Sports Programs Research Articles

PERSEPSI MAHASISWA FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN TERHADAP PROGRAM ACARA TALKSHOW “HOTMAN PARIS SHOW” DI INEWS TV

I-News TV has started to include entertainment and talkshows in its programs, one of which is the Hotman Paris Show. The Hotman Paris Show program continues to be broadcast on television in several episodes which are controversial or prohibited. The impact of the figure of Hotman Paris is reflected in the motivation that creates perceptions among Law Faculty students. One of the things that went viral was the perception of new students at the University of North Sumatra, Medan, because they saw the Hotman Paris Show program as one of the reasons for entering the Faculty of Law. This study aims to find out the perceptions of students of the Faculty of Law, University of Mulawarman towards the "Hotman Paris Show" talk show program on iNews TV. The phenomenon of I-News TV which incorporates entertainment and talkshows into its program range, one of which is Hotman Paris Show I-News Tv, which originally presented news and sports programs. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method of gathering information through observation, interviews, documentation and internet searching/document research. Sources of information using purposive sampling are informants who are directly related to research, namely students of the Faculty of Law, University of Mulawarman who have participated in public speaking. The results of the study show that perceptions of the "Hotman Paris Show" Talk Show Program on iNews TV are quite diverse, the selection perception that the Hotman Paris Show program has appeal because the hosts are lawyers. the perception of the organization where the informant felt that the "Hotman Paris Show" program was considered to be lacking in discussing and studying legal issues. Perception of interpretation where informants can judge that the "Hotman Paris Show" Talk Show Program still needs to be reviewed for the concept of the program which is addressed to whom the program is targeted at. The results of the study are in accordance with Lasswell's definition that communication delivered to the communicant from the communicator through certain channels either directly/indirectly aims to have an impact/effect on the communicant according to what the communicator wants. The indicators of student perceptions in this study are perceptions of selection, perceptions of organization and perceptions of interpretation.

Improving Adolescent Life Skills through Sport Programs at the Child Correctional Institution

This study was aimed to examine the integration of life skills in sport training programs. Participants of this study were adolescent aged 14 -19 years, involving 22 adolescents (11 adolescents receiving the Life Skill program, 11 adolescents receiving regular exercise training without life skill programs). Sampling technique used in this study was the intact group technique. The method used was experimental method with a quasi-experiment model and pre-test post-test control group design. The instrument of this study was an instrument from Cronin and Allen (2017) containing eight life skills taught in a sports training program. The results of this study indicate that the sport program containing life skills in a structured and deliberate manner had an influence on the life skills of adolescent at Correctional Institution in Bandung City. The highest increase of life skill component in the integrated life skill group was leadership with the average development of 1.25. Meanwhile, the life skill component that had the highest increase in the non-integrated life skill group was the emotional skill with the average development of 0.70. In conclusion, the provision of sport programs integrated with life skills in a structured and deliberate manner is proven to be able to develop life skills and could improve the life skill of adolescent higher than sports programs that are not structured and intentionally integrated with life skills.

A Study on the Impact of Different Sports Programs on the Self-esteem and Social Skills of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

The study aimed to explore the effects of different sports on the self-esteem and social skills of children with intellectual disabilities and to analyze the way they work. In a special school in Jiangsu Province, researchers randomly selected 32 children with mild intellectual disabilities and assigned them equally to a basketball group, an aerobics group, an athletics group and a control group. The three intervention groups underwent a 12-week sports and games intervention, while the control group maintained its original teaching schedule. The study used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Social Skills Rating Scale for Children with Intellectual Disabilities, which was modified and validated by experts, to collect data before and after the intervention, and compared the four groups by mixed-factor ANOVA. The results showed that there were significant differences in the group main effect, the number of measurements main effect, and the interaction effect of group and time with respect to self-esteem and social skills. Simple effects showed that before the intervention, there were significant differences between the control group and the three intervention groups, whereas after the intervention, there were no significant differences between the control group and the athletics group in terms of self-esteem and social skills, but there were significant differences between the control group and the other two groups. Overall, physical education had a positive impact on self-esteem and social skills of children with intellectual disabilities, with the degree of impact varying from sport to sport.

