Squamous Odontogenic Tumor Research Articles

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in a Squamous Odontogenic Tumor of the Maxilla: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is an exceedingly rare, benign epithelial odontogenic tumor showing squamous differentiation. It is composed of variably sized and shaped islands of cytologically bland, mature squamous epithelium within a fibrous stroma. In this report, we present a rare transformation of a squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) of the maxilla into a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with involvement of the pterygoid plates. To the best of our knowledge, only two cases of malignant transformation of SOT has been reported in the literature. Herein, we seek to report this extremely rare occurrence to raise awareness of oral and maxillofacial surgeons and pathologists of this unusual, but serious event and perform a literature review of squamous odontogenic tumors.

Management of Soft Tissue Upper Jaw Tumor in a 51 Year Old Female Patient at Sultan Fatah Hospital, Demak Regency: Case Report

Background: Benign tumors are collections of cells, tissues or organs that grow slowly and usually enlarge with peripheral expansion, pushing on surrounding structures. Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a very rare benign epithelial intraosseous tumor, which can cause arising from the neoplastic transformation of Malassez epithelial cells on the lateral surface of the periodontal ligament. Objective : To discuss the management of odontogenic squamous tumors using conservative surgical excision. The goal of treatment for oral myxoma was surgical excision. Case management : A 51 year old female patient came to the SULTAN FATAH Hospital Polyclinic, Demak Regency on May 26 2023 with complaints of a lump on the upper left gum of the jaw. The patient felt the lump about 1 year ago. The patient does not feel pain in the lump. Clinical examination showed a lump in the upper jaw on the front of the patient's left side.Conclusion : Management of the patient undergoing surgical excision of the tumor with general anesthesia and infiltration in the case of odontogenic squamous tumor, based on subjective examination the patient complained of a lump with a tumor mass measuring 10 x 8 cm, redder than the surrounding tissue, round, not moving, attached to the gums of the upper jaw.

Comment on "'Collision Tumour' Involving Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma and Squamous Odontogenic Tumour: Diagnostic Precision and Implications" - A Need for Reevaluation of Histopathological Findings.

Comment on "'Collision Tumour' Involving Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma and Squamous Odontogenic Tumour: Diagnostic Precision and Implications" - A Need for Reevaluation of Histopathological Findings.

Collision Tumour Comprising Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma and Squamous Odontogenic Tumour in the Anterior Maxilla: A Case Report.

Collision tumours, characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of two distinct neoplasms within the same anatomical site, are exceedingly rare in oral pathology. This case report presents an uncommon collision tumour involving desmoplastic ameloblastoma and squamous odontogenic tumour in the anterior maxilla of a 52-year-old male from the Indian population. Desmoplastic ameloblastoma is a variant of ameloblastoma known for its unique histopathological features, while squamous odontogenic tumour is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumour with distinctive clinical behaviour. The rarity of this occurrence emphasizes the need for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies. This report discusses the clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and histopathological characteristics of this collision tumour. Through the presentation of this case, we aim to contribute to the understanding of these rare entities and their management considerations.

Bilateral Squamous Odontogenic Tumor: Presentation of 2 Cases and a Review of the Literature

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT)is a rare odontogenic lesion first described in 1975. It has been classified by the WHO as an epithelial odontogenic tumor. While that classification has been widely accepted, some considered the lesion to be hamartomatous in nature. Others have disputed the diagnosis of many of the cases in the literature and claim they have been confused with other tumors with similar histologic features such as desmoplastic ameloblas- tomas, acanthomatous ameloblastoma1 and "SOT-like" islands in the walls of odontogenic cysts. SOTs are usually found in the fourth decade and are typically solitary, intraosseous lesions. However, peripheral lesions and multi- focal cases of SOT have been described. Multifocal cases differ from the more common solitary presentation in that they usually occur in younger patients and are found more commonly in African American males. As of 2017, 8 cases of multifocal SOT have been reported, only 1 of which was reported as exclusively bilateral maxillary lesions and 6 of which had bilateral lesions as well as additional foci of tumor. Here we present two additional cases of bilateral SOTs of the mandible in young adult males. CD56 staining, which has been reported to highlight the basal cell layer in ameloblastomas, was performed on one case to further differentiate the SOT from an acanthomatous ameloblastoma. Due to the nonspecific radiographic features of SOT and their ability to mimic bilateral dentigerous cysts or other neoplastic processes, clinicians should have an increased awareness of the entity and submit tissue associated with impacted teeth.

