Spring Barley Grain Research Articles

Influence of foliar fertilization of plants with humid preparations on the productivity of spring barley in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The article analyzes the current state and improvement of elements of the technology of growing valuable forage and food crops, spring barley in Ukraine. It is noted that in recent years the area under large crops and the yield of this crop have decreased significantly. It is emphasized that further improvement of technologies should be focused on the transition to more use of biological agents to increase yields. Researchers have shown that the effectiveness of the use of humid preparations GK-6M, GK-4MK, GK-MK - on crops of spring barley Dokuchaivsky 15, due to foliar feeding of plants in the tiller ring phase. The main justification of the article is the results of field research conducted in 2015–2019. Maximum indicators, namely: increase in leaf area by 46–38 %, stem height by 8,3 cm; the number of grains in the ear – 4,8 pieces; ear lengths – 1,9 cm; mass of grain in the ear – 0,33 g; masses of 1000 grains – at 12,0 %; nature of grain – 34,9 g – was obtained by treating plants with humid preparation GK-6M. Foliar feeding of plants in the tiller ring phase with the studied drugs provided the largest increase in the yield of spring barley grain – 1,08 t/ha, provided the use of growth stimulant GK-6M. A slightly smaller effect of foliar fertilization of plants on the yield of spring barley was observed from the growth stimulator GK-4MK – the increase in grain yield was 0,83 t/ha and from the growth stimulant GK-MK – the increase in grain yield – 0,66 t/ha. The obtained increments are significant, mathematically proven. Further improvement of agrotechnologies due to wider use of biological means of increase of productivity and quality of production is offered. Keywords: spring barley, plant growth stimulants, foliar feeding, yield.

Yield of barley grain and returns of fertilizers when applying different doses in the Vologda region

The article presents studies conducted in 2015 - 2018. in the field of stationary long-term experience. It was found that the studied fertilization systems made it possible to increase the yield of spring barley grain from 90 to 120% in comparison with the control, nitrogen removal of 1 ton of grain with the corresponding amount of straw - by 4-6 kg. The payment for the applied fertilizer systems was the highest in the variant where 44 kg of a.i. / ha were applied. An increase in fertilizer doses up to 210-230 and more kg a.i. / ha showed a tendency towards a decrease in the payment for fertilizers by the crop.

ПОДВИЖНОСТЬ СИЛИКАТОВ, ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТОЙ ПОЧВЫ, БИОАККУМУЛЯЦИЯ КРЕМНИЯ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР ПОД ДЕЙСТВИЕМ ЦЕОЛИТА

ПОДВИЖНОСТЬ СИЛИКАТОВ, ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТОЙ ПОЧВЫ, БИОАККУМУЛЯЦИЯ КРЕМНИЯ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР ПОД ДЕЙСТВИЕМ ЦЕОЛИТА

MOBILITY OF SILICON, FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, BIOACCUMULATION OF SILICON AND YIELDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ZEOLITE

MOBILITY OF SILICON, FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, BIOACCUMULATION OF SILICON AND YIELDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ZEOLITE

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ВИДА ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И БИОПРЕПАРАТА БИСОЛБИФИТ

The purpose of the study is to identify the effectiveness of various types of fertilizers and biologics Bisolbifit on the yield and quality indicators of spring barley grain. Experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 in Ulyanovsk region. The soil of the experimental site is represented by leached Chernozem, heavy loam. The scheme of experience included two factors. Factor A-control; pre-sowing seed treatment with Bisolbifit; NPK in pure form at a dose of 15 kg of active substance per hectare; modified NPK (NPKm) at a dose of 15 kg of active substance per hectare; modified NPK (1/2 NPKm) at a dose of 7.5 kg of active substance per hectare. Factor B (background): zero-without fertilizers; pure ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) at a dose of 40 kg of active substance per hectare; modified ammonium nitrate (1/2 NH4NO3m) at a dose of 20 kg of active substance per hectare. Inoculation of seeds with a biological preparation was performed by semi-dry etching 1...2 days before sowing at a dose of 400...600 g per hectare of seeds. For the preparation of modified NPK and ammonium nitrate, the biological preparation Bisolbifit was used in a dose of 4 kg per 1 ton of fertilizers. The drug was applied to mineral fertilizer granules on the day of sowing. All types of fertilizers and biologics studied led to an increase in yield. The use of mineral fertilizers in pure form (untreated with biologics) increased the yield by 0.26...0.41 t/ha, modified – by 0.38...0.54 t/ha, biologics – by 0.06...0.19 t/ha, compared with the control (2.67 t/ha). The use of fertilizers and biologics increased the weight of 1000 grains – the best options were with modified NPK at a dose of 15 kg d. V./ha-49.4...53.0 g. the quality indicators of the studied agricultural practices did not have a significant impact. The highest payback of fertilizers by increasing the yield was recorded in the variant with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Bisolbifit biologics and amounted to 7.7...11.4 kg/kg

