Korea Sports Research Articles

Contributors

Contributors

Sport and exercise psychology in Korea: Three decades of growth

Sport and exercise psychology as an academic discipline and area of research experienced a significant development over the last century. As the field matures, interests in sport and exercise psychology research and practices spread across different cultures and geographic locations. Similar growth in interests could have been observed in South Korea, reflected by the increased numbers of researchers and research publications in the Korean Society of Sport Psychology (KSSP) and Korean Journal of Sport Psychology (KJSP). The current paper introduces the establishment and historical development of the KSSP, and analyzed research trends published in the KJSP (1990–2019) with regard to the topics, research design, and methodologies, etc. By reviewing 30 years of research, valuable insights, unique implications and practical suggestions for sport psychology, exercise psychology, and motor behavior could be suggested, which may contribute to further development of Asian and international sport psychology.

체육시설 공공데이터 품질관리 방안

This study analyzed the data quality of "2020 National Public Sports Facilities Status" for public sports facilities gyms, which are the main facilities of the central government''s supply policy for sports facilities, and derived measures to improve public data management of sports facilities. First, most of the errors in public sports facilities gyms were errors in the data classification system of living and ball gyms. This is due to the fact that the classification standards of living and ball gyms are not clear. Therefore, the criteria for classification according to the gym specifications should be clearly presented. Second, it is urgent to establish a database through computerization. The SFMS of the Korea Sports Promotion Foundation can be used to ensure accuracy of the current status of facilities rather than existing data. In addition, the omission of the National Sports Center, which was caused by the management of the dualization of the gym data, will also be solved.

공공스포츠클럽 사업 실효성 재고찰: Q 방법론을 통한 인식분석과 시사점

This study aimed to reconsider the effectiveness of the government''s public sports club project since 2013. To achieve this goal, this study analyzed how sports club officials perceive the effectiveness of this project. Furthermore, implications were identified for the stable establishment of public sports club systems in the near future. For this Q methodology is applied. 25 statements were selected for the Q sample and 20 people for the P sample, and Q-sorting was conducted. Principle component analysis were analyzed by using the PQ method program and Varimax rotation was implemented. The above process resulted in a total of four types, with 52% explanatory power for the overall type. Type 1 (N=9) was named as a public organization in Korea sports field, Type 2 (N=4) as a leader in the realization of sports welfare, Type 3 (N=3) as a representative local sports organization in the future, and Type 4 (N=4) as a community leader in the health of local residents. In addition, disagreement and consensus between classified types were diagnosed.

고등부 학생선수들의 스포츠심리기술과 회복탄력성의 관계

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship and impact of sports psychology skills and resilience among high school student athletes.<BR> Method: For this study, sports psychological skills and resilience were measured for 290 soccer, baseball, and volleyball high school student athletes registered with the Korea Sports Association. A total of 290 questionnaires were distributed and except for 15 copies which were judged to be incompatible with the objectives of this study due to missing or unsuccessful responses, 275 copies were used. Using the SPSS 26.0 statistical program, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability verification, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The significant level of hypothesis verification is set-up as α=.05.<BR> Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1) As the level of sports psychology skills of high school student athletes increased, the level of resilience increased (p<.01). 2) Improving the level of sports psychological skills in high school students improved resilience (p<.001). 3) Among the sub-factor of sports psychological skills, improvements in goal setting, concentration, team cohesion, confidence, and anxiety control levels increased resilience (p<.05~p<.001). 4) The entire sub-factor of sports psychology skills for high school student athletes improved the entire sub-factor of resilience (p<.05~p<.001).<BR> Conclusion: Therefore, it has been proven that improving sports psychological skills through continuous sports psychological training by high school student athletes can help them grow into happy student athletes because they can also improve resilience.

Analysis of Korean Fencing Club Members' Participation Intention Using the TPB Model.

This study aims to investigate effects of three factors from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)—attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—on 233 fencing club members’ intention to continue participation, while considering fencing’s low popularity as a sport in Korea. This study analyzed data from members of fencing clubs in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daegu, and Busan, using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlational analysis, and multiple regression with SPSS Windows 25.0 software. Results indicate that selected TPB model factors—specifically attitude and subjective norms—positively affected intention to continue participating. Moreover, significant influences of attitude and subjective norms were found in both men and women. Attitude significantly influenced intention in participants in their twenties, thirties, and forties or over; subjective norms significantly influenced intention in participants in their twenties and forties or over; and perceived behavioral control significantly influenced intention in participants in their thirties. Lastly, attitude and subjective norms significantly influenced intention when subjects participated once a week or twice a week and at least three times a week, and perceived behavioral control significantly influenced intention only when they participated at least three times a week. This suggests that members perceived their participation in fencing favorably and that the people around them encouraged them to continue participation in fencing and viewed it as a positive activity. The findings may be useful for understanding how to further popularize fencing in Korea and encourage current club members to maintain or increase their participation levels.