Fostering a faster post-operative wound healing process with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a rare case of squamous odontogenic tumor.

IntroductionThe surgical removal of an intraoral tumor and preventing intraoral wound dehiscence are constant challenges faced by surgeons today. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), the inhalation of 100% oxygen at a greater atmospheric pressure, is often used in cases of wounds to induce a faster wound healing process, alongside other treatment modalities. We report a rare case of squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) treated with HBOT after being surgically removed to foster an accelerated wound recovery.Case presentationA 39-year-old Asian male presented with an intraoral 3 × 4 cm tumor, accompanied by acute pain on the maxillary region. Biopsy results showed a solid, brown parenchyma with islands of mature squamous epithelial cells, confirming the diagnosis of an SOT. An intraoral surgical approach was performed to remove the tumor. The patient was then treated with prophylactic antibiotics and 5 consecutive, daily sessions of HBOT at 2.0 ATA as an adjuvant therapy. No further complaints and no abnormalities were found at the 2-week follow-up evaluation.DiscussionIn our case of SOT, HBOT plays a role to inhibiting the bacterial growth which could lead to post-operative wound infections. A number of studies have incorporated HBOT as an adjuvant therapy for post-operative intra oral wounds which has resulted in minimal wound complications.ConclusionThe use of HBOT as an adjunctive therapy in managing possible wound complications after the resection of an intraoral tumor enables a faster angiogenesis process, reduces tissue hypoxia and minimizes the risk of post-operative wound infections; hence fostering the wound healing process.

53 A Rare Malignant Lesion of the Jaws

Abstract Introduction Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) of the jaw is an incredibly rare lesion with approximately 200 cases reported in the literature. PIOC are mostly asymptomatic incidental radiographic findings and present as poorly-defined, non-corticated radiolucencies often with root resorption and cortical perforation. Prognosis is considered poor and best predicted by histological grade. Case report A gentleman in his 50s presented to his dentist with a draining sinus from his LR6 tooth. A radiograph revealed a non-corticated radiolucency localised to the distal root of the LR6. 7 months later, he returned with pain and mobility of the LR7. Another radiograph revealed a non-corticated radiolucency from around the distal root of the LR6 extending to the LR8. Urgent biopsy of the mandibular bone was arranged by the oral and maxillofacial surgery team. Histopathology revealed the lesion was likely a benign squamous odontogenic tumour. However, it was not possible to exclude a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Correlation of clinical findings, imaging and multidisciplinary team discussion was recommended. Following the MDT meeting, excision of the bony lesion was undertaken. Histopathology this time returned as primary intraosseous carcinoma NOS T4N0M0, thought to have arisen from a radicular cyst associated with the LR6/7. The treatment was right segmental mandibulectomy, fibular free flap, selective neck dissection (I-III) and adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusions This case highlights how subtle radiographic features can represent malignancy in lesions appearing cystic at first. Although rare, clinicians should be aware of PIOC as a differential diagnosis when presented with radiographic features which could represent malignancy.

Squamous Odontogenic Tumor of Posterior Maxilla-A Report of a New Unusual Case & Literature Review

Squamous odontogenic tumor is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor that is very unusual in the maxilla & mandible. Mostly, these are present as single lesions, but rarely they can be multifocal lesions. The nature of maxillary lesions is more aggressive. Because of their benign nature, these lesions are frequently treated with conservative surgical techniques that include curettage and surgical enucleation. We will discuss the instance of a 29-year-old lady who was misdiagnosed and treated conservatively by us. This case was examined in the light of current knowledge of the prevalence, genesis, diagnosis, and treatment of squamous odontogenic tumors, as well as a literature review.