Vanguard of the Athletic Revolution: The Black Panther Party, Micki and Jack Scott, and the Sports Liberation Movement

Abstract: During the 1970s, the Black Panther Party believed in and provided sports programming that spoke to community embodiment. The Party's approach aligned with what Jack and Micki Scott called "the sports liberation movement." Though understudied in sports history, the Scotts endeavored to create a revolution motivated by the 1968 Olympics. They controversially wrote about and taught sports in a way that prioritized the needs and well-being of professional athletes and everyday people, rather than US patriotism and capitalism consumption. Influenced by fellow leftists like the Scotts, the Black Panthers circulated ideas on freedom and free movement, drawing inspiration from international role models in non-European, socialist countries too. They imagined that socialist sports could escape the militarization of sport in the US and find space for gender inclusion. Their interpretation of socialism showed up in both philosophy and pedagogy, on and off the mat. Using sports archives from the Party as well as broader newspaper research, I contend in this essay that the Panthers, representative of the larger Black Power movement, politicized sport as a necessary site to revolutionize the everyday person's life.

Effect Of Shuffleboard Leisure Sports Program On Physical Fitness In Korean Older Adults

Effect Of Shuffleboard Leisure Sports Program On Physical Fitness In Korean Older Adults

Organizational Learning as a Critical Factor in Accessing the Erasmus+ Sport Program

Organizational Learning as a Critical Factor in Accessing the Erasmus+ Sport Program

Availability of Recreation Facilities and Parks In Relation to Adolescent Participation in Organized Sports and Activity Programs

Most adolescents do not meet physical activity guidelines, so understanding facilitators and barriers is important. This study used surveys and geocoded location data to examine associations of availability of parks and recreation facilities with adolescent-reported participation in organized team sports and physical activity classes. The study was conducted with 928 adolescents aged 12-17 years, plus one parent/caretaker, recruited from two regions of the US. Adolescents’ participation in teams and classes was positively associated with parents’ perceptions of multiple available recreation environments , but not with objectively-measured availability. Having multiple nearby parks and recreation facilities may provide adolescents with more options for participating in organized team sports and activity classes.

Dropout & Prevention in Fitness Sports

High drop-out rates in sports programmes, both health and therapeutic sports, are not exceptional. Long-term retention of active athletes is a problem. This is equally true for fitness training in fitness clubs, where about half of the active individuals drop out prematurely. The aim of this study is to create a comprehensive inventory of the dropout problem and the prevention of it in fitness sports. From the results obtained, recommendations for action can be derived to increase customer satisfaction in fitness facilities and thus reduce the dropout rate in the long term. Methodologically, a review of the relevant literature was conducted in this study. When analysing various research results, it was found that dropping out of a sports programme always depends on several factors. Characteristics of dropping out of sports activity can be personal as well as situational and structural. While it is often possible to identify individual reasons that ultimately tip the balance in favour of quitting, this is usually influenced by a complex set of factors. The reason that fitness club membership fees are too expensive is found at the top of the list in all known studies, followed by the statement that the time spent on sport is too much. Relocation, job and family reasons, other hobbies and, last but not least, health reasons are then usually found in the further course of the lists of dropout reasons. All these reasons seem plausible, but they may also be feigned. They are often difficult to verify by those responsible in the fitness clubs and usually have to be accepted as such. They are rather unsuitable for use in successful dropout prevention. At most, stated health reasons can play a role for preventive measures, but not if serious diseases are involved. Essential demands on the management of a fitness club are therefore the creation of a good social atmosphere during training, time-efficient training programs, fun during the training, fulfilment of training goals and intensive support mechanisms. Only sensible innovations, market-oriented behaviour and flexibility can lead to future success in the fast-moving fitness market.