Вплив щільності будови та вологості ґрунту на продуктивність інтенсивного та напівінтенсивного сортів ячменю ярого

Goal. To determine the influence of agrophysical parameters of arable soil layer on the productivity of spring barley varieties of different types of intensity under conditions of application of mineral fertilizers on the example of typical deep low humus deep-boiling heavy loam on loess-like loam chernozem of the Left Bank part of Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Laboratory-analytical, laboratory-model, field (small-area), mathematical-statistical, computational. Results. The improvement of conditions of germination, development, and increase of biological mass of cultivars of the studied culture at soil density and humidity at the level of 1.2 g/cm3 and 80% of the lowest moisture content (LMC) in comparison with compacted soil is established. The optimal values of structure density and soil moisture are determined, which ensure the maximum biomass of intensive variety of spring barley Vzirets: 1.2 g/cm3 and 100% of LMC (at the application of 90 kg/ha of the active substance (a.s.) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers); semi-intensive variety Zdobutok: 1.2 g/cm3 and 80% of LMC (at the application of 45 kg/ha of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and 90 kg/ha of potassium fertilizers). In the course of field research, a decrease in the use of nutrients from the soil was revealed: nitrogen by 4.0% — for intensive and 2.0% — for semi-intensive varieties; phosphorus — by 3.4 and 4.7%; potassium — by 10.7 and 6.3%, respectively, at a high (1.4 g/cm3) level of compaction compared to its low (1.0 g/cm3) level. Under the same conditions, a decrease in the yield of spring barley grain was revealed: intensive variety — by 25, semi-intensive — by 22%. Conclusions. According to the results of experimental studies, the complex influence of soil moisture and compaction levels was revealed and their optimal parameters were established for growing intensive and semi-intensive varieties of spring barley, which achieved their maximum yield in soil fertilization.

Chemical composition and risk assessment of spring barley grown in artificially contaminated soil.

A model contaminated system was developed to determine mechanisms of napthalene bioaccumulation and effect on the mineral composition of spring barley grain and straw grown in the Calcari-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The soil was mixed with green waste compost and spiked with naphthalene which concentration varied from 0 to 500ppm. Obtained results indicate that naphthalene additive at the concentration rate from 100 to 500ppm reduced spring barley germination. The significant lower weight of green mass per pot, one plant weight and mass of 1000 grains were observed in the amendment with the highest naphthalene concentration (500ppm). It was determined the daily intake (ED) of 16PAHs via spring barley grain and incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR). Estimated ED and ILCR of 16PAHs via spring barley ranged from 1.00 to 3.78ngday-1 and 3.79 to 14.3 × 10-5 respectively. It should be noted that obtained results are higher around 10 times compared to previous studies performed using wheat grain. This study presents the mechanisms of naphthalene bioaccumulation and effect on the mineral composition of the most common agricultural plant spring barley grain and straw. Spring barley grain was found to have a higher content of nitrogen (N), boron (B) and phosphorous (P), whereas straw had a higher content of potassium (K), sodium (Na), chromium (Cr) and calcium (Ca).

Вплив систем удобрення з елементами біологізації й обробітку на урожайність, економічну й енергетичну ефективність ячменю ярого

The influence of the application of fertilizers with green manure and soil treatment on the yield, economic and energy efficiency of spring barley has been studied. The aim of the work was to identify the impact of the implemented tillage systems with elements of minimization and fertilization with elements of biologization on the productivity and economic performance of spring barley. It is established that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the aftereffect of application of high norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on typical chernozem has a positive effect on spring barley yield, increasing it, compared to control, by 0.55–1.10 t/ha per plowing, by 0, 65–1.35 t/ha for deep tillage and 0.55–1.30 t/ha for shallow tillage. It was found that the highest crop yield (3.85 t/ha) was obtained against after shallow tillage and aftereffects of fertilizer application with manure. The use of fertilizers helped to increase the protein content in the grain of spring barley. The influence of tillage systems on the protein content of barley was reliably noted only in the variant of fertilizers with straw & green manure. The use of shallow tillage with organic manure and fertilizer provides a decrease of 142.9 UAH/t of the cost of production, an increase of 886 UAH/ha of net profit and a 21.2% reduction in energy consumption compared to plowing.

