Sports Festival Research Articles

The New Ethical Dimension of Sports Events: a Reflection on the Evolution from the Ancient Greek Olympic Sports Festival to Postmodern Sports Events

El proposito de este trabajo es identificar las nuevas funciones sociales de los eventos deportivos en la sociedad postindustrial a partir de una reflexion sobre las intersecciones en la relacion entre los valores eticos de la antigua fiesta olimpica deportiva griega y el modelo postmoderno de gestion de eventos sostenibles. A partir de una revision de la literatura sobre los estudios de ocio, deporte y eventos, se desprende que los eventos deportivos, concebidos como fiestas postmodernas, pueden ayudar a las personas que toman parte en ellas a experimentar una nueva dimension etica, y celebrar el espiritu de la antigua Olimpia y de sus valores en una forma innovadora. En resumen, a partir de la revision de la literatura mencionada, se desprende un conjunto de potenciales eticos de los antiguos festivales deportivos dentro de una posible implementacion de sus valores intrinsecos en el contexto de los eventos contemporaneos a traves de acciones especificas de planificacion y gestion hacia un desarrollo etico y sostenible. Palabras clave: Eventos deportivos, etica, ocio, postindustrial, desarrollo sostenible, serious tourism. === Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify the new social functions of sports events in postindustrial society starting from a reflection on the intersections in the relationship among the ethical values of the ancient Greek Olympic sports festival and the postmodern model of sustainable event management. From a literature review on leisure, sports, and event studies, it emerges that sports events, conceived of as postmodern festivals, can help people who take part in them experience a new ethical dimension and celebrate the spirit of ancient Olympia and its values in an innovative way. In summary, from the review of the above-mentioned literature emerges a set of ethical potentials of ancient sports festivals within the possible implementation of their intrinsic values in the context of contemporary sports events through the specific actions of planning and management for sustainable and ethical development. Key words: Sports events, ethics, leisure, postindustrial, sustainable development, serious tourism.

How Students Change Themselves and How the Teacher Supports Them during the Practice Process towards Sports Festival and Music Festival in a Junior High School; Focusing on students’ Interaction, Class Atmosphere, and their Other-Esteem.

How Students Change Themselves and How the Teacher Supports Them during the Practice Process towards Sports Festival and Music Festival in a Junior High School; Focusing on students’ Interaction, Class Atmosphere, and their Other-Esteem.

The Difference of Perceived Experiences and Sub-cultural Identity between Overseas Korean' Generations through the Participation in the Korean National Sports Festival

The Difference of Perceived Experiences and Sub-cultural Identity between Overseas Korean' Generations through the Participation in the Korean National Sports Festival

재외동포의 모국방문 경험과 초국가주의적 정체성 교섭: 전국체육대회 사례를 중심으로

재외동포의 모국방문 경험과 초국가주의적 정체성 교섭: 전국체육대회 사례를 중심으로

Walking the line: how young athletes balance academic studies and sport in international competition

Focused on the Norwegian squad for the 2015 European Youth Olympic Festival, the aims of this study are to identify (a) the perceived role of important stakeholders such as coaches, schools, parents, federations, and the national Olympic committee for the young athletes in the weeks leading up to the festival; and (b) the young athletes’ festival experiences with a focus on perceived stressors by using the transactional framework. The findings of the study revealed that pursuing a dual career is often a challenging balancing act for the young student-athletes. Additional results identified the importance of supportive parents, schools that adapt the workload for the student-athletes, and a federation that recognizes the important role of parents and schools. While the rhetoric for the festival was that it was a ‘learning experience’ for the young athletes, the young athletes perceived the event as a serious sporting competition and were aware of factors which might cause stress and thus interfere with optimal performance. This investigation offers implications for sport management and psychology researchers gaining insight into young athletes and youth sport festivals.