Intradialytic neuromuscular electrical stimulation with optional virtual reality distraction improves not only muscle strength and functional capacity but also serum albumin level in haemodialysis patients: a pilot randomized clinical trial

BackgroundSarcopenia is highly prevalent in haemodialysis (HD) patients and linked to a poor prognosis regarding comorbidities and premature mortality. Previous studies assessed the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in haemodialysis patients. This study adds to the relevance of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) applications combined with a virtual reality (VR) distraction to increase intensity, dosage, and efficiency of NMES and slow sarcopenia progression in HD patients.MethodsWe conducted a 12-week multicenter prospective randomised controlled trial. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: neuromuscular electrical stimulation with or without combined virtual reality distraction or control group.ResultsThe final analysis included 32 haemodialysis patients (mean age of 68 ± 10 years, 26 men). Interaction effects between groups and time (12 weeks) were significant regarding serum albumin levels (p = 0.008) and left quadriceps femoris muscle (QFM) force (p = 0.026). Both endpoints were increased in the NMES compared to the CO group at the end of the intervention. The NMES group increased serum albumin levels significantly after 12 weeks. The main effect of time was an increase in mean right QFM force between beginning and end of the intervention (p = 0.021). Functional capacity improved after 12 weeks in the NMES and NMES + VR but not in the control group, with a significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.022). Weight and body mass index increased in the NMES and NMES + VR groups, albeit not significantly. The effects of VR distraction on NMES efficiency were inconclusive.ConclusionIntradialytic NMES increases serum albumin level, functional capacity, muscle strength in lower limb and in tendency weight and body mass index of HD patients. Effects on VR distraction are inconclusive. Large-scaled follow-up studies on integrated sports programs with NMES and active training in combination with VR as distraction and motivation accelerator are needed.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00029276 (Retrospectively registered: 30/06/2022).

Exergaming: A Good Exercise Option During the Coronavirus Pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Wii sports programs as a potential physical activity solution to increasing inactivity among young adults and potentially improving the immune system. An evaluation was done on five Wii Sports games, including tennis, baseball, bowling, golf, and boxing. Measures included caloric expenditure and metabolic equivalents (MET) expended. A total of 16 subjects participated in two interactive video game sessions that took place over a 14-day period, in which their caloric expenditure (based on metabolic equivalents and rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) was compared with accepted reference values associated with playing the actual sports. Results showed that Wii sports were associated with higher MET values than published norms for other actual sports, and all Wii sports showed caloric expenditure that was four to ten times higher than traditional sedentary gaming. In conclusion, the results justify the integration of interactive video-gaming technologies into future fitness programs targeted toward young adults and, consequently, decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome and obesity.

The physical activity development model of Mobarake steel company employees

Introduction: Human capital is one of the most important resources of an organization, and as a result, organizations strive to increase their productivity. Since employees' health contributes to it, this study aimed to determine the physical activity development model of Mobarake Steel Company employees.
 Materials and Methods: The current research is descriptive-analytical. It is a kind of exploratory and applied research that helps to solve the problem in Mobarake Steel Company of Isfahan. The statistical population in this research in the qualitative part includes all specialists, managers, and experts of Mobarake Steel Company as well as knowledgeable academic staff members who have expertise or experience in the field of human resources policy and sports management. Also, in the quantitative part, all the employees of Foulad Mobarakeh formed the statistical population of the research. The research tools in the qualitative and quantitative part were made by the researcher and based on the components extracted from the library studies and the results from the interviews, respectively. The research method in the qualitative part was Glazer's approach data model and in the quantitative part confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the formal method and reliability was also confirmed through retesting. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS software.
 Results: Evaluation of the obtained model using model fit indices has shown that the model was suitable (SRMR, 0.186, Chi-square, 341.256, and NFI, 0.087). Also, the final dimensions of the model include the psychosocial environment with the dimensions of promoting sports and physical activity and encouragement and support, the physical environment with the dimensions of providing infrastructure and active company, health resources with the dimensions of program alignment and evaluation and monitoring and company participation with the dimensions of management and Planning was achieved.
 Conclusion: Considering the comprehensive health program, considering the calendar and regular sports program, creating culture and forming a sports team with a dynamic environment, monitoring related instructions, forcing employees to evaluate physical health and monitoring the progress of physical activity development programs, managers' support, per capita allocation Appropriate exercise and ergonomics of control rooms and related equipment such as chairs and computers and things such as the level of lighting and even per capita dedicated space for employees and encouraging employees can be the results of the implementation of this research model.

