School Sports Research Articles

Online school sport club in South Korea: policy adaptation towards youth development through sport during touchless era

ABSTRACT Using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory, this qualitative case study aimed to explore how the online school sport clubs (O-SSC) were developed and administered as a counteraction against the pandemic and the meanings of the O-SSC from stakeholders’ perspectives in South Korea. Data were collected from official and open-source O-SSC materials, working-level meeting logs, and in-depth interviews with six policy stakeholders that included superintendents and teachers in Seoul, South Korea. The findings revealed four themes regarding the development of the policy and perceived changes as a result of the implementation of O-SSC: (a) thinking outside the box beyond traditional sports, (b) melting the frozen gym, (c) setting the stage beyond stereotypes in sport and physical spaces, and (d) unlimited opportunities to challenge: ‘you can try it again tomorrow’. The discussion addressed the following: (a) O-SSC as a domino effect for youth development through sport and (b) balance between sportisation and healthisation. The O-SSC generated a transformative chain of changes, providing youths with a new sporting developmental asset and prioritising students’ basic psychological needs and motivation. Furthermore, it embraced the inclusiveness, a quality missing in traditional school sport, and integrated aspects of physical fitness to tackle the adolescents’ physical inactivity caused by COVID-19. To conclude, it is imperative to call for the development of school sport policy that is more adaptive, inclusive, and future-oriented, not just to prepare for future contingencies but to embrace new possibilities of school sport for the benefit of school-age adolescents.

Diagnosis of The Training of Business Administrators of The National School of Sports and Its Incidence on The Generation of Soft Skills Year 2023

Objective: The research carries out a diagnosis of the training of business administrators and its impact on the generation of soft skills of the students of the program, at the National Sports School University Institution for the year 2023. Method: A theoretical-empirical investigation was carried out, whose approach is descriptive, keeping in mind the objective to be achieved. Reflecting whether the training activities in which the student is involved really contribute to the development of soft skills. Starting from the idea of ​​the constant change that is evident today in the capture of human capital by organizations, turning the above into a fundamental and necessary point for the evaluation of human capital. Research Findings and Discussions: The labor field was identified as a generating source of soft skills in the majority of the research participants, being of utmost importance the incursion into the program of activities that generate the previous ones, starting from the confrontation of the academic field with the economic sector, in simulated environments. Implications of the research: The research involved determining the scope and limitations of business administrator training around soft skills, a fundamental aspect regarding the student's employment relationship. Value originality: This research helps higher education entities identify adjustments or changes that they must make regarding the training of business administrators in favor of a successful connection to the labor field.

The influence of self-efficacy and experience of Sri Lankan teachers on their experience of occupational stress and resilience

Back ground: The study focussed on the teaching community of Sri Lanka which examined, sense of efficacy, stress, years in service and resilience. Aims: There were two objectives in the study. First objective was to examine whether there was a relationship between a teacher’s sense of efficacy and the perceived occupational stress. Second objective was to understand whether a teacher’s years in service had an impact on their resilience. Method: A questionnaire with few demographic questions and three scales which assessed their sense of efficacy, occupational stress and resilience were presented via Qualitrics. Participants were attracted through a social media advert. Approval was granted to conduct the study under reference number UG7496 by the ethics panel of Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences. A quantitative research was conducted and the collected data was analysed using SPSS. Results: A total number of 113 responses were collected where 89 responses were used for analysis. Spearman’s correlation tests were carried out, and the computed results indicated a moderate negative relationship between teacher’s sense of efficacy and occupational stress, r=-0.56, n=89, p<.001. Further, a strong positive relationship was indicated between years in service and resilience of a teacher, r=0.70, n=89, p<.001. Conclusions: Both hypotheses which were tested were supported by the obtained results. Therefore, it was suggested that teachers with greater sense of efficacy perceived less occupational tress and teachers with more work experience had higher levels of resilience.