Yield and quality of spring cereals depending on cultivation conditions

The purpose of the study is to identify the optimal sowing time and the predecessor to obtain high-quality grain of spring durum wheat and spring barley in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Object of study: varieties of spring durum wheat – Jemchujina Sibiri and Omskij corund; varieties of spring barley – Omskij 90 and Beatrice. The sowing was held on May 7, 14, 21, 28 and June 4. The biochemical assessment of grain quality indicators included the content of raw gluten, protein, starch, crude fat, grain hardness, grain unit. The fallow sowing of spring durum wheat on May 7 increased the values of the thousand grain weight, grain hardness, gluten, protein, color of dry pasta; when sowing from May 14 to 28 – yields, grain unit, color of dry pasta for cereals. For spring barley, an increase in yield and protein content was observed during sowing on May 14; during sowing on June 4 – protein and oil content. Fallow sowing made it possible to increase yield and grain quality both in varieties of spring durum wheat and spring barley.

Features of the heavy metals content accumulation in grain of spring barley varieties (Hordeum sativum) for different applications as affected by the duration of storage

Purpose. Investigate the content of heavy metals in spring barley varieties for different applications depending on the duration of grain storage.
 Methods. Laboratory, analytical, statistical.
 Results. It was found that the studied varieties, regardless of the application had an individual accumulation of heavy metals. Grain varieties have an inverse relationship with the intensity of lead concentration in the grain of spring barley: the longer the storage, the lower its content in the grain. The accumulation of heavy metals of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in the grain of spring barley varieties of grain use allows us to note that with increasing storage, their content decreases. It was found that the accumulation of heavy metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the grain of spring barley for grain increases as affected by the storage period. There was a decrease in zinc content after a month of storage and depending on varietal characteristics. A slight increase, in the varieties of the brewery application was found after three and six months of grain storage. When analyzing the data, it can be noted that after nine months and a year of storage, there was an increase in the copper content, but to the maximum permitted level.
 Conclusions. Varieties of spring barley, regardless of the application, had an individual accumulation of heavy metals. Varieties ‘Stalker’ and ‘Ahrarii’ are sensitive to lead: the content of this element immediately after threshing was 1.08 mg/kg and 1.12 mg/kg. A month later, these figures were 0.73 mg/kg and 1.02 mg/kg. Storage of spring barley grain for 9 and 12 months shows that the accumulation of cadmium has increased compared to the indicators obtained immediately after threshing. Thus, in the varieties ‘Stalker’ this figure was 0.09 mg/kg, and in ‘Ahrarii’ 0.13 and 0.014 mg/kg. The most sensitive to the accumulation of copper (Cu) immediately after threshing were varieties ‘Ahrarii’ with 3.00 mg/kg and ‘Vzirets’ with 2.56 mg/kg, and the lowest content had varieties ‘Shchedryk’ with 2.27 mg/kg and ‘Stalker’ with 2.31 mg/kg. ‘Enei’ variety of universal application was characterizing by a lower content of heavy metals in comparison with grain varieties. In spring malting barley, depending on the duration of grain storage, it was found that as in previous grain and universal application, the content of heavy metals accumulates differently depending on the varietal characteristics.

Subsoil compaction effect on spatio-temporal root growth, reuse of biopores and crop yield of spring barley