Sport in prison: social and subjective health outcomes of different sport programs

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of four different sport programs on various social and subjective health outcomes among prisoners.Design/methodology/approachFour different sport programs (endurance, strength, dance-like martial arts, soccer) were provided in 2020 and 2021 in a German prison. Participants completed paper-pencil surveys before and after the sport programs (n = 134 observations), including questions about potential social health (enjoyment of physical activity, interpersonal exchange, interpersonal trust, self-efficacy) and subjective health outcomes (health status, health satisfaction, well-being). Further information such as prisoner characteristics were added to the data.FindingsResults of regression analyses show that the endurance program had a significant positive effect on interpersonal trust, while the soccer program had a negative effect. Subjective well-being increased significantly after the strength and the soccer program. The weekly sport hours before imprisonment had a positive association with enjoyment of physical activity and interpersonal exchange while being negatively related to health status and health satisfaction. Furthermore, the number of months of imprisonment before the survey, being a young offender, the prisoners’ body mass index, educational level and migration background were significantly associated with several social and subjective health outcomes.Originality/valueThis study analyzed the effects of different sport programs for prisoners on various social and subjective health outcomes, revealing differences across programs and outcomes. The findings suggest that sport can be a way to enhance prisoners’ social and subjective health, ultimately facilitating their rehabilitation process.

Profile of Physical Fitness Level in Class X Students of SMA Pembangunan V Yapis Waena

This study aims to describe the profile of physical fitness level in grade X students at SMA Pembangunan V Yapis Waena. The research was conducted with a quantitative descriptive approach, collecting data from 21 grade X students selected by simple randomization, consisting of 11 male students and 10 female students. Data on physical fitness was collected through fitness tests which included running tests, jumping tests, push-up tests, and sit-ups. The research data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive statistical analysis with the percentage formula. The results showed that the level of physical fitness of class X students at Pembangunan V Yapis Waena High School varied. A total of 11 students (52.38%) have a physical fitness level at a moderate level. Found 7 students (33.33%) have a physical fitness level at a good level. There were 3 students (14.28%) had a physical fitness level at a poor level. The distribution profile of physical fitness levels shows that the majority of class X students have good fitness levels, but there are still some students who have low fitness levels. This shows the importance of efforts to increase student participation in physical activities and sports at school. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that schools make further efforts to increase student participation in physical activities and sports. Interesting and diverse sports programs can be designed to encourage students to be more physically active and maintain their health

The Impact of School Sports on the Development of Students’ Social Skills: Evidence in Vietnam

This article investigates the influence of school sports on students’ social skills through regression analysis. The study analyzes the variables of self-esteem, communication skills, teamwork skills, and empathy. The findings demonstrate meaningful and positive associations between these variables and social skills. These results underscore the significance of integrating school sports programs as a strategy to improve students’ social skills. Educators and schools should acknowledge the potential of sports activities in fostering self-esteem, communication, teamwork, and empathy, thus facilitating comprehensive social development among students.

Psychological distress and physical activity behaviors among parents and caregivers during different COVID‐19 restriction periods: Secondary analysis of the Active Kids voucher program evaluation

AbstractParents and caregivers who participate in regular physical activity have improved physical and mental health and can influence the physical activity behaviors of children in their care. This study aimed to assess the association between psychological distress and physical activity levels of parents/caregivers in New South Wales, Australia during different COVID‐19 restriction periods. A repeat‐cross‐sectional design was adopted. Parents/caregivers involved in a government‐led children's sport and recreation voucher program were recruited to participate in an online survey as part of the program's evaluation. In response to COVID‐19, parents and caregivers' psychological distress and physical activity levels were assessed using validated items. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between physical activity and probable mental illness, and differences across different COVID‐19 restriction periods in 2020 and 2021. In 2020, 10,990 parents/caregivers responded to survey questions and in 2021, 17,106 parents/caregivers responded. Parents/caregivers who were physically active on 7 days per week had lower odds of reporting high psychological distress (odds ratio [OR]: 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CIs]: 0.33, 0.49) than parents/caregivers physically active on fewer days per week. In 2020 9.8% of parents/caregivers (n = 1076) reported high psychological distress, which decreased to 8% in 2021 (n = 1366). In 2021, parents/caregivers had lower odds of reporting high psychological distress (OR: 0.79, 95% CIs: 0.72, 0.86). Socioeconomic disadvantage negatively impacted psychological distress and physical activity levels. Australian parents and caregivers who reported high psychological distress, during and after COVID‐19 restrictions, were participating in low levels of physical activity. Greater collaboration between the mental health, and sport and recreation sectors is recommended to harness the co‐benefits of physical activity throughout parenthood, particularly in low socioeconomic areas.

