Field Of Sport Psychology Research Articles

Reflections and insights on a mindfulness, acceptance, and commitment-based (MAC) intervention with complementary Self-Determination Theory (SDT) principles delivered by a coach

This paper presents a case of implementing a MAC-based intervention, empowered by SDT principles, delivered by the coach. As the MAC-based approach becomes dominant in the sport psychology field and SDT is a leading motivational approach applied to sports coaching, a 10-session program was delivered by the head coach to a group of 28 gymnasts. The intervention included psychoeducation on core MAC principles (e.g., values, acceptance, defusion) and was guided by the coach's efforts to fulfill the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The intervention program protocol aligned with the coach's reflections are presented in each session. In conclusion, despite some constraints, this intervention framework holds potential for contributing to youth athletes' performance, well-being, and psychological development.

Identifying the Characteristics of a Sport Psychologist Competencies: Athletes' and Consultants' Perspective

Background: In the process of psychological programs as a specialized stream, the psychologists should know their clients better and finally find the right solution to solve the problem Methods: The research method was mixed. In the qualitative, content analysis method was used and in the quantitative section, structural equation model was used. First, 11 interviews were conducted with experts in the field of sports psychology. In the latter stage, the number of samples was 108 (including 44 sports psychologists and 64 national team athletes). Qualitative and quantitative methods of descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation analysis were used for data analysis using PLS Smart 3.2 software. Results: Results indicated that the extracted categories in qualitative part of the study included personality traits, consulting skills, knowledge and expertise, professional ethics, sports knowledge, and cognitive ability. The exploratory factor analysis showed that communication skills component was replaced with the knowledge and expertise. Conclusions: According to the results, both sports consultants and athletes believed that characteristics and abilities of a good psychologist include consulting skills, personality traits, communication skills, cognitive skills, and professional ethics. However, regarding the variable of sports knowledge, the athletes emphasized this factor more and believed that an effective sports psychologist should have the necessary sports knowledge in the field.

TECHNOLOGY OF PSYCHO-REGULATION METHOD IMPLEMENTAION IN ORIENTAL MARTIAL ARTS

To achieve success in sports, various psychological activities are used, including methods of psychoregulation. The study used the most accessible and practical methods of regulating mental state and improving performance in the competitive process. The purpose of the research is to explore the most widely used methods of psycho-regulation in the field of sports psychology, their instruction at the training phase and their implementation in the pre-competitive and competitive process among karatekas. Study and analysis of professional literature, application of psycho-regulation methods and breathing exercises and observations. A number of psychoregulation techniques and methods used by us were trained and applied in Oriental sport Kyokushin karate. Based on the specifics of the sport, psychoregulation training with 15 karate students was carried out three times a week for a month, lasting from 15 to 20 minutes at the end of the training. Therefore, training and the use of psychoregulatory techniques in the competitive process were carried out with the karatekas, as a result of which we received positive dynamics.The athletes managed to activate (mobilize) or quiet their emotions on their own, depending on the situation, which allows them to make the most of their training opportunities. We have used and improved new approaches for the first time, combining traditionalpsychoregulation and meditation techniques in karate, which served as the basis for new researches.

A Second-Generation Mindfulness-Based Intervention Focusing on Flow State: A Samatha-Based Training

Currently, there is no empirical research on second-generation mindfulness training in the field of sport psychology. This study designed Samatha-based training (SBT) according to the principles of Samatha (a Buddhist practice) and preliminarily tested its influence on flow state. A total of 22 martial-arts-routine athletes were divided into two groups: the SBT group (n = 10) and the wait-list group (n = 12). The 7-week intervention demonstrated that SBT significantly enhanced the scores in present-moment attention, awareness, and flow state. These results support the effectiveness of SBT as a novel second-generation mindfulness-based intervention. Furthermore, the concept of mindfulness is discussed from the Samatha perspective, and subsequently, the reason that SBT promotes flow state was explored from a new perspective.

Features of the psychological state of students in conditions of self-isolation

The purpose of the presented research is to study the domestic scientific works of the psychological state of students in conditions of self-isolation. The methods: to study the peculiarities of the psychological state of students in conditions of self-isolation by theoretical analysis of scientific publications of researchers in the field of sports psychology. The results: the features of the psychological state of student youth in conditions of self-isolation are considered, which can contribute to programs to increase the effectiveness of psychological assistance from sports psychologists in order to ensure psychological well-being and maintain athletic fitness by students in an unforeseen situation. The article presents a project aimed at creating a system of scientific and methodological support for the professional activities of sports psychologists, educational support for the sports community and student youth, in particular. As a result of the project, it should not only be expected an increase in the prestige of a sports psychologist profession, but also the creation of a reliable system of psychological support for boys and girls in conditions of possible self-isolation.