Subsoil compaction in arable farming caused by increasingly heavy machinery results in increased subsoil strength and reduced aeration and water flow. This can restrict root growth and reduce crop yield. To mitigate these effects of subsoil compaction, we included a deep-rooted catch crop of fodder radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleifera) in a rotation of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare). The objective was to determine the effect of subsoil compaction on root growth and grain yield of barley, and to investigate the creation and use of biopores for subsequent root growth. Studies were carried out in 2013–2016 in a soil compaction experiment established in 2010 on a sandy loam. The soil had for four consecutive years (2010–2013) been compacted with multi-passes in an 8 Mg wheel load treatment (M8) or had not been compacted (Control). Spring barley was grown every year and fodder radish was grown as a catch crop from harvest to winter in 2013–2016. Penetration resistance to 90 cm depth was measured in 2015 at a soil water content near field capacity. Root growth and biopore reuse were investigated using horizontal minirhizotrons installed at 30, 50 and 70 cm depth from 2013–2016. Spring barley grain yield was recorded annually. We found that M8 caused critical subsoil compaction with penetration resistance peaking at 3.5 MPa in the upper subsoil (30−40 cm depth). Subsoil compaction reduced root growth by c. 50 % at 30 cm depth and barley yields by 6–8 % compared to the Control in three years after cessation of the compaction treatment. The number of biopores that were reused were higher for fodder radish than for spring barley, 4.1 % and 3.1 %, respectively, but did not differ between compaction treatments. Our study displayed a marked, negative residual effect of soil compaction on above- and belowground crop growth. There was no tendency towards a recovery within the years studied (1–3 years after compaction). Severe subsoil compaction is a widespread problem and therefore we call for more studies on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the creation and subsequent use of biopores for root growth as these are essential for the recovery of compacted subsoils.

The influence of direct sowing methods on the growth and productivity of spring barley in the conditions of the north-eastern part of Ukraine

The article presents the results of studies to determine the efficiency of growing spring barley depending on the methods of direct sowing in technology, which is based on the use of combined machines. It is proved that due to the use of a direct sowing seeder, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil, in front of the openers of which wavy discs are installed, the grain yield increases on average by 20 % compared to the control. Moving at high speed, the wavy discs loosen relatively narrow soil strips into which the seeds are laid by the openers, this makes it possible to more efficiently retain moisture, which subsequently significantly affects the dynamics of seedlings and the yield level of spring barley grain. The smallest weed infestation of crops was in the case of sowing with a seeder with combined cutting-type working bodies and disc coulter systems with support-press wheels. Weeds were counted after the emergence of barley seedlings. The greatest soil hardness was observed when using a seeder with disc working bodies, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil. Statistical processing of the data indicates that depth has the greatest effect on soil hardness, its influence accounted for 96 %. The force of impact on soil hardness of sowing methods was 0.76 %. The density of the soil in the zone of development of the root system of plants in all variants of the experiment did not go beyond the optimum. Before harvesting, the moisture content of the upper soil layers in variants with direct sowing was 3–5 % higher, and the moisture content of the lower layers was less by 1–2 % than in the control (the reliability of the data was determined using Fisher's criterion and was 95 %, and the difference between experimental options was significant). Key words: yield of barley, sowing, method, technologies, seeders, quality, local loosening.

ЗАСВОЄННЯ І ВИНЕСЕННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ЖИВЛЕННЯ ЯЧМЕНЕМ ЯРИМ ЗА РІЗНОГО УДОБРЕННЯ

The influence of long-term application of different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in grain and straw of spring barley has been established. The study was held in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relative nutrients removal by spring barley depending on the doses of different types of fertilizers and their combinations in the field crop rotation is calculated. It is shown that the content of basic nutrients in the harvest of spring barley (grain and straw) significantly depends on the content of their mobile compounds in the soil. This is especially true of nitrogen and less of potassium. Economic removal of nutrients from the grain harvest of spring barley depends on the doses of fertilizers in the field crop rotation and the ratio of nutrients in them. The largest share is nitrogen (65–122 kg / ha), followed by K2O - 47–92 and P2O5 26–51 kg / ha. From 1 ton of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, spring barley of the Commander variety removes 19.2–22.4 kg of nitrogen, 7.8–9.2 - P2O5 and 14.0–16.8 kg of K2O from the soil, depending on the fertilizer and saturation of field crop rotation with different types of fertilizers. Straw is an important source of soil organic matter reproduction and the return of nutrients used for crop formation. Depending on the system of fertilization, 17–25% of nitrogen, 25–30% of phosphorus and 68–69% of potassium are returned to the soil with spring barley straw via economic removal. It is specified that spring barley of the Commander variety absorbs N, P2O5 and K2O in the following ratio: 1: 0,4: 0,3 to form a unit of grain yield and the corresponding amount of straw in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.

