Spread Of Pests Research Articles

Evaluating the biocontrol potential of insects auxiliary and bio- insecti-cide extracted from Citrullus colocynthis against Parlatoria blanchardi in date palm in Saoura Oases, Algeria

Saoura, is an Algerian desert region, characterized by a height density of date palm trees (more than 300000).Despite this high density, the produc-tion of dates has seen a continuous decrease due to multiple reasons includ-ing increasing water salinity, the spread of many fungal diseases and insect pests where the most serious is Parlatoria blanchardi. The random use of Malathion during the invasions of desert locusts caused an ecological imbal-ance, where the majority of the natural enemies of date palm scale (DPS) disappeared, as consequence the population of DPS expanded increasingly. This study aims to find alternative methods to control pests taking into con-sideration the ecological balance. For this purpose, three entomofauna in-ventories were carried out to study the dynamics of insect populations and for introduction and acclimatization of new auxiliary insects to biocontrol the large infestation of DPS. we also looked to find a biodegradable insecticide extracted from Citrullus colocynthis (desert plant pariah by insects due to its toxicity). By comparing the results we noticed that effectiveness of the colo-cynth aquatic extracts on the target insect was as high as 65.99 % however it’s side effects on ecosystem were negligible unlike Malathion which exter-minated over than 301 non-target insects where 68% are useful such as bees, butterflies, some entomophagous insects and even some vertebrate such as Oenanthe leucopyga. Finally, a phytochemical screening and toxico-logical studies are recommended to determine exactly which component in colocynth is more effective on DPS and its undesirable effect on human health.

Many ways to land upright: novel righting strategies allow spotted lanternfly nymphs to land on diverse substrates.

Unlike large animals, insects and other very small animals are so unsusceptible to impact-related injuries that they can use falling for dispersal and predator evasion. Reorienting to land upright can mitigate lost access to resources and predation risk. Such behaviours are critical for the spotted lanternfly (SLF) (Lycorma delicatula), an invasive, destructive insect pest spreading rapidly in the USA. High-speed video of SLF nymphs released under different conditions showed that these insects self-right using both active midair righting motions previously reported for other insects and novel post-impact mechanisms that take advantage of their ability to experience near-total energy loss on impact. Unlike during terrestrial self-righting, in which an animal initially at rest on its back uses appendage motions to flip over, SLF nymphs impacted the surface at varying angles and then self-righted during the rebound using coordinated body rotations, foot-substrate adhesion and active leg motions. These previously unreported strategies were found to promote disproportionately upright, secure landings on both hard, flat surfaces and tilted, compliant host plant leaves. Our results highlight the importance of examining biomechanical phenomena in ecologically relevant contexts, and show that, for small animals, the post-impact bounce period can be critical for achieving an upright landing.

Phytosanitary risk associated with illegal importation of pest-infested commodities to the South African agricultural sector

We evaluated the phytosanitary risk associated with illegal importation of pest-infested plant commodities into South Africa. Samples were collected from different South African ports of entry over 8 years (2011 to 2019) and data were analysed descriptively using Statistical Software Package. Pests were frequently detected on commodity species such as Citrus (18.31%), Zea mays (13.22%), Phaseolus vulgaris (12.88%), Musa spp. (9.15%) and Fragaria ananassa (5.08%). The highest number of pests intercepted occurred on fresh fruits (44.06%), followed by grains (26.44%) and vegetables (14.23%). The most intercepted organisms were Callosobruchus rhodesianus (7.79%), Dysmicoccus brevipes (7.11%), Callosobruchus maculates (6.10%) and Phyllosticta citricarpa (4.74%). The majority of intercepted organisms were non-quarantine organisms (70.50%), followed by pests of unknown status (17.28%), quarantine pests (10.84%) and potential quarantine pests (1.35%). Phyllosticta citricarpa, Bactrocera dorsalis, Spodoptera frugiperda and Prostephanus truncatus were the only quarantine pests intercepted in terms of South African regulatory status. The interception was mainly from southern African countries, particularly Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Eswatini. The findings present the level of phytosanitary risk associated with illegal importation and/or non-compliance in regard to plants and plant commodities from different countries through South African ports of entry. Crop production, biodiversity, food security, existing export markets, and access to new export markets could be threatened as importing countries may impose stringent phytosanitary measures to limit the chances of introduction and establishment of quarantine pests into their territories. Significance
 
 Illegal importation of plant commodities may lead to the introduction, establishment and spread of pests that are of quarantine significance to South Africa.
 Introduction of pest species such as Phyllosticta citricarpa, Bactrocera dorsalis, Spodoptera frugiperda and Prostephanus truncatus into South Africa could result in undesirable impacts on the ecosystem, agriculture, biodiversity and economy of the country.
 Access to new export markets of plant commodities could be threatened as importing countries may impose stringent phytosanitary measures to limit the chances of introduction and establishment of these quarantine pests into their territories.