New Obesity Index Associated with Fitness Among Korean Adults

<i>Background</i>: The aim of this paper was to introduce a new obesity index associated with fitness and determine effective exercises for reducing the obesity in common Korean adults using a new kind of waist-to-height ratio (WHT2R). <i>Objectives</i>: This cross-sectional study was performed using the public-use releases of the 2017 survey of national physical fitness by the Korea Institute of Sport Science of the Korea Sports Promotion Foundation. <i>Method</i>: The correlation coefficients were calculated by correlation analyses between the obesity indices and four fitness tests for comparison. The lump mean values (LMVs) were introduced to find the association between the WHT2R and fitness tests using a linear regression method and to use as an indicator for the effective control of obesity. <i>Result</i>: The WHT2R is more associated with the fitness than the other indices and the correlation with fitness tests was interpreted more simply using the LMV of the WHT2R rather than that of the body mass index. Setting the goal of exercise using the WHT2R was easier and more convenient than using the body mass index. <i>Conclusion</i>: The WHT2R can be used as a possible contender for predicting fitness and is an effective indicator for the reduction of abdominal obesity.

한-소 스포츠 교류에 나타난 소비에트 한인 스포츠인들의 초국가적 정체성 연구-넬리 김과 유리 채를 중심으로-

This study investigated the progress and achievements of Korea-USSR sports exchanges until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 after the Korean sports delegation first visited Moscow to participate in the Universiade in 1973 and found out the meaning in Korean sports history. In addition, it examined the role of Soviet Korean sportsmen and the emergence of transnational identity in this process. As a research method, a content analysis was used to analyze the articles of the monthly Physical Education published by the Korean Sports & Olympic Committee since 1966 as the main text and the daily newspapers’ articles as the subtext. Before the dissolution of the USSR, Korea-USSR sports exchanges showed different aspects before and after the 24th Seoul Olympics and were divided into three periods: Embryonic Period (1973~1984), Growth Period (1985~1988.8.), Mature Period (1988.9.~1991). The Korea-USSR Sports exchange was one of the representative success stories of sports diplomacy that played a leading role in the re-establishment of the Korean-Soviet diplomatic relations on September 30, 1990. In this process, Among the Soviet Korean sportsmen, Nellie Kim and Yuriy Tskhay contributed to the development of sports in Korea through the Koreanization of Soviet sports techniques and were able to experience the emergence of transnational identity by serving as a bridge between Korea-USSR sports exchanges.

Global Development Strategy of Korean Marine (Leisure) Sports Industry Using SWOT / AHP Method

Purpose - Identify the priorities of important factors through SWOT/AHP analysis method for vitalization of global marine sports in Korea. Through this, we will identify prerequisites and strategies for Korean marine sports to become a global powerhouse, including revitalizing the Korean Wave for Chinese consumers. It also revitalizes global competitiveness and draws policy implications. Research design and methodology - Through interviews with experts and literature data, elements of important opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of marine sports are summarized. Based on this SWOT, the AHP technique is applied to determine which is first and what is important between the factors that save opportunities and increase strengths, and measures to cope with threats and factors that complement weaknesses. Through this, the priority factor of experts suggests a plan for activating strategic marine sports. Results - First, the current status of marine sports in Korea and the perception of consumers are grasped through current data and literature research. Sub-elements are derived based on the theoretical literature on SWOT elements and opinions of experts. Prioritization is identified based on the AHP questionnaire of Korean experts. Conclusions - The strategy was derived through SWOT/AHP analysis, and the following implications were obtained. Regionally, Busan is psychologically and geographically adjacent to China and Japan. It is also an area where human exchanges are actively taking place along with the volume of imports and exports. Due to the increase in China's marine sports industry and population, it is necessary to expand the scope of Korea to marine sports beyond cosmetics, dramas, movies, and Korean waves (Hallyu) stars.