Possibilities of using biofuel ash in the cultivation of spring barley

Wood biofuel ash is a complex and heterogeneous mixture of inorganic crystalline and amorphous minerals together with organic matter. Biofuel ash is usually enriched with K, P, Ca and Mg, which are essential macronutrients for plant growth. Currently, a large proportion of biofuel ash is disposed of in landfills. However, ash processed into granular products can be used as a stand-alone or additional mineral fertilizer in agriculture. The aim of the research is to determine the chemical composition of biofuel ash and evaluate its suitability for the production of ash granules; also to evaluate the yield of spring barley grain and straw fertilized with bulk and granular biofuel ash, and the correlation between the yield and the amount of K2O applied by different fertilization products. The experiment was carried out in 2017–2018. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd) and microelements (Zn and Cu) in wood biofuel ash did not exceed the permissible norms, and from them it was possible to produce fertilization products (ash granules) and use them in a vegetation experiment. During the experiment, it was found that the fertilization products significantly (P < 0.05) increased the yield of grown spring barley grains and straw in both years of the study, and the performed correlation regression analysis was positively strong in both years of the study (P < 0.01). The yield of spring barley increased with the increase of K2O content in fertilizer products.

Sensitivity of Trogoderma graminarium Ev. to the Action of Ionizing Radiation

The effect of different doses and dose rates of gamma radiation on the viability of khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium (larval stage) was studied in laboratory experiments in 2019–2020. The pest-infested grain of spring barley of the Nur variety was irradiated on a GUR-120 unit at dose ranges of 50–450 Gy (dose rate 100, 500, and 950 Gy/h) and 500–1000 Gy (dose rate 950 Gy/h). The irradiation of the khapra beetle at the dose range of 50–450 Gy and at a dose rate of 100 Gy/h caused a total mortality of larvae at doses of 350 and 450 Gy after 7 days, 100 and 300 Gy after 8 days, and 50, 150, 200, 250, and 400 Gy only after 14–17 days. The irradiation of larvae in the same dose range but at a rate of 500 Gy/h led to a more extended mortality rate of the pest population: 8 days at 400 Gy, 12 days at 200 and 300 Gy, 14 days at 350 Gy, and 18 days at doses of 50, 100, 250, and 450 Gy. At 150 Gy, the mortality rate reached 90% on the 14th day and remained at this level for 9 days, which can be explained by different ages of the pest larvae. When the dose rate was increased to 950 Gy/h, the dynamics of the death of khapra beetle larvae demonstrated a long plateau at doses of 350 and 450 Gy at a mortality rate of 70–90%, which caused a delay in their total death up to 20–24 days. The irradiation of the pest in the dose range of 500–1000 Gy at a radiation dose rate of 950 Gy/h proved to be more effective: the total mortality of the larvae was recorded on the fifth to sixth day. Ionizing radiation did not have a significant effect on the content of proteins, fat, fiber, dry matter, and nitrogen-free extractives in barley grain. The ash content statistically significantly changed under the effect of irradiation, but it was, however, no more than 3–6%.

Impact of selected agrochemical treatments on the content of molybdenum in grain of winter wheat and spring barley grown on lessive soil developed from loess

Impact of selected agrochemical treatments on the content of molybdenum in grain of winter wheat and spring barley grown on lessive soil developed from loess

THE EFFECT OF SOWING DATES AND NITROGEN FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON SPRING BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY UNDER CONDITIONS OF RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE

In order to maximize the potential of productivity of spring barley varieties, it is important to optimize the conditions for plant growth and development, which are, first of all, provided by the latest intensive agricultural technologies, which provide for the correct placement of crops in crop rotation after the respective precursors; optimal supply of plants with nutrients, taking into account their content in the soil; fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers during the growing season by phases of growth and stages of organogenesis; the use of retardants, integrated protection of plants against weeds, pests, diseases, timely and quality implementation of all agrotechnical measures. Research to study the effectiveness of different terms of spring barley sowing and doses of nitrogen fertilizers were conducted during 2018 - 2019 in the conditions of the research field of VSAU v. Agronomichne of Vinnytsia region on gray ashed soils. Weather conditions during the years of the research differed from the average long-term data with high temperature conditions and low rainfall, and accordingly the most favorable year for the growth and development of spring barley was 2018. It is shown the 2-years investigation results on study the effect of sowing dates and nitrogen fertilizations on productivity elements and quality indexes of spring barley grain under conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe on gray forest soils. Accordingly, the highest levels of harvest of barley cultivars at different sowing dates were obtained under conditions of 2018. t should also be noted that the delay of sowing by 6 days in the years of research leads to a decrease in the yield level on average for all varieties by 0,42 – 0,64 t / ha, and a delay of 14 days leads to a decrease by 1,37 – 1,80 t / ha. The use of nitrogen fertilizers leads to an increase in the yield level of both cultivated varieties, and the highest crop yields of the Svarog variety were obtained in the experiment where the background + N60 was applied in the foliar fertilization (4,87 t / ha), and the lowest respectively in the control variant 3,16 t /ha, in the Armax variety a similar situation is observed, however, with lower indicators respectively 4,54 and 3,06 t / ha. The lowest values of protein content in the grain were obtained in the control variant where only N17 P17 K17 was applied to rows when sowing, and the use of nitrogen fertilization leads to an increase in this indicator and the highest values obtained in the variant of experiment 4, where Background (N17 P17 K17) + N60 in the foliar fertilization on the feeding phase of the tube exit. Key words: spring barley, nitrogen fertilizers, elements of the crop structure, yield, quality of production.