New Paradigm on Plant Quarantine System for Protection of Biological Diversity in Indonesia

Plant quarantine system becomes an important pillar in the protection of biological diversities from the threat of plant pests and diseases. The implementation of plant quarantine system currently covers prevention of spread of quarantine pests, food safety, food quality, genetic resources and bio-agents, as well as invasive alien species and genetically modified organism. During 2014 to 2018, a total of 232 frequency intercepted of quarantine pests of viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, and weeds have been detected. These pests associated with plant materials from various countries in Asia, Europe, the United States, Australia and Africa that may potentially threaten biological diversities when dispersed within Indonesian territory. Implementation of risk analysis and appropriate level of protection consideration can be clustered in to pre-border, at-border, and post-border activities in order to mitigate the risk of quarantine pests and biosafety monitoring into Indonesian territory. Utilizing advances in pest detection technology in the industrial era 4.0 could provide benefits in the agricultural sectors. Various detection technologies using drones and bio-sensors have contributed in the field of plant protection, especially as pest detection and monitoring tools in the field. Furthermore, the establishment of proficiency certification agency for plant quarantine systems may contribute efficient and effective operations in the near future.

Comparison of X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to detect pest-infested fruits: A pilot study

Non-destructive testing (NDT) technology is a widely used inspection method for agricultural products. Compared with the conventional inspection method, there is no extensive sample preparation for NDT technology, and the sample is not damaged. In particular, NDT technology is used to inspect the internal structure of agricultural products infested by pests. The introduction and spread of pests during the import and export process can cause significant damage to the agricultural environment. Until now, pest detection in agricultural products and quarantine processes have been challenging because they used external inspection methods. However, NDT technology is advantageous in these inspection situations. In this pilot study, we investigated the feasibility of X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify pest infestation in agricultural products. Three kinds of artificially pest-infested fruits (mango, tangerine, and chestnut) were non-destructively inspected using X-ray CT and MRI. X-ray CT was able to identify all pest infestations in fruits, while MRI could not detect the pest-infested chestnut. In addition, X-ray CT was superior to the quarantine process than MRI based on the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image acquisition time, and cost. Therefore, X-ray CT is more appropriate for the pest quarantine process of fruits than MRI.

Host utilization by the pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii): suitability, preference and offspring performance.

Host plant selection is a key factor affecting the survival, population establishment, and spread of herbivorous insect pests. The pepper weevil is one of the most important pests of cultivated pepper in North America with a capacity to rapidly expand its geographic range, in part through its ability to switch between cultivated and wild Solanaceous host plants. Towards a better management of this pest, this study examined metrics of pepper weevil host use including oviposition preference, development time, and successful offspring emergence on wild Solanaceous species and cultivated pepper cultivars. Pepper weevil successfully developed within fruit of several Solanaceous species including eastern black (Solanum ptycanthum) and climbing nightshade (S. dulcamara), in which development time was on average 4 days faster relative to Capsicum annuum cv. jalapeno peppers. Oviposition events occurred in all fruit types assessed and no strong host preference was detected among these. However, the number of emerged offspring was significantly lower than the number of oviposition events in C. chinense cv. habanero pepper fruit. Although not all nightshade species are suitable hosts for pepper weevil development, those permissive to offspring production do allow for faster development than in C. annuum peppers. While host preference was not detected among fruit types tested, low offspring emergence from fruit with high capsaicin content suggests a reduced ability of pepper weevil to tolerate high concentrations of this metabolite. These findings help elucidate the factors influencing pepper weevil bionomics, and their implications on pepper weevil management are discussed. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Forest Biosecurity in Canada – An Integrated Multi-Agency Approach