SQUAMOUS ODONTOGENIC TUMOR-LIKE PROLIFERATIONS IN RADICULAR CYST: CASE REPORT

Squamous odontogenic tumor-like proliferations (SOT-LPs) are an uncommon histopathological finding occurring in the fibrous capsule of odontogenic cysts, which share certain microscopic features with squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT). A 36-year-old woman presented with an 18-month history of a painless, slow-growing swelling in the maxilla. Her medical history was unremarkable. Computed tomography revealed a well-defined, unilocular hypodense lesion extending from nonvital tooth #21 to tooth #11, with expansion and rupture of vestibular cortical bone, measuring approximately 1.5 cm. Under the diagnostic hypothesis of radicular cyst, an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological analysis disclosed a cystic cavity lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium exhibiting hyperplasia, exocytosis, and spongiosis. The fibrous capsule revealed conspicuous islands of well-differentiated squamous epithelium, some of them exhibiting foci of microcystic degeneration. The final diagnosis was radicular cyst with SOT-LPs. The patient remains under close follow-up. Squamous odontogenic tumor-like proliferations (SOT-LPs) are an uncommon histopathological finding occurring in the fibrous capsule of odontogenic cysts, which share certain microscopic features with squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT). A 36-year-old woman presented with an 18-month history of a painless, slow-growing swelling in the maxilla. Her medical history was unremarkable. Computed tomography revealed a well-defined, unilocular hypodense lesion extending from nonvital tooth #21 to tooth #11, with expansion and rupture of vestibular cortical bone, measuring approximately 1.5 cm. Under the diagnostic hypothesis of radicular cyst, an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological analysis disclosed a cystic cavity lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium exhibiting hyperplasia, exocytosis, and spongiosis. The fibrous capsule revealed conspicuous islands of well-differentiated squamous epithelium, some of them exhibiting foci of microcystic degeneration. The final diagnosis was radicular cyst with SOT-LPs. The patient remains under close follow-up.

Mandibular squamous odontogenic tumour misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and review of literature

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is an unusual, benign odontogenic tumor presented in close physical relationship to the dentition and originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez in the periodontal ligament or gingival epithelium. It was first described in 1975 by Pullon et al. and there are few cases reported in the literature. The main characteristic of this lesion is a tendency to arise in the molar region of the mandible and in the premolar-canine region of the maxilla with a simultaneously asymptomatic swelling in the alveolar. SOTs are incidental discoveries on routine dental radiographs or panoramic x-rays in many cases. We report a case of a 60-year-old Caucasian woman with SOT of the mandible in the area of the right premolars.

EXTRAFOLICULAR ADENOMATOID TUMOR: A CASE REPORT

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively uncommon lesion, described as a benign neoplasm of ectodermal origin. It presents as a slow-growing lesion, and is often asymptomatic. It is uncommon in patients older than 30 years. Women are affected about twice as often as men. The extrafollicular variant is when the tumor is not associated with an included tooth, being in an interradicular position, causing, in most cases, root divergence. A 39-year-old male patient with an increase in volume in the lower premolar region, but otherwise asymptomatic, sought help. A radiolucent area was observed adjacent to the first and second lower premolars, in a triangular shape causing a divergence of these teeth without root resorption. Diagnostic hypotheses were AOT and squamous odontogenic tumor. An incisional biopsy was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of AOT. The lesion was submitted to enucleation surgery. After 1 year of follow-up, no signs of recurrence could be observed. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively uncommon lesion, described as a benign neoplasm of ectodermal origin. It presents as a slow-growing lesion, and is often asymptomatic. It is uncommon in patients older than 30 years. Women are affected about twice as often as men. The extrafollicular variant is when the tumor is not associated with an included tooth, being in an interradicular position, causing, in most cases, root divergence. A 39-year-old male patient with an increase in volume in the lower premolar region, but otherwise asymptomatic, sought help. A radiolucent area was observed adjacent to the first and second lower premolars, in a triangular shape causing a divergence of these teeth without root resorption. Diagnostic hypotheses were AOT and squamous odontogenic tumor. An incisional biopsy was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of AOT. The lesion was submitted to enucleation surgery. After 1 year of follow-up, no signs of recurrence could be observed.

ROOT CYST IN A DENS INVAGINATUS WITH EPITHELIAL PLAQUES SIMILAR TO SQUAMOUS ODONTOGENIC TUMOR

Periapical lesions related to dens invaginatus are rare and usually involve upper lateral incisors. Its malformation is caused by the invagination of the crown or root in odontogenesis. A 37-year-old female patient presented to the clinic with swelling in the anterior region of the maxilla. Radiographically, cystic lesion between teeth 1.1 and 1.2 was observed with the presence of an invaginated tooth associated with the 1.2. Pulp vitality was positive for both teeth. The lesion was enucleated, and anatomopathologic examination revealed a cystic lesion with a fibrous wall containing epithelial plaques similar to squamous odontogenic tumor and microabscesses. Ten months after surgery there was recurrence of the lesion, and a new enucleation was performed with curettage and removal of the dens invaginated. The histopathologic examination defined the diagnosis as a root cyst associated with a dens invaginated. It has been undergoing follow-up for 10 months with no signs of recurrence.

