Shiraz and Karaj) within two years using a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD). The combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of the environment, genotype and genotype-environment interaction (GEI) were significant in the one percent probability level. GGE biplot results indicated that the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained more than 83% of the grain performance variation. Simultaneous study of grain performance and hybrid stability using the biplot of average environment coordinates showed that the KSC705 genotype had the highest yield and stability. Polygon view divided the studied areas into two mega-environments (MEs) and identified the best genotypes in each mega-environment (ME). In the first mega-environment (ME1), the Karaj and Shiraz with KSC706 and KSC400 genotypes were detected, and were the best; and in the second mega-environment (ME2), Arak and Birjand with KSC704 and KSC707 genotypes performed better. The biplot graph for the correlation between the genotypes categorized the studied hybrids into four groups positively related to each other based on the angles between vectors. The KSC704 and KSC707 genotypes were desirable in the yield in Shiraz and Karaj and KSC706 were in Arak and Birjand. Additionally, Arak-Birjand, Karaj-Shiraz showed a positive and significant correlation. Birjand and Karaj had most genotype interaction with each other.

Genotype-by-environment interaction and yield stability for grain yield of quality protein maize hybrids under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments

Maize (Zea mays L.) yield performance is determined by the effects of genotype and environment, and genotype × environment interaction (GEI). A complete diallel crosses of 11 QPM inbred lines were evaluated under both low and optimum soil nitrogen environments to identify high grain yield performance and yield stability of single-cross hybrids in six environments. The results of analysis of variance showed that variations among hybrids attributable to genotypes (G), environments (E), and genotype × environment interactions (GEI) were significant for grain yield. The result of the AMMI analysis showed that grain yield performance of the genotypes was significantly affected by environments, genotypes and GEI across six environments. The GGE biplot showed the sum of the first and second principal component axes explained 61.66% of the total variation. Genotype TL156583 × TL156612 was identified as the best genotype among hybrids across six environments, and less stable than genotype MHQ138 which was the poorest genotype but stable across all environments. AMMI stability value identified TL155976 × TL156583, TL156583 × TL155932, and TL156579 × TL156583 as stable genotypes, and TL156583 × VL05128, TL156583 × TL147078, and TL156579 × TL155976 as unstable ones. GGE-biplot identified genotype TL156583 × VL05128 to be the winner in E6 (Dire-Dawa optimum N) whereas genotype TL156612 × TL148288 was the winner in E2 (Raare optimum N) and E5 (Dire-Dawa low N). Genotype TL156579 × TL155976 won in E1 (Raare low N) and E5 (Dire-Dawa low N).

Structural Evidence of Sunscreen Enhanced Stability in Uv Filter-Zeolite Hybrids

Structural Evidence of Sunscreen Enhanced Stability in Uv Filter-Zeolite Hybrids

Adaptability and stability analysis of new popcorn simple hybrids evaluated using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction Bayesian approaches

The development of new popcorn cultivars that include wide adaptation, high stability and superior performance characteristics is one of the main alternatives to mitigate the effects of the genotype × environment interaction. In this sense, our main goal was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of new popcorn hybrids using Bayesian additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (BAMMI) method for grain yield (GY) and popping expansion capacity (PE) traits. We evaluated GY and PE from 45 new popcorn hybrids and three commercial cultivars (IAC–125, Pop Top and Top Ten) as checks in six different environments. Genotype × environment interaction, correlation and stability analyses were performed using Bayesian approaches. The full models tested presented the lowest deviance information criterion (DIC) values when compared to null models, indicating the presence of the genotype × environment interaction for both evaluated agronomic traits. Negative correlations were observed between GY and PE (r = –0.24, 95% highest posterior density [HPD] = –0.31; –0.17) and confirm the difficulty to perform selection simultaneously for both characteristics. UEM–3 and UEM–7 hybrids showed wide stability and high a posteriori averages for GY and PE. Both cultivars can be registered and recommended for cultivation in popcorn producing regions.

Biomass yield stability of interspecific Jatropha hybrids through multiple harvest rotations with varying harvest ages

Biomass yield stability of interspecific Jatropha hybrids through multiple harvest rotations with varying harvest ages

Yield level and stability in corn hybrids of different ripeness groups

Purpose. To determine the yield and agronomic stability of new corn hybrids bred at the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS under climatic changes.
 Materials and methods. Twenty-eight experimental hybrids derived from lines of different genetic origins were studied. The field experiments were carried out in compliance with conventional techniques.
 Results and discussion. Of the hybrids tested, eight mid-early and two mid-ripening hybrids were distinguished, as their yields were higher than those of the conditional check hybrids by 0.42–2.32 t/ha. In addition to yield, the harvest moisture in grain is an important criterion for evaluating hybrids. In all study years, the harvest moisture in grain of the corn hybrids was at or below the standard. The maximum average yields in 2016–2018 were produced by mid-early hybrids Vektor (8.13 t/ha), KhA Bolid (8.19 t/ha), and Arho (8.13 t/a) and by mid-ripening hybrid UKhL 228 / KhA 408 (7.1 t/ha), exceeding the corresponding conditional check hybrids by 23–24%. When analyzing the corn hybrid yields depending on the growing zone, namely Steppe, Forest-Steppe and Woodlands, we noted that their average yield was 5.58, 8.96 and 7.13 t/ha, respectively. Of the hybrids studied, Vektor and Stavr provided the highest yields of 9.49 t/ha and 9.59 t/ha, respectively, with the grain moisture of 18% in the Forest-Steppe.
 Conclusions. The yield level and stability in the corn hybrids of different ripeness groups were evaluated. The hybrids gave high or moderate yields and were noticeable for high agronomic stability, providing consistently high yields under deteriorating growing conditions. Based to the trial results, three mid-early corn hybrids, Liubchyk (FAO 240), Stavr (FAO 290) and Vektor (FAO 270), were included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine.

Genetic Stability of TGMS Hybrids in Dry Direct Seeded Rice

Rice is a water-loving crop and traditionally sown in the nursery and then transplanted to the puddled and waterlogged main field. Owing to climate change, water scarcity and labour shortage problems, rice is now cultivated in the dry direct seeded method. Owing to potential of hybrid rice in increasing both rice production and productivity, many countries are focusing on exploiting the benefits of this technology. To break the yield plateau in rice cultivation, Thermosensitive Genetic Male Sterile (TGMS) hybrids were found to be very effective. In the present study, 41 TGMS hybrids and 9 checks were evaluated for their stability and adaptability by dry direct seeded method in four locations viz., E1 - Allahabad, E2 - Lucknow, E3 - Dhamtari and E4 - Raipur. The TGMS hybrid G44 was predicted as an ideal hybrid by the GGE stability model that possessed high grain yield and stable performance over environments. It was followed by hybrids viz., G10, G14, G34, G11, G20 and G47 that had a stable performance with high yield. Hence, these TGMS hybrids were identified as high and stable yielders across environments and suitable for dry direct seeded rice ecosystems. Among the environments, E1 (Allahabad) and E4 (Raipur) were considered favourable environments as they possessed the highest discriminating power. The hybrids identified in the study can be utilized for breaking the yield barriers in rice and can be recommended for dry direct seeding in marginal and rainfed areas.