Improving reflective evaluations of sport through repeated experiences of fun—rationale, design, feasibility, and acceptability of the PlayFit Youth Sport Program

IntroductionAdolescents who drop out of sport often report that it had become less ‘fun’ and ‘enjoyable’ over time. Although preadolescent sport typically emphasizes experiences of fun, emphases on competition and elite performance often dominate during adolescence. We theorized that adherence to adolescent sport might be improved if the overarching goal were to maximize repeated experiences of fun during sport and, subsequently, increase reflective evaluations of sport enjoyment. To that end, this manuscript reports on the rationale and design of the PlayFit Youth Sport Program (PYSP), as well as its preliminary feasibility and acceptability. The main objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of recruitment strategies and data collection procedures and the acceptability of the intervention.SettingAn outdoor, multipurpose grass field at a south-central Pennsylvania middle school.MethodsA mixed-methods, single-arm feasibility trial lasting for 8 weeks (August–October 2021) offered 3-times per week for 1-h per session. The equipment, ruleset, and psychosocial environment of the PYSP sport games were modified to reduce several of the constraints theorized to impair experiences of fun during sport and hamper reflective evaluations of enjoyment afterward. ResultsEleven healthy, but sedentary adolescents in grades 5–7 completed the program. The median number of sessions attended (of 16 possible) was 12 (range = 6–13). Post-intervention, 9/10 respondents indicated that they ‘looked forward’ to the PYSP, 8/10 would recommend it to a friend, and 8/10 were interested in continuing the program. Ten of 11 participant guardians expressed interest in reenrolling their children if the PYSP were offered again. Some changes recommended were to improve recruitment via advertising the positive aspects of the program and “word of mouth” techniques, offering the program immediately following the school day, having contingencies for inclement weather, and minor changes to the sport equipment to improve the experience among the population the PYSP intends to attract.ConclusionsThe adjustments recommended in this preliminary work could be used to further refine the PYSP. A future efficacy trial could explore whether the PYSP may reduce attrition for adolescents who experience existing sport programs negatively by offering an alternative that better matches their unique needs and preferences.

The effectiveness of the National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic for veterans with probable posttraumatic stress disorder.

Recreational and adaptive sports programs may be beneficial therapeutic interventions for improving psychological outcomes among veterans and service members with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because they provide opportunities for exercise, socialization, respite, and time outdoors. Although there are an increasing number of sports programs for veterans and service members with PTSD, data evaluating the outcomes of such programs are limited. The sample included 74 U.S. veterans who participated in the National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic (NVSSC), an annual, week-long adaptive sports program in San Diego, California. Participants were categorized into two subgroups: those who met criteria for probable PTSD using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (n = 20) and those who did not (n = 54). Participants completed self-report assessments before and after each daily activity, before and after the program, and 3 months following program completion. Over the course of NVSSC program participation, the diagnostic subgroups (probable PTSD vs. no PTSD) did not significantly differ on changes in depression, positive affect, negative affect, or insomnia. Compared to those without PTSD, veterans with PTSD experienced greater reduction in generalized anxiety during the program (MD = -3.07, p = 0.034). Veterans with PTSD also experienced significant improvements in PTSD symptoms at postprogram (MD = -23.76, p < 0.001). For both groups, significant benefits were shown during the program but rebounded by the 3-month follow-up. Over the course of each daily activity, positive affect (MD = 2.71, p < 0.001) and depression/anxiety scores significantly decreased (MD = -0.75, p < 0.001), with no differences between PTSD diagnostic groups across time (ps = 0.714 and 0.961, respectively). Veterans with and without PTSD benefited from participation in the NVSSC. Participants with probable PTSD experienced greater improvements in generalized anxiety at postprogram only; there were no other significant differences between the two groups at postprogram or at 3-month follow-up. In line with prior research, benefits for those with PTSD were lost by 3-month follow-up, suggesting that regular engagement in recreational and adaptive sports may be necessary to sustain psychological health improvements.