SQUAMOUS ODONTOGENIC TUMOR: REPORT OF A RARE CASE

A 51-year-old black woman sought care in a hospital because of an asymptomatic lesion involving the left anteroposterior region of the mandible identified in a routine panoramic radiograph. Intraoral physical examination revealed a small expansion of the region. Radiographic examination showed a multilocular radiolucent lesion with well-defined borders in the left side of the mandible, involving elements 31 to 35 and measuring approximately 5 cm in diameter. The treatment consisted of an excisional biopsy complemented with curettage. Histopathologic examination showed fragments of a benign odontogenic neoplasia presenting proliferation of polyhedral and cuboidal epithelial cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, organized in nests, and intermingled by dense connective tissue. Cystic degeneration and individual keratinization of neoplastic cells were also observed. Neoplastic cells were positive in immunohistochemical reactions for cytokeratins 14 (CK14) and 19 (CK19). A diagnosis of squamous odontogenic tumor was established, and the patient remains without signs of recurrence after 18 months. A 51-year-old black woman sought care in a hospital because of an asymptomatic lesion involving the left anteroposterior region of the mandible identified in a routine panoramic radiograph. Intraoral physical examination revealed a small expansion of the region. Radiographic examination showed a multilocular radiolucent lesion with well-defined borders in the left side of the mandible, involving elements 31 to 35 and measuring approximately 5 cm in diameter. The treatment consisted of an excisional biopsy complemented with curettage. Histopathologic examination showed fragments of a benign odontogenic neoplasia presenting proliferation of polyhedral and cuboidal epithelial cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, organized in nests, and intermingled by dense connective tissue. Cystic degeneration and individual keratinization of neoplastic cells were also observed. Neoplastic cells were positive in immunohistochemical reactions for cytokeratins 14 (CK14) and 19 (CK19). A diagnosis of squamous odontogenic tumor was established, and the patient remains without signs of recurrence after 18 months.

Squamous odontogenic tumor–an exceptionally rare neoplasm

The squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is exceptionally rare, benign, locally infiltrative neoplasm of the jaws originating from the rests of Malassez, gingival surface epithelium or from remnants of the dental lamina which is asymptomatic in nature, may present with symptoms of pain and tooth mobility. Radiographic appearance shows a triangular-shaped unilocular radiolucency associated with the roots of erupted, vital teeth. Common site of this tumor is anterior maxilla and the posterior mandible. Histologically, the formation of variable sized nests and cords of uniform, benign-appearing, squamous epithelium with occasional characterize the tumor Vacuolization and keratinization. Here we will present a case of squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) occurring in a12 years-old female in the left side of upper jaw.
 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (2): 43-45

Diagnosis and Treatment of an Odontogenic Epithelial Tumor in a Dog With Features of Squamous Odontogenic Tumor.

A 9-year-old standard poodle presented for a comprehensive oral health assessment and treatment, at which time a left rostral mandibular swelling was recognized. The mass was biopsied and eventually excised by a left rostral mandibulectomy en bloc resection. Histopathology supported the diagnosis of a benign, intraosseous, epithelial tumor that was otherwise unclassified. The clinical, radiological, and histological features of this case are similar to those reported for squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) in humans. This case study relays the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of the first SOT-like tumor in a dog.

Clinico-pathological Correlation of three Cases of Squamous Odontogenic Tumor, a Rare Entity in the Odontogenic Tumor's Arena!

Clinico-pathological Correlation of three Cases of Squamous Odontogenic Tumor, a Rare Entity in the Odontogenic Tumor's Arena!