The Role of School Sports in Shaping Student Identity and Social Relationships

This qualitative study explores the impact of school sports on student identity and social relationships in Vietnamese secondary schools. Employing in-depth interviews, focus groups, and observational methods, the research examines the experiences of students, coaches, and administrators across three distinct school settings. Findings indicate that participation in school sports significantly enhances students' self-perception and identity, facilitates robust social connections, and fosters community. Additionally, the study reveals that school sports programs are efeectively integrated with Vietnamese cultural values, particularly emphasizing collectivism and community orientation. However, gender difeerences in sports participation highlight the need for more inclusive and gender-sensitive program designs. The study also identifies challenges related to resource limitations and balancing academic and sports commitments, suggesting areas for policy enhancement. This research contributes to the broader understanding of the educational value of extracurricular activities. It underscores the potential of school sports as a tool for personal and social development in academic settings. Importantly, the findings ofeer practical and actionable insights for educators and policymakers, providing a roadmap to optimize the benefits of school sports programs.

The relationships among trait mindfulness, obsessive passion, and emotions in high school sport managers

Purpose Mindfulness emerges as a possible means to alleviate obsessive passion. Nevertheless, its application in sport leadership context remains understudied, despite the significant levels of stress and turnover that are common in this profession. This study aims to investigate the relationships among trait mindfulness, obsessive passion, and specific positive (e.g., happiness), neutral (e.g., calmness), and negative (e.g., anger) emotions in high school sport managers. Method In total, 358 high school sport managers ( Mage = 48.47, SD = 8.93) working in 46 states in the United States completed the online questionnaires measuring the proposed variables. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized to examine the hypotheses. Result The results showed that trait mindfulness negatively predicted obsessive passion. Additionally, obsessive passion negatively predicted the feelings of happiness and calmness, while it positively predicted anger. The mediation analysis revealed that obsessive passion fully mediated the relationships between trait mindfulness and the three types of emotion. Conclusion These findings are significant because they demonstrate the buffering role of trait mindfulness in obsessive passion. Furthermore, the study provides meaningful insights into sport managers’ emotional experiences, particularly by empirically examining the effect of obsessive passion on different emotions.

Developing athletes into cooperative learners: the potential in viewing coaches as educators and coaching as teaching

ABSTRACT Talent development environments are usually group-based, meaning athletes comprise each other’s learning context. Consequently, athletes’ ability to learn with and from each other is essential. This implies that there is a key role for coaches to play in cultivating reciprocal, cooperative athletes and creating talent environments in which participants can ‘learn to learn’. The aim of this study was to create knowledge on day-to-day coaching conduct that supports the development of athletes’ reciprocal abilities. Observations of 75 h of football (soccer) lessons within the Swedish Football Association’s school sports programme – a cornerstone of the FA’s talent development system, located in upper secondary schools – were carried out over the course of three school semesters, and included in-depth interviews with the teacher-coaches. Data were analysed using the five key teaching pillars within a cooperative learning approach: positive interdependence, individual accountability, face-to-face interaction, interpersonal skills and group processing. Findings show how teacher-coaches engage in activities that focus on organization of lessons and structuring of group work to create situations where individuals are motivated to learn, but also motivated to support other group members’ learning. Thereby, teacher-coaches place more emphasis on positive interdependence, individual accountability, face-to-face interaction. In contrast, findings also show how teacher-coaches to a lesser extent perform coaching conduct associated with lesson content that has the potential to develop the skills and abilities required to participate in and benefit from group work – interpersonal skills, and group processing. This means that while teacher-coaches seem well-equipped to create learning environments that support reciprocal learning, they may benefit from challenging the role of the coach as an expert and tackle the preconceptions around cooperative behaviours that athletes bring from club football contexts. Taken together, these findings point to the need for a better understanding of overlapping learning sites within talent systems.