FOLIAR FEEDING AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING THE LEVEL OF GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY

The article presents the results of spring barley crops and the effect of foliar fertilization on them. Prospects and effectiveness of biological products as a basic fertilizer for cereals. Spring barley is a valuable food, fodder and technical crop. Pearl barley and barley groats are made from vitreous and coarse-grained two-row barley grain. Most barley is used for feed purposes. In 1 kg. grain contains 1.2 feed units and 100 g of digestible protein. Spring barley contains a lot of protein (9-12%), carbohydrates (70-75%), pentazoles (7-11%), sucrose (1.7-2%), fiber (3.8-5.5%), fat (1.6-2%), ash (2-3%). Spring barley grain is characterized by high nutritional value and is widely used in feed production, confectionery, brewing. However, in the dynamics of its yield there are significant fluctuations, which is associated with both agro-climatic conditions and organizational and economic. Having a short growing season, underdeveloped root system, the culture is quite demanding on the provision of basic factors of plant life, including nutrients. The system of fertilization of spring barley is determined primarily by predecessors. It has a valuable ability to make the best use of the aftereffects of organic and mineral fertilizers applied to the previous crop. If spring barley is sown after well-fertilized row crops (sugar beet, potatoes), under which 40-50 t / ha of manure and mineral fertilizers are applied within N80P80K80 - N120P120K120, then fertilizers are not applied directly under barley at all. Against this background, barley with proper care can form 40-50 kg / ha of grain. It is clear that in case of incomplete supply of sugar beets or potatoes with fertilizers, barley will require additional application of macronutrients. Barley responds very well to fertilizer application, especially in conditions of sufficient moisture. The increase in yield from mineral fertilizers can reach 15-20 kg / ha. To prevent lodging of plants, it is necessary to ensure the correct ratio of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Given the condition of the soil cover and low volumes of fertilizer application, we consider the issues of optimization of mineral nutrition of spring barley to be relevant and in need of refinement. An important component of the plant nutrition system is the use of microfertilizers. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to establish the reaction of spring barley to the complex use of microfertilizers, crop formation and grain quality in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine [3] Key words: spring barley, foliar feeding, biological products.

Physicochemical Characterization of Pelletized Lime Kiln Dust as Potential Liming Material for Acidic Soils

Lime kiln dust (LKD) is a fine particulate material by-product produced during the lime burning processes. Current reuse options are chiefly focused on reuse in the cement industry which are limited by the inherent porosity of this by-product. Due to the presence of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and other elements which can serve as micronutrients to the plants, LKD has the potential to be used as a replacement for conventional liming materials for both soil pHKCl increase and plant supplement with secondary major- (Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn and Ni). The work described here outlines the investigation of physicochemical properties of pelletized LKD materials and their effect on soil pHKCl, available Ca and Mg content in the soil as well as straw and grain yields of spring barley. LKD were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis, while detailed chemical analysis of both pelletized LKD and soil was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Pellet size and major element composition were used as chief indicators for the liming capacity of LKD. It was shown that low acidic soil (pHKCl 5.4) can be conditioned using fine (0.1–2 mm) pelletized LKD due to the high release rates while coarse pellets (5–8 mm) did not significantly increase available Ca and Mg content in soil and did not reach optimum pHKCl range even after 48 weeks. The highest application rate of LKD at 4 t/ha increased spring barley grain yield compared to control but the increase was not statistically significant. Thus, pelletized lime kiln dust could be a potential alternative to natural limestone or dolomite minerals as liming material for acid soils with the pellet size determining the liming kinetics.

Вплив доз і співвідношень добриву польовій сівозміні на врожайність і якість зерна ячменю ярого

Вплив доз і співвідношень добриву польовій сівозміні на врожайність і якість зерна ячменю ярого