Marketing Effectiveness of the Nanjing Youth Olympic Games: Implications for Physical Activity

Despite a successful inaugural hosting of the Summer YOG in Singapore 2010 and the Winter YOG in Innsbruck (2012), prior research shows many individuals worldwide still lack awareness of this event, especially in the target markets of youth, adolescents, and young adults. This study sought to determine the level of awareness of the YOG, in comparison to other international sport festivals in the young adult market, among a group of Kinesiology students. A 24-item survey was developed based on prior YOG research surveys with the addition of comparative questions related to the 2012 London Olympic Games (LOG) and the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games (WOG), including event logo identification. Marketing effectiveness for the YOG was examined by analyzing the perceptions and awareness of the YOG, WOG, and LOG from a sample of Midwest university sport and exercise science students (n = 286, M age = 19.8, SD = 3.24 years, 58% male and 42% female). These Kinesiology students were surveyed during the period corresponding to the 2014 Nanjing YOG. Primary research questions focused on personal awareness (M = 2.07, SD = 1.42) and public awareness (M = 2.14, SD = 1.12) of the 2014 YOG, 2014 WOG (logo recognition: M = 3.31, SD = 1.78) and 2012 LOG (logo recognition: M = 3.41, SD = 0.86) through Likert-type scaling from not aware (1), to totally aware (7). Secondary research questions focused on likeliness to attend YOG events in Nanjing, China (M = 1.37, SD = 0.91), to watch YOG events on television (M = 2.51, SD = 1.66), and to follow YOG events on social media (M = 2.19, SD = 1.48). Despite the fact that the YOG was in progress when this survey was administered, students’ awareness and willingness to engage in the events was extremely low, indicating a need for event organizers to focus on more successful and effective marketing to the targeted audience of youth and young adults.

ターボジャブの空力特性の計測

The “turbo-jav” is used for the javelic throw in the Junior Olympic Games and in the National Sports Festival for People with Disabilities. To improve the record in these flowing events, it is important to elucidate the flight characteristics of the turbo-jav. We have measured the aerodynamic characteristics of the turbo-jav in the wind tunnel tests at the wind speed U up to 25 m/s for various angles of attack α. In the present study, we report the drag coefficient, the lift coefficient and the pitching moment coefficient for the turbo-jav thus obtained for 0 ≤ α ≤ 25 o, as well as our recent measurements in support interface free by the Magnetic Suspension and Balance System (MSBS) at Tohoku University for 10 ≤ U ≤ 40 m/s at small α (-5 o ≤ α ≤ 5 o). We also present the wind tunnel tests for the rolling turbo-jav model at the frequency of 0 to 20 rps. It was found that the obtained aerodynamic coefficients oscillate in time but their averaged values are almost independent of the rolling frequency.

国民体育大会総合成績の決定要因

The National Sports Festival (NSF), an annual intra-prefectural sporting competition in Japan, is recently intended to be the most competitive domestic sport event and a platform for athlete identification and development. In most prefectures, overall ranking at the NSF is placed on their sport policy agenda. In this study, the determinants of prefectural success at the NSF are empirically analysed and the theoretical values were calculated with the econometric model, using panel data of the forty-seven prefectures. By means of a panel data analysis, the authors find that macro-level factor (population and the number of head offices) and meso-level factors (being the host; being the future host in three, two years, and next year; being the former host one to six years before; and having speciality sports) are positively related to the total points. Overall, our results confirmed that policy effort for the success in the NSF can surpass the advantage in economic and human resources.

A Comparative Study on Emotional Intelligence and Mental Toughness for Visually Impaired Male and Female Athletes