Widespread White Matter Abnormalities in Concussed Athletes Detected by 7T Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Sports-related concussions may cause white matter injuries and persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS). We hypothesized that athletes with PPCS would have neurocognitive impairments and white matter abnormalities that could be revealed by advanced neuroimaging using ultra-high field strength diffusion tensor (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis (DKI) imaging metrics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. A cohort of athletes with PPCS severity limiting the ability to work/study and participate in sport school and/or social activities for ≥6 months completed 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (morphological T1-weighed volumetry, DTI and DKI), extensive neuropsychological testing, symptom rating, and CSF biomarker sampling. Twenty-two athletes with PPCS and 22 controls were included. Concussed athletes performed below norms and significantly lower than controls on all but one of the psychometric neuropsychology tests. Supratentorial white and gray matter, as well as hippocampal volumes did not differ between concussed athletes and controls. However, of the 72 examined white matter tracts, 16% of DTI and 35% of DKI metrics (in total 28%) were significantly different between concussed athletes and controls. DKI fractional anisotropy and axial kurtosis were increased, and DKI radial diffusivity and radial kurtosis decreased in concussed athletes when compared with controls. CSF neurofilament light (NfL; an axonal injury marker), although not glial fibrillary acidic protein, correlated with several diffusion metrics. In this first 7T DTI and DKI study investigating PPCS, widespread microstructural alterations were observed in the white matter, correlating with CSF markers of axonal injury. More white matter changes were observed using DKI than using DTI. These white matter alterations may indicate persistent pathophysiological processes following concussion in sport.

Study of the Level of Sports Addiction Among Students at the Faculty of Sports Science

The aim of this study was to investigate the exercise addiction of the students of the School of Physical Education and Sport and to determine the differences according to the type of exercise, age of exercise and load dynamics. The Exercise Addiction Scale (EBÖ-21) developed by Housenblas and Downs (2002) and the Turkish Validity and Reliability Study by Yeltepe and İkizler (2007) and the Personal Information Form were applied to the sample group. The sample of the study consisted of 245 athletes who regularly train at Afyon Kocatepe University School of Physical Education and Sports. Studies on this subject indicate that addiction to sports is similar to addiction to chemical substances due to the presence of withdrawal and tolerance symptoms. The results of the study presented show that self-confidence and athletic performance increase as the students' level increases. When evaluating exercise addiction by gender, it was found that female students were more likely than male students to consider physical problems and show self-control and interruption of exercise behaviour. When evaluated by age, exercise addiction was found to have decreased and been brought under control in older individuals, indicating progress in self-control of addiction.

Epidemiology of Sports Injuries Among High School Athletes in the United States: Data From 2015 to 2019.

Nearly 8 million high school students in the United States participate in sports each year. With the lack of recent population data, an update to previous studies on US high school athletes is needed. To update the epidemiology of sports injuries in high school athletes in the United States. Descriptive epidemiology study. The data from the National Health School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study, including 100 nationally representative high schools, were obtained for 9 high school sports (boys' football, soccer, basketball, wrestling, and baseball and girls' soccer, basketball, volleyball, and softball) between the 2015 and 2019 academic years. Injury rates were calculated as the ratio of injuries per 1000 athlete exposures (AEs), defined as 1 athlete participating in 1 practice or competition. Data on injured body area, injury type (sprains/strains, concussions, contusions, and fractures), time loss, and need for surgery were also obtained. Rate ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs and P values were calculated. Athletic trainers reported 15,531 injuries during 6,778,209 AEs, with an overall rate of 2.29 injuries per 1000 AEs. Injury rates were highest in football (3.96), girls' soccer (2.65), and boys' wrestling (2.36). The overall injury rate was lower in girls' sports (1.86) compared with boys' sports (2.52) (RR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.71-0.76]; P < .001) and was higher in competition compared with practice (RR, 3.39 [95% CI, 3.28-3.49]; P < .001). The most commonly injured body areas were the head/face (24.2%), ankle (17.6%), and knee (14.1%). Sprains/strains (36.8%) and concussions (21.6%) were the most common diagnoses. Overall, 39.2% and 34% of injuries resulted in a time loss of <1 week and 1 to 3 weeks, respectively. Surgery was required in 6.3% of injuries, with wrestling (9.6%), girls' basketball (7.6%), and boys' baseball (7.4%) being the sports with the highest proportion of injuries needing surgery. Study findings demonstrated that boys' football, girls' soccer, and boys' wrestling had the highest injury rates, with boys' sports overall having higher injury rates than girls' sports. Sprains/strains and concussions were the most common diagnoses. Few injuries required surgery.