A Study on the Gender Rights Protection System in Arts and Cultural Industry

본 연구는 미투 운동 이후 시작된 문화예술계 성 인권 보호 제도의 흐름을 점검하고 이에 대한 개선 방향을 제안하는 것을 목표로 한다. 그동안 정부에서는 ‘범정부 합동대책’, ‘문화예술계 성희롱·성폭력 특별조사단 권고’, ‘문화체육관광부 성희롱·성폭력 예방대책위원회의 1·2차 권고’, ‘문화비전 2030’를 발표하고, 이를 토대로 문화예술계의 성 인권 보호 제도를 설계했다. 이후 시행된 제도는 구체적으로 피해자 보호, 가해자 제재, 예방·방지책 마련, 법적 근거 및 제도 틀 개선의 4가지 범주로 분류할 수 있었다. 하지만 정부의 다각적인 노력에도 불구하고 현장에서는 제도의 실효성이 높지 않다는 비판이 끊임없이 제기됐다. 피해 당사자의 목소리로 말미암아 성평등 문화정책이 진척을 이룬지 2년이 흐른 지금, 현장에서 진정한 변화를 만들어내기 위해서는 현행 제도의 진단과 개선 방향에 관한 논의가 필요한 시점이다. 이를 위해 정부 발간자료 등을 기반으로 한 문헌 연구와 정책 기획·실행 단계의 주요 행위자 9명과의 인터뷰 내용을 바탕으로 한 면접 분석연구를 진행했다. 인터뷰 내용 분석에는 질적 연구 분석 프로그램인 MAXQDA를 활용했다. 연구 결과 제도의 범주별로 각각 5~10가지 문제점이 드러났다. 문제 해결을 위해 인터뷰이들이 제시한 개선 방향에서는 긴밀한 연관 관계가 확인됐다. 이는 성 인권 보호를 위한 제도가 유기적으로 연결되어야 효과를 낼 수 있음을 시사한다.This study aims to examine the system for gender rights in arts and cultural industry triggered by #Metoo movement and to suggest action plans to improve gender equality. Up until now, Korean government launched ‘Pan-governmental Counter Plan’, ‘Recommendation of the Special Center for Investigating Sexual Harassment and Sexual Violence in Arts and Cultural Industries’ ‘the Primary and Secondary Supplemental Measures to Eradicate Sexual Harassment and Sexual Violence in the Arts and Cultural Sector by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in Korea’, and ‘2030 Cultural Vision’. Korean government has designed the system to protect gender rights using these proposals. Implemented policies can be grouped into 4 different categories; protecting victims, punishing abusers, implementing preventive measures, and reforming legal system. However, despite Korean government’s multilateral efforts, continuous criticism aroused as policies failed to witness actual impacts in the industry. Given the fact that 2 years have passed since the launch of gender equality policy in cultural sector, this is the right time to discuss the current status and ways to improve it. For above reasons, research was conducted on documents including, but not limited to, government publications and an analysis of interviews with 9 major stakeholders of policy planning and implementation. During the study, interviews were analyzed using the qualitative research program MAXQDA. As a result, 5~10 problems were revealed in each category of the system. Furthermore, meaningful correlation has been found in improvement areas suggested by the interviewees. This connection implies that the policy for gender rights in arts and cultural industry shall be developed organically in order for the system to work.

공간확률변경분석을 적용한 국내 외국인 전용 카지노의 효율성 분석

Purpose - Since the competition of the casino industry has been increased in Korea, the efficient casino operation is required for success in its business. In addition, the previous researches stated that there would be existed the spatial effect on efficient operation among the casinos in Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the efficiency of casino companies in Korea by using the spatial effect. Design, data, and methodology -Spatial Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SSFA) was adopted to achieve the purpose of the study. The sample data were gathered from the “Annual casino statistics” from 2009 to 2018 provided by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in Korea. The variables used in the study were the number of employees, the area of permission, the revenue per employee, and the number of visitors. ‘Frontier’ package of R programming was used for the analysis. Result - The empirical results showed that the spatial effects are existed to the casinos across the country and on Jeju Island. Specifically, the more distance among the casinos decreases, the more efficiency to the performance of casino in terms of both the number of visitors and the revenue per employee would be increased for a sample of the entire country, as well as only Jeju Island. However, only the number of visitors increases for the inland province as the distance among the casinos decreases. Conclusions -There’s a spatial effect on efficient operation among the casinos in Korea. In other word, the cluster effect would influence increase of an efficient performance of casino companies in Korea. Therefore, the distance would be considered with one of the key factors to success in the casino industry.