Background: Nowadays researches find that athlete’s performance is affected not only by physical fitness, technical and tactical factors, but also mental and emotional features can affect sport performance. Objective: Hence, the aim of this study is examined the dimensions of emotional intelligence and mental toughness visually impaired male and female athletes. Methodology: This was a causal-comparative study, where the statistical population included 300 visually impaired male and female athletes taking part in the First National Cultural- Sports Festival featuring goalball, tug-of-war, track and field, swimming, and powerlifting. Using a smaple of convenience, 70 participants completed the Sheard, Golby, and van Wersch-questionnaire on mental toughness in three dimensions of “confidence” “ control” and “constancy”, and the Petrides and Furnham’s questionnaire in four dimensions of “ understanding emotions”, “ social skills” “ controlling emotions” and “ optimism”. Results: Analysis of variables using an independent t-test showed significant differences in the dimensions of controlling emotions, understanding emotions, and social skills in favor of visually impaired sportswomen. However, there were no significant differences between the genders for optimism in the emotional intelligence questionnaire, and in mental toughness questionnaire. Conclusions: Visually impaired individuals pass through stages of emotional intelligence in a different way compared to those with normal vision. Moreover, motor skills and sports for the visually impaired are of a different kind. Moreover, our results showed that women benefited more from participating in physical and sporting activities than men did. Therefore, we recommend that authorities and people involved in sports for the visually impaired should make more use of exercises in psychological skills, along with technical and tactical ones, for visually impaired male athletes. Keywords: Mental toughness, emotional intelligence, visually impaired athletes

Student expectations on sports festivals with a view to the estimation questionnaire on Campus Sports Festival

Campus Festival, organized each year, is listed as one amongst the music festivals in Hungary attracting crowds, with a target audience formed by higher education students. The organizers of Campus Festival set as their main highlighted objective, in addition to providing with musical events, the enhancement of the sporting life of the visitors stopping by. As a side event, Campus Sports Festival is launched each time along with it, with the intention to promote sports and doing sports, creating an event for the public suitable for the development of crossborder student relationships, between fans and contenders. This study is to demonstrate student expectations with a view to the questionnarebased needs assessment prepared on sports festivals.

The impact of administration and sports programme implementation on the achievement of sports council at the 17th national sports Festival competition: a case study of rivers state sports council

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of sports programme implementation by sports administrators as to achieve success. This study examined the impact of administration and sports programme implementation on the achievement of Rivers State Sports Councils at the 17th National Sports Festival competition. The descriptive survey research design was employed for this study. Incidental sampling technique was used to select 260 sports men/women, coaches, organizing secretaries, management staff, and stadium attendants from Rivers State sports council, who severed as subjects for this study. An adapted self designed questionnaire made up of simple questions was used for data collection. The collected data was subjected to chi-square analysis based on the two stated hypotheses. The results of the findings showed that administration of sports has significant effect on the achievement of Rivers State Sports Council at the 17th National Sport Festival with a c2 value of 8.90. The cross tabulation of chi-square value of 9.00 obtained, showed that Rivers State sports council programme implementation at the 17th National sports festival was highly significant. Based on this two results of the findings, it was concluded that Rivers State sports council has a sound administration and excellent pattern of programme implementation. It was recommended, among other things that, qualified and adequate coaches/organizing secretaries and athletes should be recruited for training and more programme planning. Key words: Programme implementation, achievement, sports festivals, sports council, sports commission.

Sailing in an Occupied Country: Protests by Estonian Emigrants Against the 1980 Tallinn Olympic Regatta

The sailing regatta for the Olympic games of 1980 was organized at the Pirita Sailing Centre in Tallinn. It is generally assumed that emigrant Estonians opposed the event. By December 1979, attempts to boycott the Moscow Olympics had faded. However, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan again opened the question. Eventually a large number of Western countries stayed home and many others did not participate in the sailing regatta. The situation was discussed again in the Estonian emigrant press but the focus of the general discussion was on Afghanistan and the Baltic question remained in its shadow. Besides writing memorandums to state officials and the International Olympic Committee, Estonian emigrants organized public demonstrations and sports festivals to support their cause. Although general interest in the Baltic question increased due to the Olympic sailing contests, the interest diminished soon after the games.