Benign and malignant odontogenic neoplasms of the jaws show a concordant nondiscriminatory p63/p40 positive immunophenotype

Antibody p40, which recognizes exclusively ΔNp63 but not TAp63, has shown diagnostic utility in salivary gland and sinonasal tract malignancies. Although p63 immunophenotypic characterization of odontogenic lesions has been reported, p40 expression has not been previously studied. We aimed to study p40 immunoreactivity in odontogenic tumors (OTs) and odontogenic cysts (OCs) and to investigate possible discriminatory properties of the combined p63/p40 immunoprofile in OTs and OCs. Fourteen ameloblastomas, 7 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, 6 calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors, 1 squamous odontogenic tumor, 4 primary intraosseous odontogenic carcinomas, 5 calcifying odontogenic cysts, 4 glandular odontogenic cysts, 3 odontogenic keratocysts, 3 dentigerous cysts, and 1 each radicular and orthokeratinized cysts were stained for p63 (4A4) and p40 (BC28) antibodies. Ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, squamous odontogenic tumor, and primary intraosseous odontogenic carcinoma demonstrated concordant p63+/p40+ immunophenotype. P40, similar to p63, highlighted almost all lesional cells of OTs and, overall, the full thickness of the epithelial lining of the cystic areas of OCs and ameloblastoma. The keratin layer of OKC and the adluminal ductal and mucous cells of GOC were p63-/p40-. Both ΔNp63 and TAp63 isoforms are present in neoplastic and developmental odontogenic lesions; and p63/p40 immunophenotype is nondiscriminatory pertaining to benign and malignant OTs and OCs.

Squamous Odontogenic Tumor: a Case Report

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a rare odontogenic tumor. This report describes a case of maxillary SOT. A 20-year-old woman was referred for diagnosis of a maxillary swelling of 9 months duration. Cone beam computed tomography analysis revealed a well-circumscribed, unilocular, and hypodense image located in the left maxilla. An enlargement of the buccal and palatine cortical plates was observed, besides divergence of roots of the left canine and first premolar. An odontogenic cyst or tumor was the main hypothesis of diagnosis. The lesion was excised under general anesthesia. Microscopically, islands of well-differentiated squamous epithelial cells in a mature connective tissue were observed. The tumor islands showed flat to cuboidal cells and exhibited vacuolization and microcystic formation. A diagnosis of SOT was established. After 2 years of treatment, no signs of recurrence were noted. Although uncommon, SOT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiolucent and hypodense periradicular lesions.

Squamous Odontogenic Tumor-Like Proliferation in a Dentigerous Cyst: a Case Report

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a rare and benign neoplasm frequently occurring within the jaws. Interestingly, few case reports that describe SOT-like proliferations located in the wall of an odontogenic cyst have been published. A 42-year-old white man presented with bleeding of the upper gingiva on the right side. Radiographic examination showed a well-defined, circular, radiolucent area, with sclerotic margins involving tooth #18. Diagnosis of a benign cystic odontogenic lesion was made and was supported by results of biopsy using fine-needle aspiration. The entire lesion was excised; microscopy revealed SOT-like proliferations in a dentigerous cyst. After 6 months of follow-up, no recurrence or alteration was observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the seventh case showing SOT-like proliferations in a dentigerous cyst; hence, this clinical entity should be recognized to avoid misdiagnosing a cystic odontogenic tumor.

Squamous odontogenic tumor: A rare tumor of premolar region of mandible: a case report

Background: The squamous odontogenic tumor is characterized as an extremely uncommon amiable neoplasm, beginning from the rests of Malassez, gingival surface epithelium or from remainders of the dental lamina. The squamous odontogenic tumor was first described by Pullon et al. (1975), since that time only 50 cases in the English-language literature in which the microscopic characteristics are frequently very well demonstrated. The characteristic radiographic appearance is that of a triangular shaped unilocular radiolucency associated with the roots of erupted teeth and has a predilection for the anterior maxilla and the posterior mandible.Methods: We reported a case of squamous odontogenic tumor occurring in a 40-year-old female in the premolar are of mandible with common localization and appearance. The tumor underwent surgical excision for histopathological examination and confirming diagnosis, followed by total resection of the tumor and using demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and collagen membrane to fill defect.Results: Histological examination revealed a proliferation of mature stratified squamous epithelial islands in a dense fibrous connective stroma and the diagnosis of squamous odontogenic tumor was confirmed.Conclusions: Although squamous odontogenic tumor is a rare tuomr which arise from the rest of Malassez, but it should be listed as a differential diagnosis and confirmed with histopathological examination, it should be treated first conservatively, but upon recurrence a more aggressive line of treatment is to be followed.