전문체육 지도자의 스포츠안전인식 관련 대응비(Odds Ratio)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the ratio and relevance of the reference group by calculating the odds ratio of the professional sports leaders to the sport safety cognition and related variables (coaching career, current team gender, and current team injury experience). Method: The data applied to the analysis is 119 professional sports leaders who participated in 2015 Sports Safety Accident Survey by Korea Sports Safety Foundation. In this study, the case control study design was applied to the analysis to calculate odds ratio for sports safety cognition by professional sports leaders. For the purpose of analyzing the factors affecting the characteristics of professional sports leaders, the research design for the Likelihood ratio (ratio difference) and Chi-square test (relevant verification) were performed. The design of 2X2 was applied to calculate the odds ratio with the reference group. Results: According to the analysis of sports safety cognition and related variables of professional sports leaders, firstly, Odds Ratio (OR) of awareness of the effect of sports safety education is 0.95, OR of awareness of necessity of sports safety education for athletes is 0.43, OR of awareness of Korea Sports Safety Foundation is 1.2 and OR of purchase sports insurance (mutual-aid) is0.54 for leaders who have more than 5 years of coaching career. Secondly, OR of awareness of the effect of sports safety education is 1.61, OR of awareness of necessity of sports safety education for athletes is 0.48, OR of awareness of awareness of Korea Sports Safety Foundation is 1.03 and OR of purchase sports insurance (mutual-aid) is 1.03 for leaders who coach both men and women. Thirdly, OR of awareness of the effect of sports safety education is 2.56, OR of awareness of necessity of sports safety education for athletes is 0.97, OR of awareness of awareness of Korea Sports Safety Foundation is 0.34 and OR of purchase sports insurance(mutual-aid) is 2.97 for leaders who have noninjury experience in current team. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is likely that a leader who has more than five years of coaching career, a leader who coaches both men & women and a leader who is aware of then injury of athletes recognize the importance of sports safety about 0.3 to 3 times higher in the entire 95% confidence interval.

P4339Reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy Koreans: compared to western nations and nomogram

Abstract Introduction Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF), defined as the integrated ability to properly oxygenate skeletal muscles during physical activity, is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The reference range for CRF may differ among nations, with Asians under-represented in previous data. Purpose In this study, we sought to establish reference values of CRF for Asians using a recent Korean cohort. Methods We analyzed 2646 healthy Korean adults recently enrolled in the Korea Institute of Sports Science Fitness Standards (KISS FitS) project with estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values during treadmill test. Patients with cardiovascular or renal disease, systemic infection, pregnant women and those with orthopedic injuries unable to measure physical fitness were excluded. Age-specific mean VO2max values were compared with those from recent American, Norwegian, Danish cohorts and old Korean data. Results Age-specific reference values for healthy Korean adults in this cohort were as shown (Table). We were able to draw a nomogram to predict exercise capacity for a given age and MET value (Figure). When compared to other countries, less CRF reduction by aging was seen in Asians than in other Westerners. When compared to old Korean data from the 1980s, values were similar after adjustment for difference in methods, except for those under 30 years old which were decreased. Exercise capacity of healthy Korean Men Women Age VO2max (ml/kg/min) N P-value for trend Age VO2max (ml/kg/min) N P-value for trend 19–29 42.3±6.3± 209 &lt;0.01 19–29 34.3±4.3± 110 &lt;0.01 30–39 42.0±5.0± 170 39–39 32.2±4.5± 211 40–49 41.4±5.6± 238 40–49 30.8±4.6± 284 50–59 38.0±5.7± 274 50–59 28.3±4.6± 367 60–69 32.4±6.2± 134 60–69 26.0±5.7± 336 70–79 27.2±5.6± 83 70–79 23.9±4.4± 195 &gt;80 24.1±4.0± 11 &gt;80 21.0±3.7± 24 Total 38.6±7.4± 1119 Total 28.5±5.8 1527 Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake; N, number. Nomogram of exercise capacity in Koreans Conclusions While there was no significant change in CRF over time in the same ethnic group, there was a clear inter-ethnic difference. CRF should be assessed according to ethnic or national standards, and it is necessary to establish a reference for each nation or ethnicity with periodic updates. Acknowledgement/Funding National Sports Promotion Fund of the Korea Sports Promotion Foundation in 2015

글로벌 스포츠산업 동향과 한국 스포츠산업 육성정책 로드맵

글로벌 스포츠산업 동향과 한국 스포츠산업 육성정책 로드맵

A narrative inquiry of MTB college athlete’s life and career

Purpose The purpose of this study is to look into the life of MTB college athletes before and after their college entrances through long-term longitudinal narrative inquiry and investigate how the career exploration after graduation is conducted in a contextual way. Methods For this study, four MTB college athletes who entered the university as specialists are selected as research participants, and their life and career are examined through a long-term longitudinal narrative inquiry. Results As a result, the life and career of MTB college athlete appear as follows. First, MTB college athletes entered MTB because of 'self - will' or 'influence of family and acquaintances' and the motivation is 'extension of hobbies', 'college entrance', etc. Second, the MTB college athletes' training and goals are set in the 'college entrance examination', which means the entrance to higher college. Third, MTB college athletes' college life is closely related to 'management and support system for college athletes', and the career search for them is based on 'the prospect as a player' and 'professional prospect of MTB athletes’. However, MTB college athletes showed their plan B to prepare for their uneasy future or to retire. Conclusions In the end, the MTB college athletes came to think about life and career on the narrow stage of unpopular sports and was seen coming down from the narrow stage of unpopular sports. Based on these results, this study presents critical discussions about their life and career of MTB college athletes and seeks implications for the school elite sports in Korea.