Transnationalism, return visits and identity negotiation: South Korean-New Zealanders and the Korean national sports festival

Migration has commonly been theorised as a process that ends with settlement in a new country and thus return visits have not been conceptualised as part of the migration experience. As has been noted in the literature, the return visit is a temporary visit to an individual’s place of birth (or the ‘external homeland’) from a current country of residence which may help immigrants to construct and negotiate a transnational identity between the new and old homes. This study focuses on how one government, South Korea, uses sport as a part of a wider strategy to encourage return visits in order to maintain cultural, economic and political connections with overseas citizens. More specifically, this paper examines the experiences of Korean immigrants living in New Zealand who return to Korea to participate in the annual National Sports Festival. Drawing upon document analysis, interviews and participant observation data, three different types of experiences emerged: (1) athletic experiences through the event itself; (2) nostalgic experiences from reconnecting with families and friends or enjoying forms of culture and entertainment difficult to access in the receiving country; and (3) political and economic experiences through interactions with politicians and business people which may contribute to mutual benefits between their old and new homes. Overall, the paper discusses the experience and implications of Koreans who represent New Zealand in an (inter)national sport and cultural festival and its influence on their transnational lives and identities.

A Study on the Semiotic Passible World of the Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games Emblem

The Olympic Games are not only a sports festival that unite the world, but also a global festival enabling the host to showcase its achievements in science, technology, art and culture. The Olympic Games emblem works as a medium identifying visually the comprehensive competence of the host, as well as a sign imbued with cultural meaning. Regarding this, the goal of this study is to show how the Olympic Games emblem could work as an effective medium delivering the identity of the host to the world in terms of semiotics, specifically through a case study of the Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games emblem. An emblem is an image which has a specific form, and the audience deduce meanings from the image. In this study, I suggest a methodology approaching ‘possible worlds’ by focusing on a locutionary act, that is a ‘Pragmatic Situation’ in which an expression is actualized, rather than merely reading and interpreting the signs or image of the emblem. In particular, abstract ‘formant’s, which unlike emblems with a concrete ‘structure’, we have to be able to use rather inventive meta-language to understand. Therefore, I consider abstract ‘formant’s as concrete in terms of a ‘semiotic possible world’. For example, ‘ㅍ’, a visual element of the Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games emblem and the initial consonant of the syllable ‘평’ from the name of the city ‘평창’, expresses symbolically one of the traditional Korean ideas of the harmony of the universe, the earth, and people. As the initial consonant of ‘창’, ‘ㅊ’ symbolizes snow and ice crystals and the Olympic athletes. Through the images of winter sports and competitors, the emblem symbolizes sports stars rising up from the Olympic Games. Therefore, the emblem implies the meanings of the Olympic Games as well as representing the images of the hosting city and national identity. In conclusion, the Olympic Games emblem works as a medium leading audiences to experience a possible world, which can be interpreted and experienced in a many ways, as ‘truth’ by reflecting the harmony of time (the present and the past) and space (as a global village).

Enhanced Surveillance for the Sports Festival in Tokyo 2013: Preparation for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Enhanced surveillance was conducted during the Sports Festival in Tokyo 2013 (September 28-October 14, 2013) for early detection of outbreaks of infectious diseases and other health emergencies. Through this enhanced surveillance, 15 cases were found that required additional gathering of information outside the routine process of creating/evaluating the Daily Report. However, none of these was assessed as critical. Through the enhanced surveillance, we structured a framework that allows for earlier response when detecting aberrations. It includes the role of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government in communications and contacts with relevant parties such as public health centers, as well as in monitoring of surveillance data. However, some issues need to be further considered toward the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, such as establishing the criteria for additional response steps, increasing the number of participating bodies in syndromic surveillance, and strengthening of cooperation with related departments, including those for crisis management assuming potential biological/chemical terrorism.

A Study on the Establishment Process of National Sports Festival

A Study on the Establishment Process of National Sports Festival

Athletes' Experiences at the Youth Olympic Games: Perceptions, Stressors, and Discourse Paradox

The purpose of this article was to understand young athletes' experiences at a youth sport festival, specifically the Youth Olympic Games (YOG). A mixed methods approach was used, comprising of qualitative and quantitative questionnaires with athletes from Canada and Norway, and observations during the 2012 Winter YOG in Innsbruck, Austria. In general, the young athletes had a positive experience, including the village environment, sport venues, travel, security, ceremonies, and medical services. They especially enjoyed the informal, international, sociocultural experiences. Food quality, accommodations, outdoor venue conditions, travel, security, and communications formed the main stressors according to the young athletes. Findings highlight the effect of the athletes' young age, country of origin, and Games inexperience on their experiences, perceptions, and stressors, as well as paradoxes surrounding the International Olympic Committee's YOG discourse and decisions.