Freestyle wrestling in sections of a school sports club

Introduction. Freestyle wrestling ensures effective development of various physical qualities and abilities in schoolchildren, and is among the most popular sports along with other types of martial arts and games. Freestyle wrestling is an appropriate means of sports-oriented physical education for schoolchildren, since it meets their interests and needs in physical education and sports. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a school sports club in organizing physical education and sports work, taking into account the interest of those involved, on the example of freestyle wrestling. Materials and methods. The pedagogical experiment involved implementing the developed methodology for freestyle wrestling in sections at the school sports club. 30 students from MBEI Secondary School No. 38 in Grozny (Russian Federation) took part in the experiment. Research results. Freestyle wrestling in sections at the school sports club significantly increases physical activity and preparedness of students. The comparative analysis showed a significant improvement in the test scores of the experimental group: 60 m standing-start run with hand support, sec – p &lt; 0.05; 5 successive somersaults, sec – p &lt; 0.05; pull-ups on a bar, number of times – p &lt; 0.05; forward bends from a sitting position, cm – p &lt;0.05; in the test shuttle run 3×10 m, sec – p &lt; 0.05; raising the body into a squat position in 30 sec, number of times – p &lt;0.05; and cross running 2000m, min – p&lt;0.05. Conclusion. The study confirmed the effectiveness of freestyle wrestling in sections at the school sports club. The proposed methodology will significantly increase physical activity, fitness and development of schoolchildren, and its use in the physical education system can be considered appropriate.

Landscapes of Performance: Using Local Geography for the Testing of Sport School Pupils in Sweden, 1972–2023

Does nature still matter in sport? In the balancing between natural and scientific training, Swedish upper-secondary ski schools have played an important role. This paper deals with specific landscape features for testing at three Swedish ski schools: Hallstatestet in Sollefteå, Hovfjällsracet in Torsby, and Stoltjonastestet in Järpen. The following questions will be addressed: How do the coaches at each school use local tests to analyze performance? How is the importance of local tests articulated, and what roles do history and nature play in this process? The paper concludes that the use of local landscapes to articulate elite performance connects ideas of measurability and scientization to the lingering tradition of natural training. Local landscapes thereby become a mediator between scientific and experiential knowledge about sport performance and point out how local sport heritage can be used for addressing environmental issues in sport.

Competencies of Junior High School Physical Education Sports and Health Teachers

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of pedagogic and professional competence of Physical Education Teacher for Sports and HealthFirst High School in Payakumbuh City. This type of research is quantitative using descriptive methods. The population in this study amounted to 18 people. The sampling technique used total sampling, thus the number of samples in this study amounted to 18 Physical Education Teachers for Sports and Health Junior High School in Payakumbuh City. The data analysis technique used is the percentage. The results of the study obtained that; The level of teacher competence of Sports physical Education and health Junior High Schools in Payakumbuh City are in the less category (62.56), which consists of pedagogic competence in the less category (63.17%), and professional competence in the less category (61.94%).