In Canada, forest biosecurity is primarily under federal jurisdiction as the federal government is the signatory to the International Plant Protection Convention and other international trade agreements. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), which is Canada’s National Plant Protection Organization, has the mandate of analyzing risks, setting policy, and managing incursion responses related to forest biosecurity. Other federal government agencies play important roles; the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) enforces regulations at international ports of entry and the Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources Canada conducts research and analysis in support of the development and implementation of phytosanitary regulations. The provinces and territories also manage invasive species through implementing regulations to prevent the spread of established forest pests. This paper outlines the regulatory framework for forest biosecurity within Canada, and provides case studies of species that have invaded Canadian forests or are anticipated to do so in the near future.

Diagnostic method based DL approach to detect the lack of elements from the leaves of diseased plants

The main problem in agriculture is the attack of diseases on the leaves of plants and the spread of agricultural pests. For this reason, we will present how to treat certain phenomena of disease in plants, or how to prevent and do the precautionary measures to adopt a modern method to diagnose the deficiency of the leaves elements of the diseased plants. Thus, the deep learning is the most appropriate solution to detect the properties of the leaves and is essential in the tracking of large fields of crops as well as automatically detecting the symptoms of the leaves characteristics as soon as they appear on the plants leaves. In this paper, we clarified the Transfer Learning (TL) architecture for VGG-16 and the other architecture like ResNet to detect plants that suffer from diseases in the sheet due to a lack of ingredient using a set of increased data based on the leaves of healthy and unhealthy plants alike. The experimental results show that significant detection accuracy improvement has been achieved thanks to our proposed model compared to other reported methods.

Evaluating the success of treatments that slow spread of an invasive insect pest.

Treatments for the suppression and eradication of insect populations undergo substantial testing to ascertain their efficacy and safety, but the generally limited spatial and temporal scope of such studies limit knowledge of how contextual factors encountered in operational contexts shape the relative success of pest management treatments. These contextual factors potentially include ecological characteristics of the treated area, or the timing of treatments relative to pest phenology and weather events. We used an extensive database on over 1000 treatments of nascent populations of Lymantria dispar (L.) (gypsy moth) to examine how place-based and time-varying conditions shape the success of management treatments. We found treatment success to vary across states and years, and to be highest in small treatment blocks that are isolated from other populations. In addition, treatment success tended to be lower in treatment blocks with open forest canopies, possibly owing to challenges of effectively distributing treatments in these areas. Our findings emphasize the importance of monitoring for early detection of nascent gypsy moth colonies in order to successfully slow the spread of the invasion. Additionally, operations research should address best practices for effectively treating with patchy and open forest canopies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Medicine in philately: History of Quarantine

Abstract Objectives This article provides an overview through philately on the history of the quarantine ap-plications which dominate the whole world nowadays because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Content In this review article, the History of Quarantine is enriched with philatelic examples and tried to explain. Summary Quarantine is defined as the isolation of animals, people, or land to prevent the spread of diseases or pests. It is different from medical isolation, which is for people who have been infected with the disease. The word “quarantine” comes from quarantine, Italian language meaning “40 days”. This is because of the 40-day isolation of ships and people practiced as a measure of disease prevention related to the plague. This practice was named “Quaranta” in the Republic of Venice, whose economy is based on trade, by keeping the ships coming to the city in the sea for 40 days off the city, so that the capital Venice will not be infected with epidemics. Outlook People’s efforts to take precautions against a possible pandemic risk are a practice that has been going on for ages. Quarantine, which is among the measures to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, includes measures taken by avoiding contact with humans and animals in suspected cases exposed to infectious diseases for a period equal to the longest incubation period of the disease.

BIOECOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES AND HARMFULNESS OF THE COMMON SPIDER MITE (TETRANYCHUS URTICAE (KOCH.)) ON STRAWBERRY IN ORENBURG REGION

In the Orenburg region, strawberry Fragaria×ananassa (Duch.) is a popular berry crop and its planting areas have been expanding in recent years. This inevitably leads to the spread of pests, among which one of the most dangerous is the common spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch.). The abundance and bioecology of T. urticae in this region have not been studied. The studies covered almost all zones of the region (eastern, central, western), differing in climatic features. Sampling was carried out every 7-10 days, on 10 accounting sites randomly located in plantings and in natural habitats of the phytophage. 5 leaves of different ages were taken from each registration plant. The leaves were examined on the day of collection in the laboratory under an MBS- 9 binocular microscope to see if they were colonized with spider mites. Phenophases of plant development were assessed visually. A high number of the pest was noted in commercial plantations of culture, in the central part of the region (Orenburg district). In the climatic conditions of the region, the common spider mite can give up to 7 generations during the growing season, with a conditional interval of 14 days and a correction for weather conditions. The peak in numbers is observed from the third decade of June to the third decade of July. Correlation analysis showed close links between the dynamics of development and the number of the pest with the average daily temperature of the ambient air — the correlation strength of characteristics is above average, the direction of the correlation is positive (Orsk I PR = 0.64, Orenburg region I PR = 0.68).

Cropping Pattern Mapping in an Agro-Natural Heterogeneous Landscape Using Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 Satellite Datasets

The quantity of land covered by various crops in a specific time span, referred to as a cropping pattern, dictates the level of agricultural production. However, retrieval of this information at a landscape scale can be challenging, especially when high spatial resolution imagery is not available. This study hypothesized that utilizing the unique advantages of multi-date and medium spatial resolution freely available Sentinel-2 (S2) reflectance bands (S2 bands), their vegetation indices (VIs) and vegetation phenology (VP) derivatives, and Sentinel-1 (S1) backscatter data would improve cropping pattern mapping in heterogeneous landscapes using robust machine learning algorithms, i.e., the guided regularized random forest (GRRF) for variable selection and the random forest (RF) for classification. This study’s objective was to map cropping patterns within three sub-counties in Murang’a County, a typical African smallholder heterogeneous farming area, in Kenya. Specifically, the performance of eight classification scenarios for mapping cropping patterns was compared, namely: (i) only S2 bands; (ii) S2 bands and VIs; (iii) S2 bands and VP; (iv) S2 bands and S1; (v) S2 bands, VIs, and S1; (vi) S2 bands, VP, and S1; (vii) S2 bands, VIs, and VP; and (viii) S2 bands, VIs, VP, and S1. Reference data of the dominant cropping patterns and non-croplands were collected. The GRRF algorithm was used to select the optimum variables in each scenario, and the RF was used to perform the classification for each scenario. The highest overall accuracy was 94.33% with Kappa of 0.93, attained using the GRRF-selected variables of scenario (v) S2, VIs, and S1. Furthermore, McNemar’s test of significance did not show significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the tested scenarios. This study demonstrated the strength of GRRF in selecting the most important variables and the synergetic advantage of S2 and S1 derivatives to accurately map cropping patterns in small-scale farming-dominated landscapes. Consequently, the cropping pattern mapping approach can be used in other sites of relatively similar agro-ecological conditions. Additionally, these results can be used to understand the sustainability of food systems and to model the abundance and spread of crop insect pests, diseases, and pollinators.

Evidence of Fungal Spreading by the Grey Silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudatum) in Austrian Museums

Abstract The grey silverfish Ctenolepisma longicaudatum is a new and serious pest spreading rapidly across Europe. Compared to the silverfish Lepisma saccharinum, it does not depend on relative humidity above 70% and thrives also in new museum buildings, modern storage depositories, apartments, and office buildings. Especially collections of graphic art, modern art on paper, photographs, but also archives and libraries are increasingly affected by this pest. Damage of paper objects has been reported by different authors and institutions across Europe. As these animals live in inaccessible cracks and crevices inside the buildings, we investigated the spread of microorganisms on living grey silverfish, to show a potential additional threat posed by this pest. In 8 locations in Austria living animals were collected with traps and placed for 10 min on agar plates which were incubated for 2 weeks. After incubation of 50 agar plates, between 2 and 20 colonies of fungi were growing on each plate. The most dominant fungal genera were Cladosporium (Cladosporium cladosporioides clade) and Penicillium (Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium decumbens); also, species of the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Botrytis, Bartalinia, Byssochlamis, Chaetomium and Mycothypha were found. The diversity of fungi reflects the common fungal community of museums and archives. The spores and mycelial fragments of the fungi are obviously travelling on the legs and bodies of the silverfish.