A115: Revision of the Chinese Version of Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short for Middle School Students

Purpose: The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire -Short (PSDQ-S) is one of the world's recognized effective tools for measuring Physical Self-Concept (PSC). However, Latent profile analysis of the physical self-description among Chinese adolescents only supported the 3-dimensional model of PSDQ-S, that is, it could only distinguish the Physical Activity (PA), Appearance, and Body Fat of Chinese children and adolescents, but could not effectively distinguish the 8 dimensions of Coordination, Flexibility, Strength, Endurance, Sport, Global Physical, Health, and Global Esteem. It cannot meet the needs of PSC measurement in the field of sports psychology in China. The purpose of this study was to revise the PSDQ-S for Chinese middle school students, and to test its reliability, validity, and gender measurement equivalence in Chinese middle school students. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the Chinese version of PSDQ-S. 2505 middle school students in grades 7-12 (12-18 years old) were selected from seven administrative geographic regions of North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest and Northwest China, among which 1239 were male subjects, with an average age of (15.07±1.93) years, Female subjects were 1266, with an average age of (15.02±2.04) years. SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for data analysis. Results: Eight common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance interpretation rate was 79.45%. Confirmatory factor analysis support 8 factor model hypothesis (χ2 / df = 1.846, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.929, SRMR = 0.050, RMSEA = 0.061). The 8 dimensions were Physical Activity, Appearance, Body Fat, Flexibility & Coordination, Endurance, Sport, Global Physical and Health. The average variance extraction of each factor of the Chinese version PSDQ-S convergence validity index was greater than 0.50, and the combination reliability was greater than 0.60. The gender equivalence hypothesis was established. Conclusions: The revised Chinese version of PSDQ-S has good reliability, validity, and gender equivalence. It can be used as a measurement tool of PSC of Chinese middle school students.

Sports Motivation, Its Psychological Aspects and Ways to Increase Students’ Motivation

The monograph is devoted to the issues of the essence of sports motivation, its main psychological aspects, as well as the choice of ways to improve it among students of modern educational institutions of various profiles. It summarises the experience of studying a wide range of problematic aspects of the development of motivational factors among athletes of various sports, as well as among students of higher and secondary educational institutions actively involved in sports and physical culture. This monograph is of practical interest to coaches and specialists in the field of sports psychology, whose immediate responsibilities include the psychological support of athletes, the provision of advice at all stages of the training process, as well as psychological assistance in case of problems of a drop in the level of sports motivation.

Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire: A Mokken Scale Analysis

Athletes’ goal orientations have been associated with a wide array of sport-related behaviors, thoughts, and perceptions. The two main goal orientations defined in the achievement goal theory framework are task and ego orientations. The task and ego orientation questionnaire (TEOSQ) was developed to assess levels of task and ego goal orientations in sport-related settings and is widely used in research in the field of sport psychology. Its use in research rests on the assumption that sum scores of the TEOSQ can be used to order individuals by their levels of the two goal orientations. In this study, the soundness of this assumption is evaluated using Mokken scale analysis (MSA). TEOSQ responses from 749 football players were used in the analysis. Both the monotone homogeneity model and the double monotonicity model were fitted. The scalability coefficients for both the task and ego orientation subscales were 0.45 indicating a moderately good scalability. Invariant item ordering did not hold for either of the two subscales. There is definite room for improvement in the TEOSQ. Several improvement suggestions are made and further research directions are discussed.

Implementing a Novel Team Performance Profiling Activity with Young Athletes

Performance profiling is a widely used assessment and monitoring method within the field of sport psychology. As a client-centered tool, it helps athletes, coaches, and practitioners identify the characteristics perceived necessary for successful performance. However, traditional methods of performance profiling are not always appropriate for younger athletes or for application outside of an office or classroom. In line with recommendations from previous research, this article presents the experiences of a trainee sport and exercise psychologist during the development and implementation of a novel, team performance profiling activity. The activity was introduced in a workshop delivered to a youth soccer team to determine the content of three additional workshops. During the activity, the soccer players collaborated to identify the best soccer player in the world (i.e., Lionel Messi) and the behaviors, feelings, and thoughts that enabled him to be successful. Then, as a team, they rated their abilities with regards to the identified behaviors, feelings, and thoughts on a scale of 1 to 5 in relation to Lionel Messi, to identify their potential strengths and areas for improvement. For a visual representation of the ratings, colored cones were used. The trainee’s experiences highlight the challenges of adapting traditional sport psychology tools.