A Case Study on the Violence Case of an Elementary School Sports Club

A Case Study on the Violence Case of an Elementary School Sports Club

학교스포츠클럽 참여학생이 지각하는 케어링분위기가 운동흥미 및 스포츠인성에 미치는 영향요인 분석

학교스포츠클럽 참여학생이 지각하는 케어링분위기가 운동흥미 및 스포츠인성에 미치는 영향요인 분석

Persistence and Breakthrough: Opportunities, Missions and Challenges of School Sports Development Under the “Double Reduction” Policy

探讨“双减”政策下学校体验发展的机遇、使命与挑战。重点从坚持“以体育人”、立足学生健康成长、强化学校体育的主阵地作用等方面分析学校体育的伟大使命；从体育评价体系不完善、体育课程资源建设不理想、家校社协同机制不健全等方面面临的艰巨挑战。

The Realistic Dilemma and Implementation Path of Campus Football Development in Minority Areas under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy

On February 25, 2021, the National Poverty Alleviation Commendation Conference solemnly announced to the world that poverty alleviation has achieved comprehensive victory. Rural revitalization strategy is the new era to accelerate rural development, promote the integration of urban and rural development of the general starting point, the proposal of rural revitalization for the development of rural sports to create favorable conditions, but also provides an important opportunity for the vigorous development of rural campus football. Under the guarantee of the national government, the poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas has achieved initial results, but the geographical location of ethnic minority areas is remote, the distribution of personnel is relatively scattered, the educational environment is backward, and the teachers are insufficient, and many key problems still need to be "tailored". Campus football is the only way for the development of school sports in minority areas and a strong support for the high-quality development of school sports in rural areas. The development of campus football in minority areas is conducive to breaking the single physical education teaching mode in rural areas, promoting the all-round development of students' body and mind, awakening the sportsmanship of people in minority areas, and reducing the possibility of education in minority areas returning to poverty. Therefore, in combination with the national policy background of rural revitalization, this study investigates the difficulties and problems in the development of campus football in border minority areas by means of literature, questionnaire and field investigation, in order to analyze the predicament of campus football in minority areas, and aims to provide ideas for better development of campus football in minority areas.

Factors enabling and hindering sporting success among South African elite athletes from historically disadvantaged areas: Through a coaching lens

Sporting success among nations provides a sense of value and national pride. This paper evaluated the perceptions and experiences of national coaches on the enablers and hindrances of international sporting success by elite athletes from historically disadvantaged areas (HDA) using the SPLISS framework. A qualitative research study design was employed for this study. Ten internationally recognised coaches (46.7 ± 12.9 years) volunteered for the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Data was analysed using a computer software programme. Governance, organisation and sports policies, coach provision, local/international competition access, bursaries/scholarships and sport volunteerism were perceived as enablers, while lack of financial support, foundation level participation, school sport, athlete retention, sports facilities, reliable transport system and scientific support were perceived to be hindrances to sporting success. The findings highlight the need for policymakers to oversee and ensure a systemic governance approach with an integrated sports support system and effective policies, institutions and strategic planning, coupled with an adequate budget allocation in support of this system to facilitate elite sports success.

A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Case Study Investigation of the Academic, Athletic, Psychosocial and Psychological Impacts of Being a Sport School Student Athlete