A specialized picker with lower pick-up height for recovering pruning residues in orchards

Most farmers use mulch machine to directly shred the branch pruning residues in orchards, which may cause the spread of diseases and pests to healthy branches. It is a good solution to use a machine to recover pruning residues and then transport them to a safe area for secondary utilization. However, effective collection of these residues still faces many technical challenges. In particular, the pruning residues in young orchards have the characteristics of many branches without secondary branches and close to the ground, it is difficult to collect. In this article, a specialized picker with lower pick-up height is proposed, which is more suitable for collecting pruning residues in young orchards. Firstly, an experiment platform for collecting branches is built. It is found that the pick-up height has a larger effect on the success rate than other factors. Secondly, an optimization platform with a user interface is also developed in Matlab, and the mono-factor analysis method is used to optimize the variable parameters of the mathematical model of spring-finger picker. Then, a set of non-inferior solution parameters is obtained. Finally, a picker on the square herbage baler is selected as an experimental prototype, and a core component Cam track is redesigned and fabricated according to the optimization results. Additionally, comparative tests are conducted between the original picker and the improved picker. The results show the latter is more than 30% higher than the former, even achieves 93.8% of success rate. This article can provide a theoretical basis for designing the branches pick-up device and the design method can also be widely used in other mechanisms of agricultural machines.

Особенности зимнего периода покоя гранатовой плодожорки (ezophera punicaella Moore) в условиях Ферганской долины

The article focuses on the features of diapause pomegranate moth (Europhera punicaella Moore) in the Fergana Valley. Study of insects during the winter dormancy allows to predict the reproduction and spread of pests the following years.

Vespa Mandarinia Recognition and Prediction Strategy Based on Geographic Location and Image Recognition

The paper conduct data analysis and information mining from the following four aspects: the correlation between geographic location and the spread of Vespa mandarinia, image recognition with the help of convolutional neural networks, species richness prediction and accurate recognition optimization, Vespa mandarinia reproduction law and reproduction characteristics, and then propose a reliable prediction model of Vespa mandarinia spread range and a model to predict the possibility of misclassification. First, consider whether the spread of pests in a period of time can be predicted. We arrange the 14 Positive IDs in chronological order and use a time series model to predict the spread range, quantify the results as longitude and latitude, and compare the results. The optimal degree is calculated. The results show that this model can accurately predict the staged emergence of Vespa mandarinias. Next, we select 1/6 high-resolution images based on the provided data set files and image files, based on the SNP selection algorithm of the χ2 test, and perform data labeling preprocessing to create a model that can predict the likelihood of a mistaken classification. Further borrow the geographic location of model one and the image recognition of model two, and use both as factors influencing the possibility of whether the newly submitted report is confirmed as a Vespa mandarinia. With the help of the Euclidean distance within the bounds of the rectangular frame, it is compared with the distance between two adjacent points to determine the impact factor 1, which is conducive to predicting the geographical distribution of the Vespa mandarinia through time series analysis. With the help of the image recognition model, the output of the convolutional neural network is used as the second impact factor, which is conducive to high-performance identification of Vespa mandarinias through real pictures. Further analysis shows that the weight ratio of the two impact factors is 3:7. Finally, we analyzed the Vespa mandarinia’s cycle reproduction law, combined with the possible genetic variation and species evolution within the population, and concluded that if there are other new reports, they should be added to the training set to rebuild the model. training. At the same time, the possibility of the elimination of this pest in Washington State is discussed. Through the statistical historical data of the monthly detection report, and further combining with time prediction, until the forecast report stabilizes to 0 within a certain period, or in a certain period If reports are submitted within the cycle, but all non-Vespa mandarinias are judged, it can be deemed that Washington State has eliminated this pest.

Analisis Prediksi Sebaran Nilaparvata Lugens (Hama Wereng) Tanaman Padi menggunakan Teknologi Autonomous Drone Mapping dengan Ground Sampling Area

The purpose of this study was to help farmers predict the spread of rice planthopper pests by utilizing Autonomous Drone Mapping technology with Ground Sampling Area. The object under study was rice farming land with an area of ​​64.5 m2 which often experienced disturbances in productivity and quality of rice. Autonomous Drone Mapping Technology with Ground Sampling Area integration. This technology is used to detect the spread of leafhoppers on agricultural land through mapping of the affected land through a map of conditions resulting from shooting and imagery produced by drones flown over agricultural land. This technology can help rice farmers to predict pest attack from an early age by handling and preventive measures so that the level of productivity and quality of rice is not compromised. Prediction analysis can take advantage of remote imaging photos from the use of Autonomous Drone Mapping with Ground Sampling Area by analyzing the spread prediction data with Tren Forecasting Prediction. Based on the analysis of the predictions from the photo of the spread of planthopper pests, the distribution formula is y = 25.396 ln(x) -34.948 with the maximum spread of leafhoppers occurring on the 49th day so that serious handling is needed by farmers.