"Hooliganism" from Students' Point of View of Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University

The research aims to identify the hooliganism of sports intolerance and the most important factors of a social and economic nature affecting the events of acts of intolerance in Saudi sports stadiums from the point of view of the students at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University in Dammam by answering the following two questions: What is the hooliganism of sports intolerance? And what are the most important factors of a social and economic nature affecting the events of acts of intolerance in Saudi sports stadiums from the point of view of the students at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University in Dammam. The researcher used the descriptive approach (survey studies) for its relevance to the study. The descriptive approach (survey studies) was used for its suitability and the nature of the study procedures. The study sample consists of (500) students from Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University in Dammam, who were randomly selected from among the various collages of the university for the scientific and humanitarian major for the academic year 2021/2022. A questionnaire was designed to identify the actual reality of hooliganism of sports intolerance from the point of view of the students at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University in Dammam. Researcher presented the questionnaire in its initial form to (10) experts in the field of sports psychology and sports management in order to identify the validity of the content of the questionnaire through the arbitrators, as well as to identify the appropriateness of the questionnaire phrases. The results shows that the difference in the technical level of referees from one to another, and that the sports media, visual or audio, have a major and vital role in the hooliganism of sport, and the culture of the individual and his social upbringing and the lack of public awareness of good sports and sportsmanship affect sports hooliganism.

Bruce G. Klonsky (1950-2022).

This article memorializes Bruce G. Klonsky (1950-2022), a devoted State University of New York at Fredonia (SUNY) educator and researcher. After joining SUNY Fredonia Psychology Department in 1979, he taught a wide range of psychology courses (15+), supervised hundreds of internship students, and was a creative research mentor for many undergraduates. His own research focused on leadership, social and personality development, and sport psychology, most recently examining the use of sport psychologists by professional sports teams. He was also active in the Association for Applied Sport Psychology, where he achieved both a valued certification as a Mental Performance Consultant and an honored appointment to Fellow Status for his contributions to the field of sport psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Not so rebel after all: Profiling personality traits in mountain running athletes

In the field of sport psychology, trait theories view personality characteristics as the main determinants of behavior. This study explored personality traits in athletes of a growing sport, trail or mountain ultrarunning, a group for which previous studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the dominant traits and which traits are associated with sporting success. The NEO-FFI questionnaire by Costa and McCrae (1992) was applied online to a sample of 86 trail runners (60 men and 26 women), who participated in a competition in Chile. It sought to determine what the personality profile of these athletes was like; to identify if there were significant differences between this population and the normal population; and if there were differences among them according to gender, the distance in which they competed, the results in the competition, and the motivations they stated for running. For each comparison, a Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was performed to measure its differences and respective statistical significance. Results showed that the personality profile of the mountain runners matched that of successful athletes in terms of high Conscientiousness and low Neuroticism, however, Openness to Experience scores showed no significant differences with the normal population. Neither did significant differences appear in any of the traits between ultradistance and shorter distance runners, nor according to their motivations for running, nor between male and female runners (except in the Agreeableness dimension). Finally, a clustering of the runners was outlined according to their personality profiles and performance, to see if they fit existing classifications that distinguish between recreational and results-oriented athletes, observing that it was possible to establish distinct profiles among runners. These results are of relevance to sports practitioners, who can design tailored interventions according to athletes´ personality profiles and prevent negative consequences when these traits become associated with unhealthy behaviors. The modest gender differences found, allow questioning gender stereotypes within the sport and fostering a more equitable approach to athlete training. This knowledge can contribute to further growing the sport of trail and ultrarunning in Chile and Latin America. Keywords: trail runners; ultrarunners; endurance sports; personality; Big Five

사회체육 참가자들의 신체적 자아개념과 자기관리가 만족도와 활동 후 행동에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to popularize sports and expand the base by analyzing data on the effect of physical self-concept and self-management on satisfaction and post-activity behavior of social sports participants, and to provide important clues to researchers in the field of sports psychology. have. In order to achieve this purpose, as a result of a survey of 387 participants in social sports, the following conclusions were obtained. First, in the effect of physical self-concept on satisfaction and post-activity behavior of social and physical education participants, physical self-concept factors that affect satisfaction appeared as health, flexibility, and strength. Appearance, health, strength, and endurance were found to have an effect. Second, in the effect of self-management on satisfaction and post-activity behavior of social sports participants, the factors affecting self-management on satisfaction were body management and interpersonal management. Reparticipation intention was mental management, word of mouth intention was interpersonal. Management and mental management were found to have an effect.