BackgroundSport schools are popular environments for simultaneously delivering education and sport to young people. Previous research suggests sport school involvement to have impact (i.e. the positive/negative, intended/unintended and long/short-term outcomes, results and effects) on student athlete’s holistic (i.e. academic, athletic, psychosocial and psychological) development. However, previous research is limited by (1) cross-sectional methods, (2) limited multidimensional assessments, (3) lack of consideration for athlete characteristics (e.g. sex) and (4) failure to evaluate how sport school features affect student-athlete impacts.ObjectivesThe study, using a mixed methods case study approach, aims to (1) longitudinally evaluate the impact of sport school involvement on the holistic development of student athletes, (2) evaluate the impact on holistic development by student-athlete characteristics and (3) explore the features and processes of the sport–school programme that drive/facilitate holistic impacts.MethodsA longitudinal mixed methods design was employed across one full academic school year (33 weeks). Six data-collection methods (i.e. online questionnaire, physical fitness testing battery, academic assessment grades, log diaries, field notes/observation and timeline diagram/illustration) were used to assess the academic, athletic, psychosocial and psychological impacts for 72 student athletes from one sport school in the United Kingdom (UK).ResultsStudent athletes developed positive long-term holistic overall impacts (i.e. academically, athletically and personally), including maintaining stable and relatively high levels of sport confidence, academic motivation, general recovery, life skills, resilience and friends, family and free time scores. Despite positive impacts, juggling academic and sport workload posed challenges for student athletes, having the potential to lead to negative holistic impacts (e.g. fatigue, stress and injury). Positive and negative impacts were linked to many potential features and processes of the sport school (e.g. academic and athletic support services versus insufficient training load build-up, communication, coordination, flexibility and planning). Furthermore, when considering student-athlete characteristics, females had lower sport confidence, higher general stress and body image concerns and less general recovery than males and student athletes who played sport outside the school had lower general recovery.ConclusionsThis mixed method, longitudinal study demonstrated sport school involvement resulted in many positive academic (e.g. good grades), athletic (e.g. fitness development), psychosocial (e.g. enhanced confidence) and psychological (e.g. improved resilience) impacts attributed to the academic and athletic support services provided. However, juggling heavy academic and athletic workloads posed challenges leading to negative impacts including fatigue, pressure, stress and injury. Furthermore, holistic impacts may be sex dependent and further support may be required for female student athletes in sport school environments. Overall, these findings demonstrate the complex nature of combining education and sport commitments and how sport schools should manage, monitor and evaluate the features of their programme to maximise the holistic impacts of sport–school student athletes.

The key themes of issues and challenges in developing the quality framework for football coaching education in Malaysia

Sports coaching education and development has consistently been a topic of discussion on a global scale. Coaching education is considered to be essential for both sustaining and improving the quality of sports coaching. The development of a quality framework for sports education will serve as a guide to ensure consistency, relevance, and effectiveness in coaching and enable coaches to optimise athlete development and performance. This study aims to discuss the issues and challenges of developing the Malaysia Football Coaching Education Quality Framework. This study uses the qualitative method of Evolved Grounded Theory (EGT). The data from five football coaches (n=5) nationwide from the National Sports School, State Sports School, District Training Centre and Tunas Academy representing the executing group and five football stakeholders (n=5) representing the management group were collected from semii-structured in-depth interviews, observations and writing documents to determine the main issues and challenges. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Atlas.ti software through open coding, axial coding and selective coding processes. The following three themes emerged in the context of issues and challenges in developing the Malaysia Football Coaching Education Quality Framework: 1) Accredited Coaching Course/Coaching Certification, 2) Opportunity to Attend Coaching Course, and 3) Coaching Syllabus. Therefore, the findings will help national football stakeholders develop the Malaysia Football Coaching Education Quality Framework. Through this framework, stakeholders and governing bodies can cooperate to upgrade the existing program and improve the quality of football coaching education in Malaysia. In fact, quality football coaches can help to produce quality footballers in Malaysia. In addition, the Malaysia Football Coaching Education Quality Framework can become a guideline for football coaches in Malaysia

Development of Mental Toughness among Basketball Sports School Students.

The development of mental toughness in student athletes within sports schools is crucial for identifying strengths and improving weaknesses to optimize performance. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a mental toughness development program for basketball sports school students. Sixty-two male student athletes, aged 15.83 ± 0.37 years, participated, with 30 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group. They completed the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48 (MTQ48) before and after the 6-week intervention program. Pearson's correlations were calculated for study variables. A repeated measures MANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA analyzed differences in mental toughness skills between groups and over time. Results showed a significant effect of the intervention program on mental toughness skills, with small and medium effect sizes. Post-program, the experimental group exhibited higher levels of various skills compared to controls, including skills related to challenge, commitment, emotional control, life control, overall control, self-confidence in interpersonal interactions, self-confidence in one's abilities, overall self-confidence, and total MTQ48. These findings underscore the utility of interventions for enhancing mental toughness among basketball sports school students, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches in such intervention programs.