한국 남자 창던지기 선수들의 창의 운동학적 요인과 기록과의 관계

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between distance and factors of javelin in korean male``s javelin throwing. To accomplish this purpose, the analyzed trail selected total 29 trails (subjects 9) recorded more than 65 m in the 93rd National Sports Festival. The Kwon3D 3.1 version was used to obtain the three dimensional coordinates about the top, grip, end of javelin. And the kinematic data such as projection factors and direction angle of javelin calculated using Matlab2009a program. The statical analysis on the records (n=29) were used to Pearson``s product moment correlation coefficient. There was a statistically positive relationship between the records and horizontal velocity (r=.866, ρ<.01), height (r=.541, ρ<.001), height rate (r=.373, ρ<.05) and horizontal displacement of javelin (r=.749, ρ<.01), but the medial/lateral velocity showed a negative relationship to r=-.663 (ρ<.01). The attack and yaw angle showed not a significant relationship between the records, but the medial-lateral tilt (E1:r =-.557 [p<.01)] E2:r=-.629 [ρ<.01], E3:r=-.528 [ρ<.01]) and attitude angle (E2:r=-.629 [ρ<.01], E3:r=-.619 [ρ<.01]) of javelin showed a negative relationship between the records, as well as the projection angle of javelin (r=-.419, ρ<.05) showed a negative relationship between the records.

예비체육교사의 패럴림픽에 대한 이해도 비교 연구

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of understanding for pre-service physical-education teachers about the Paralympics and the differences between physical education majors and adapted physical education majors. For the purpose of the survey, a distinct difference between the groups on a survey has been identified. The survey material used for this study with a modification is based on Yeon-Sook Ko, Kyung-Sook Kim``s modified survey(2005) that scale analysis of disability attitude factor, which DFS(Disability Factor Scale) invented by Siller(1983) and translated by Jong-Nam Lee(1994), was used as a reference. For this study, collected 380 papers of information was updated and SPSS 18.0 program was used for its analysis with significant level of 5 percent or below. The frequency analysis has been conducted to figure out the subject``s general features, and t-test which is mean difference analysis and One-Way ANOVA have been conducted to see the awareness of the Paralympics. These tests were also used to verify differences between the two groups differentiated by major. The result are as followed. First, male have better understanding toward Paralympics than female do. However, none of statistical significance-difference was found. Second, the level of understanding toward Paralympics for all graders shows no sign of statistical significance-difference. Third, overall, adapted physical education majors have decent level of understanding toward Paralympics and the gap created from the fact, that whether he/she took adapted physical education classes, was shown. Fourth, a group with experience of volunteering turned out to have high level of understanding toward Paralympics and statistical significance-difference was found. It is shown that the differences about understanding toward Paralympics between the groups exist and pre-service physical-education teachers have lower level of understanding toward Paralympics compared to adapted physical-education majors. Fifth, the understanding level of pre-service physical-education teachers indicates areal gap and classes taken. In this study, a survey has been developed to find out the understanding level of Paralympics, which is one of the major events, for pre-service physical-education teachers and the differences between the groups have been identified. In this study which is to develop a survey as base line data to vitalize , it is suggested as followed. First, due to the fact that pre-service physical-education teachers were the subject for this study, an additionalstudy for a group of teachers who are currently working in the field should be made. Second, this study is only for major events of disabled for Paralympics. Later on, hence, study including morefeatures is a mandatory, such as various games, domestic sports festival for the people with handicapped. Third, due to this study is focused on pre-service physical education teacher, later, research which is forspecial education teacher should be needed for their better physical education service.

3C06 サレジオ高専における地域スポーツ交流大会開催の意義 : サレジオカップ・サッカー大会参加者の意識調査から((22)地域貢献・地場産業との連携-I,口頭発表)

3C06 サレジオ高専における地域スポーツ交流大会開催の意義 : サレジオカップ・サッカー大会参加者の意識調査から((22)地域貢献・地場産業との連携-I,口頭発表)