The Importance of Emotional Intelligence in University Athletes: Analysis of Its Relationship with Anxiety

In the field of sport psychology, research on emotional intelligence and its relationship with other psychological variables to determine how it affects the athlete's performance is becoming more frequent and prevalent. Among these psychological variables, research in this field has focused on the evaluation of the influence of aspects such as motivation, leadership, self-concept, and anxiety. The main objective of this research is to analyze the levels of each of the dimensions of emotional intelligence (attention, clarity, and emotional regulation) and their relationship with each of the SCAT items to measure pre-competitive anxiety. To do so, we analyzed the influence that one psychological construct has on the other, in order to establish the type of relationships that are established between them. The design of this research corresponds to be transversal, observational, quantitative, and descriptive. The sample consisted of 165 students belonging to university degrees (bachelor's and master's) related to physical activity and sport sciences. The main finding of this study allows us to affirm the relationship between emotional intelligence and anxiety. This confirms the hypothesis that anxiety is an indispensable component of any competitive situation, and that neither the total absence of anxiety nor high levels of it leads to better sports performance. Therefore, sport psychology should focus on the emotional preparation of athletes so that they can manage and control their anxiety at intermediate levels, which in addition to being typical of a competitive situation, is also synonymous with good sporting performance.

International Society of Sport Psychology position stand: scientist practitioners

ABSTRACTThere has been a long-standing discourse about science-driven practice, and related, the scientist practitioner, spanning more than 40 years. The International Society of Sport Psychology is devoting considerable attention to scientist practitioners within the recently established International Society of Sport Psychology Registry (ISSP-R) and Supervisor (ISSP-S) designations. The ISSP seeks to expand this discussion by (a) synthesising the literature, and (b) adopting a more geographically expansive outlook towards scientist practitioner knowledge. This position stand is presented in three sections. Section one is focused on the characteristics of the scientist practitioners. Section two exemplifies two approaches (Great Britain and China) in the application of scientist practitioner service. Section three includes six conclusions and recommendations towards the furtherance of this expansive discussion within the international field of sport psychology.

지식 그래프를 통한 중국 스포츠심리학 연구동향 분석

This study conducted a visual analysis and content analysis based on knowledge graphs of 1852 papers in the field of sport psychology published in the CSSCI database as of December 31, 2021. The research trends of sports psychology in China were identified by selecting items from the publication year, author, institution, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword cluster as analysis indicators, and the main conclusions through the derived research results are as follows. First, the number of publications showed an overall upward trend before 2008, and a downward trend after 2008. Under the influence of the Olympics, the hosting of academic conferences, or national policies, the annual number of publications peaked twice in 2008 and 2013. Second, the author who published the most papers was Zhang Liwei of Beijing Sports University, and Ji Liu and Zhang Zhongqiu had the highest centrality. Third, the institution that published the most papers is Beijing Sport University, and the largest co-occurrence network consists of 33 institutions, including Shanghai University of Sport. Fourth, Chinese scholars have already conducted sports psychology research in different fields. Representative keyword clusters are sports psychology, athletes, sports activities, psychology, excellent athletes, psychological health, psychological stress, validity, psychology of physical education, and college students.

Cohesion and collective efficacy as antecedents and team performance as an outcome of team resilience in team sports

