SrTiO3 paraelectric materials exhibit significant potential to be used as lead-free energy storage dielectrics due to their distinctive linear-like polarization behavior. Nonetheless, the application in advanced thin-film capacitors is challenging due to their low polarization strength and structural anomalies, which reduce the breakdown field strength and diminish the energy storage density. This study proposes a synergistic approach that integrates ion doping with the optimization of thermal treatment to enhance the energy storage capabilities of SrTiO3 thin films. Initially, Mn2+ doping in SrTiO3 films mitigates oxygen vacancies and forms Mn2+-VO•• defect dipoles, thereby refining the polarization behavior and reducing the leakage current density. Subsequently, the crystalline degree of SrTi0.99Mn0.01O3 thin films can be regulated by adjusting the annealing temperature. The optimal breakdown field strength of the resultant SrTi0.99Mn0.01O3 films reaches 4681 kV/cm with a 1 mol% Mn2+ doping level, enhancing the recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) to 32.17 J/cm3. Furthermore, the recoverable energy storage density of SrTi0.99Mn0.01O3 films escalates to 36.62 J/cm3 with an efficiency of 80.28 %, upon reducing the annealing temperature to 625 °C. Moreover, SrTi0.99Mn0.01O3 films demonstrate superior thermal stability, frequency stability, and electrical fatigue resistance, underscoring their potential as efficacious materials for film capacitor applications.