학원 스포츠 과도기의 명과 암Ⅱ: 주말리그제도에 관한 내용분석

Purpose: The sport leagues and organizations in Korea were established as two divisions: KOC (Elite) and KOCOSA (Sport for All). This structure caused the infringement upon student-athletes’ right for learning and has been noted as an obstacle to developing Korean sport. To address these problems, the Weekend League System (WLS) was introduced in 2009 and the integration of bot horganizations was decided by the Korean national assembly in 2015. These two big events brought many cahnges in Korean sport and it is regarded as a transition period of school sport in Korea. The purpose of this study is to examine all aspects of the WLS and to discuss the role of the WLS in this transition period.BR Method: A total of 19 publications related to WLS were selected and analyzed through content analysis.BR Results: The results were classified into three categories: (1) positive effects of the WLS (Professionalization of football league system, Improvement of spectators’ convenience, and Change in student-athletes’ awareness and attitude regarding study); (2) problems in the introduction stage (Existing student-athletes’ entrance examination, Indiscriminate introduction of the policy, and Conflicts with policy-makers); (3) problems in the operation stage (Physical and financial overload, Discrepancy between the WLS and baseball, and validity of regional division).BR Conclusion: Based on this analysis, we suggest improvement plans (Reorganizing the regional division, Building the guarantee system of day off, and Strengthening th econnection with local community). The WLS is expected to play an important role in establishing the new integrated sport league in Korea and should be constantly monitored.

근대 한국 여성 운동복에 관한 연구

Women’s sports in Korea started with the introduction of gymnastics classes at Ewha School. Teachers from the West altered the students’ skirts and jeogori to make suitable clothes for physical education, while introducing western-style sportswear. After the introduction of gymnastics, women wore diverse sportswear until the Korean liberation; however, detailed studies regarding female sportswear in Korea have been lacking. This study examines the development of the sportswear in the West, the way sportswear spread in Japan, and the origin of the western-style sportswear that was introduced in Korea. Investigations of literature and photographs from the era of sportswear’s introduction have shown that female students, as their participation became more active, chose diverse sportswear according to their school affiliations or the sports. The most popular form of sportswear was the combination of bloomers and diverse blouse styles. The jumper skirt, called tunic, and blouse combination originated in England, and was then worn in Japan before being introduced in Korea. The jumper skirts were first introduced as gym suit, then were chosen as school uniforms for the summers of the 1930s. Some schools chose to have their students wear rompers, a one-piece combination of bloomers and a blouse, instead of two separate clothing pieces. Though students wore school-assigned sportswear or school uniforms for in-school exercises, they sometimes wore separate uniforms for public competitions. Students who participated in tennis tournaments wore uniforms based on their schools, and many of these school uniforms had white tops and bottoms. These white uniforms can be seen as a reflection of Western fashion. The widespread use of diverse sportswear allowed women to break free from the traditional views of gender, move more freely, and in turn, promote the participation of female students in sports.

여가스포츠에서 관계성 효과 분석

Who feels happier between collective and individual sports participants? The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of relatedness on subjective well-being depending on the type of leisure sports. Accordingly, 788 adults participating in leisure sports in South Korea were divided into the categories of collective and individual leisure sports participants. Relatedness in sports, leisure sports participation behavior, leisure satisfaction, and subjective well-being were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. First, collective leisure sports participants had higher mean values in leisure satisfaction as well as subjective well-being than individual ones. Additionally, the difference was statistically significant. Second, relatedness in sports bore a statistically significant impact on both leisure satisfaction and subjective well-being, regardless of the demographic characteristics as controlled variables. The importance of relatedness in leisure sports is discussed and academic and practical implications are provided in this study.

Improvement Directions of Subsidiary Law System for the Efficient Support of the Korea Sports Promotion Fund

Improvement Directions of Subsidiary Law System for the Efficient Support of the Korea Sports Promotion Fund

PyeongChang Olympic and North Korea's Sports Diplomacy

PyeongChang Olympic and North Korea's Sports Diplomacy