This research project, composed of two studies, aimed to analyse various antecedents and outcomes of team resilience. Study 1, which involved 394 sports team players ( Mage = 20.41, SD = 5.23), cross-sectionally examined the relationship between group cohesion and collective efficacy with team resilience, and the mediating effect of collective efficacy on the cohesion-team resilience relationship, using players’ perceptions assessed through questionnaires. Study 2, which involved 434 players ( Mage = 21.53, SD = 5.57) from collective sports, aimed to longitudinally corroborate the relationship between cohesion (Time 1) and collective efficacy (Time 1) with team resilience (Time 2), and to examine perceived team performance (Time 2) as a consequence of team resilience, again evaluated through questionnaires. Results showed that task cohesion, social cohesion and collective efficacy in Studies 1 and 2 were positively related to resilience characteristics. Also, task cohesion was negatively related to vulnerability under pressure in both studies. Collective efficacy was also shown to be an antecedent of vulnerability under pressure in Study 1 and a mediator of the relationship between task cohesion and resilience characteristics in both studies. Lastly, team resilience was a predictor of perceived team performance at the end of the season in Study 2. Thus, the findings provide new empirical evidence of the antecedents and outcomes of team resilience in the field of sports psychology. Coaches and practitioners should develop group cohesion and collective efficacy in training sessions and matches during the season to achieve more resilient and less vulnerable teams.

Psychological endurance among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at University of Mosul

The study carried out by the two researchers aimed to identify the degree of psychological endurance among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul in general, and the research sample consisted of (186) male and female students, from the second, third, and fourth year students. The researchers used the descriptive approach for its suitability with the nature of the current research, and the researchers presented the psychological stress scale prepared by (Al-Dosky, 2017), to a group of (21) experts and specialists in the field of educational psychology, sports psychology, measurement and evaluation. , The researchers obtained an agreement rate of (80%) on the validity of using the scale in the current research, and the opinions of some experts with precise specialization in the field of sports psychology were taken, where the researchers reformulated some paragraphs and adapted them to suit the current research sample. Without this modification affecting or disturbing the general meaning of the paragraph, and after conducting scientific transactions, the validity of the scale was extracted using the apparent validity method, and its stability was confirmed using the Alpha-Kornbach method. Psychological endurance, and after collecting and unloading the data, the researchers analyzed them statistically using the statistical analysis program (SPSS). Mosul are characterized by a high degree of psychological endurance in general, and the researchers recommended the necessity of paying attention to the psychological aspect through activating and teaching psychology from the first school year to the fourth academic year of the university stage and giving it great priority and attention, and it is worth noting that this study was conducted during the extended time period (From 11/26/2020 to 23/4/2021)

High school coaches’ attitudes toward sport psychology consultation and the barriers to implementation of sport psychology services

The purpose of this study was to examine high school coaches’ attitudes toward sport psychology consultation and the barriers to implementation of sport psychology services. A convenience sample of 296 high school coaches ( nmale = 225; nfemale = 71) across the Northeast region of the United States completed the Sport Psychology Attitudes Revised Coaches-2 questionnaire and an open-ended question, “What are the barriers to using a sport psychology consultant with your team?”. Results showed that high school coaches had a positive attitude toward sport psychology services, believed these services were useful, were moderately willing to be personally involved in these services with their athletes, and did not show a strong preference for those of a similar cultural identity. However, barriers to implementation of sport psychology services were identified, such as cost, time, sport psychology consultant access and availability, coaches’ lack of knowledge about the role of a sport psychology consultant, stigma from the athletes, lack of administrative and parental support, “fit” and competency of the sport psychology consultant, evidence of effectiveness, no need for a sport psychology consultant, and issues with confidentiality/consent. These barriers reflect the current challenges associated with the standards of practice within the field of sport psychology. Expanding sport psychology services to the high school domain has the potential to foster young athletes’ emotional and physical development and thus, improve athlete performance.

Mental Health in Athletes: Where Are the Treatment Studies?

In recent years, athletes’ mental health has gained interest among researchers, sport practitioners, and the media. However, the field of sport psychology lacks empirical evidence on the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health problems and disorders in athletes. Thus far, intervention research in sport psychology has mainly focused on performance enhancement using between-subject designs and healthy athlete samples. In the current paper, we highlight three interrelated key issues in relation to treating mental health problems and disorders in athletes. (i) How are mental health and mental health problems and disorders defined in the sport psychology literature? (ii) How are prevalence rates of mental health problems and disorders in athletes determined? (iii) What is known about psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health problems and disorders in athletes? We conclude that the reliance on different definitions and assessments of mental health problems and disorders contributes to heterogeneous prevalence rates. In turn, this limits our understanding of the extent of mental health problems and disorders in athletes. Furthermore, knowledge of the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for athletes with mental health problems and disorders is scarce. Future research should include athletes with established mental health problems and disorders in intervention studies. We also propose an increased use of N-of-1 trials to enhance the knowledge of effective psychotherapeutic interventions in this population.