USEFULNESS AND ADOPTION OF PALAY CHECK ( RICE CHECK) TECHNOLOGY

The study aimed to determine the usefulness and adoption of Palay Check ( Rice check) technology. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods, specifically correlational and case study research designs. Respondents of the study were the 78 small-holder farmers in San Mateo, Isabela. The study employed a purposive sampling method wherein the whole population of interest was taken as respondents of the study. were used to gather data in this study. Respondents' attitude towards the usefulness of the PalayCheck™ technology and the majority of the component technologies was rated as very useful. Compared to the respondents’ perceived usefulness of the eight key checks of the PalayCheck™ system, their perceived ease of use of the key checks received relatively lower mean scores. Out of eight (8) key checks, only two were perceived as “very to use”—these are nutrient management and harvest management. The component technologies under seed and variety were rated as “very to use” despite the lower mean rate for key check 1 Used high-quality seeds of a recommended Variety. For crop establishment, only five (5) out of 13 component technologies were perceived as “very to follow. Out of five (5) component technologies for Nutrient Management, only the first nutrient application was perceived as “very to For water management, alternate wetting and drying were perceived as easy to use. All component technologies under pest management, recommended practices on threshing and harvesting, were perceived as “very to use” by the respondents. The majority of the respondents claimed they adopted all key Key Checks such as the use of quality seed of a recommended variety, no high and low soil spots after a final leveling. the practice of synchronous planting which enables efficient use of irrigation and minimizes spread of pest and diseases in a farm area, that there are enough healthy seedlings, enough nutrients from tillering to early panicle initiation and flowering. ensuring enough water supply was based on how far the farm area is from the source of irrigation. No significant yield loss due to pests and cut and threshed the crop at the right time.

Europe's Farm to Fork Strategy and Its Commitment to Biotechnology and Organic Farming: Conflicting or Complementary Goals?

The European Commission's Farm to Fork (F2F) strategy, under the European Green Deal, acknowledges that innovative techniques, including biotechnology, may play a role in increasing sustainability. At the same time, organic farming will be promoted, and at least 25% of the EU's agricultural land shall be under organic farming by 2030. How can both biotechnology and organic farming be developed and promoted simultaneously to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? We illustrate that achieving the SDGs benefits from the inclusion of recent innovations in biotechnology in organic farming. This requires a change in the law. Otherwise, the planned increase of organic production in the F2F strategy may result in less sustainable, not more sustainable, food systems.

Salvage cable yarding operations productivity of pinewood nematode infected Pinus trees in South Korea

ABSTRACT Salvage logging of nematode-infested pinewoods could increase in South Korea, because of the risk of pest spread in response to climate change. No previous studies have precisely determined how to extrapolate information regarding cable extraction productivity and cost in salvage logging operations to steep terrains in South Korea. Therefore, in this study, the performance of a semi-mechanized system was observed at two different harvesting sites located in areas affected by the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). The following were the specific aims of this study: (1) to evaluate HAM200 yarder productivity and cost in four different conditions (50 and 100 m yarding distances in uphill and downhill directions), and (2) to identify significant independent variables related to productivity. The HAM200 productivity values varied considerably and ranged from 1.95 to 2.52 m3/productive machine-hour (costs 43.29–55.81 US $/m3, respectively). Overall, productivity for trees damaged by uphill yarding was 20% higher compared to downhill yarding while productivity was not significantly different. Yarding direction, lateral distance, volume per cycle, and interaction of volume per cycle with lateral distance significantly affected the productivity. Further, our regression model, uphill yarding should be favorable from 35 to 100 m yarding distances. The findings of this study would enable better planning and decision-making regarding salvage logging, thereby allowing improved production of damaged trees.