The Influence Of Extracuricular Sports Programs On The Development Of Life Skills During The Covid-19 Pandemi At Ta'mirul Islam Elementary School

The purpose of this research is to explore life skills that are developed through sports at the Ta'mirul Islam Elementary School in Surakarta. More in-depth research is needed to explore the role of developing life skills through sports extracurricular participation. Data was collected through the Life Skills Scale for Sport (LSSS) and supporting questionnaires using survey techniques. The research method used is descriptive-comparative causal (expose facto). The results showed (1) students who took part in sports extracurriculars obtained the highest life skills; (2) there are differences in the value of life skills between groups of students who take part in sports extracurriculars and groups of students who take part in non-sport extracurriculars; (3) there are differences in the values ​​of life skills between groups of students who take part in sports extracurriculars and groups of students who do not take part in any extracurriculars; (4) There are differences in the values ​​of life skills between groups of students who take part in non-sport extracurriculars and groups of students who do not take part in any extracurriculars. Conclusion sports extracurriculars can be used by schools as a means to transfer life skills to students in order to develop all the potential that exists in students to live their daily lives.

Describing early years sport: take-up, pathways, and engagement patterns amongst preschoolers in a major Canadian city

Despite high rates of early childhood (<6 years) sport participation, limited research captures children’s experiences or parents’ motives for children’s engagement during this time. This study aimed to identify the sport take-up, pathways, and patterns of engagement among 3-5 year-old children participating in organized sport programming in a major Canadian city. Data were gathered through external observations of five programs (i.e. multi-sport, soccer, hockey, gymnastics, rugby), and 10 semi-structured parent interviews (Mage= 36.4; six female). Results provide novel insight into preschool-aged children’s sport and unstructured sport/physical activity habits, while highlighting common program elements (i.e. fundamental movement skills, sport-specific skills, deliberate play, free play, competition). Findings suggest that many existing life-span sport participation and development models do not align with delivery of or experiences within preschooler programs; continued research is warranted to determine what pathways, engagement patterns, and program activities are optimal for preschooler development, in turn, contributing to modified models.

Positive youth development through sport and physical education: a systematic review of empirical research conducted with grade 5 to 12 children and youth

ABSTRACT Background Over the two last decades, the interest in personal and psychosocial youth development has been growing due to its engagement in sport activities. Furthermore, participation in sport has been referenced as a favourable mechanism and context for positive youth development (PYD). However, some studies and researchers continue to question the linearity of this association. Considering the place and importance of the practice of sports in and out of school in young people’s lives, it is necessary to systematically gather empirical evidence about the relationship between sports involvement and the development of children and young people attending school. This knowledge is important not only for teachers, coaches and professionals who work at schools, clubs and associations, but also for policymakers. Objective to study the relationship between the practice of sport and the positive development of children and young people attending school. This purpose was guided by the following research question: What is the relation between the practice of sports and positive development of grade 5 to 12 children and youth attending school? Method Conduct a systematic search in EBSCO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Search for relevant studies with a quantitative, qualitative and mixed design that met previously established eligibility criteria. Quality was assessed and data were extracted from a previously elaborated template. Results The systematic review followed the PRISMA protocol and included 30 studies with quantitative (n = 14), qualitative (n = 12) and mixed (n = 4) designs. A wide variety of sports and two fundamental settings – physical education (PE) and extracurricular activities – in and out of school – were found, most of them framed in structured activities or intervention programmes. Results suggest that the practice of sports, especially when combining different sports and contexts, or including non-sport activities, seems to favour psychosocial development and the transfer of competences and values to other areas of life, ‘outside’ sports. This evidence appears to depend on several individual and contextual factors, such as psychological and physical security, presence and action of adults and mentors, positive social interactions, having a voice and participation in decision-making, leadership roles, opportunities for skills built in a meaningful activity and deliberately structured activities, but also on the interaction between individual and contextual factors. Conclusions The results suggest the importance of sports practice as a mechanism and a favourable context for the developmental outcomes of children and young people attending school. That relationship, however, seems contingent. Developmental outcomes might be related to multiple individual and contextual factors and to the interaction among them. Different activities afford different opportunities for children and young people to engage in adaptive relations with their ecology and positive development. The combination of different types of sports, in or out of school, especially when combined with non-sport activities, seems to bring greater benefits. Several factors were referenced as beneficial to PYD promotion in sport programmes, in and out of school.