Sport Funding Research Articles

Public sport funding in Brazil under the light of the punctuated equilibrium theory: the role of states (2002–2018)

ABSTRACT In the last two decades, Brazil has hosted some of the world’s greatest sports events, the Pan American Games (2007), the FIFA World Cup (2014), and the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games (2016). Thus, dealing with the funding for sports and leisure in Brazil, this article aims to study the public funding of sport and leisure in Brazil at the state level and test the adherence of state funding for sport and leisure to the theory of punctuated equilibrium. This quantitative research was based on data regarding resources allocated by the Brazilian states budget between 2002 and 2018. The comparison of the sports and leisure area of public policy across states and with other areas of public policy confirms the central hypothesis of the punctuated equilibrium theory. Our data and results show how sports mega-events, together with political and economic events, were decisive for the punctuation of state funding for sport in Brazil. Also, we discuss how factors typically noted by the theory of punctuated equilibrium were important in agenda setting and affected the pattern of sports investments at the state level in Brazil.

Nigerian football system: examining macro-level practices against a global model for integrated development of mass and elite sport

This study assessed the macro-level football management practices in Nigeria giving references to best international practices with a goal to determining areas for improvement. A questionnaire was developed for the following elements of the model: Partnerships with supporting agencies, balanced and integrated funding and structures of mass and elite sport. Survey questions were validated by six experts including academicians, executives from sport governing bodies, football coaches and administrators. To determine the areas for improvement, the copies of questionnaire were completed by 116 coaches. Possible advancements were identified through semi-structured discussions with 10 football administrators and experts. Results suggested possible enhancements at macro level (socio-economic, cultural, legislative and organizational). Identified were best international macro football management practices. Detailed were ways to improve partnerships with supporting agencies and balanced and integrated funding and structures of mass and elite sport, therefore improving national health, education, crime control and social harmony in Nigeria.

Determination and Quantification of Foreign Interest in Sports Using Selected Variables for the Support of Appraising Investments in Sports by Businesses and States

The evaluation of the effectiveness of invested funds requires relevant data. This currently applies to investments in all areas of economic activity, including sports. The article’s aim is to determine the factors applicable to the quantification of interest in sports in selected countries. From the perspective of state funding of sports, foreign interest in sports is a part of the mechanism of allocating resources (situated in the Slovak Republic). For businesses, sponsoring sports organizations is a part of their activities connected to the concept of corporate social responsibility and environmental, social, and governance-related indicators. In both cases, it is important to have the necessary background data so that the entities responsible can correctly evaluate the effectiveness and return on such investments. The Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, and Hungary were selected to determine foreign interest in sports. These variables were selected for data analysis to quantify foreign interest in sports: competitions and tournaments, registered athletes, and keyword searches in Google trends. The variables predetermined the methods of data collection and statistical analysis. The main results lead to more accurate data for decision-making on investments in sports. The most popular sports in the given countries based on the interest quantification were identified.

Challenges toward Evidence-Based Policymaking Using Agent-Based Modeling for Federal Sports Grants: A Self-Reflection from a Transdisciplinary Project

Despite their importance, federal grant systems often need more clarity regarding cost-effectiveness, lack of transparency, and slow feedback cycles. Sports funding systems aimed at improving child health and contributing to sustainable development goals are incredibly challenging due to their heterogeneity in stakeholders and regional aspects. Here, we analyze how we tackled these challenges in a transdisciplinary EU project in Austria, targeting the use of agent-based modeling for evidence-based policymaking in a co-creation process with policy stakeholders in the domain of federal sports grants to improve the health and well-being of children and youth. The initial and executed set of procedures is described, along with lessons learned during the project’s lifetime. These lessons derive a framework that provides an adapted set of processes, supporting methods, and critical decision points for an improved use of transdisciplinarity. In addition, the steps of the developed framework are combined with essential aspects of knowledge integration, following the main phases of the policy cycle and providing suggestions for required skills and competencies for capacity building concerning implementing the developed framework in the public sector. Our results show that the combination of transdisciplinarity, human-centered policymaking, and sports, supported by cutting-edge technologies such as agent-based modeling, can achieve significantly better results than a pure disciplinary approach and generate positive spill-over effects.

Sport financing in Brazil and Portugal: an analysis on the magnitude of public resources between 2004 and 2020

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar o financiamento público do esporte no Brasil e Portugal, a partir do indicador de magnitude dos recursos públicos destinados ao setor entre 2004 e 2020, bem como comparar os valores per capita investidos no esporte por estes países. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritivo-analítica de abordagem qualitativa e abrangência exploratória, baseada em processo científico realizado em três etapas: a) fase exploratória; b) trabalho de campo; e c) análise e tratamento do material empírico e documental. Os países apresentaram em comum um baixo percentual do orçamento geral dedicado ao esporte e aquém de proposições de representações coletivas do setor, além de um comportamento descendente de gastos com o esporte em período recente.

INNOVATIONS IN SPORT FINANCING IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Sport is an important social phenomenon that promotes social and cultural values such as peace, respect for human rights, solidarity, and mutual understanding between nations and cultures. At the same time, sport is also an important economic reality. Therefore, the funding of sports is an important priority, and, in addition to the above-discussed benefits, it also brings economic benefits. The basic goal of the present study is to provide an overview of the financial mechanism and to discuss the sources of funds for sporting events in the Slovak Republic. The funds from the State budget allocated for sporting activities in the form of contributions to recognised sports, subsidies and contributions to a national sports project are described in detail for its implementation. Furthermore, pre and post Covid-19 pandemic sports legislation in Slovak legislation were compared. At the same time, these new legal regulations were compared and interpreted from the context of the legal orders of the Slovak Republic.

STRATEGIC VECTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL EXPERIENCE

The subject of the study is international and national education on the strategic development of physical education and recreation. Methodology. General scientific methods were used in the research, in particular: theoretical generalization; methods of positive-normative analysis and statistical analysis. The purpose is the process of researching international experience in order to identify best practices for the development of strategic vectors for the development of physical culture and recreation activities in Ukraine. Conclusions of the study. The experience of the leading countries of the world in organizing the management of physical culture and recreation activities has been studied and systematized, and the possibilities of implementing individual mechanisms and tools in the national model at the present stage of its reorganization have been determined. It is noted that currently the basic condition for the development of the system is the search for the most optimal balance of powers between the state, regions and the private sector in managing this area, which includes the advantages of the American model on the one hand (primarily in terms of creating favorable conditions for attracting private capital) and the European model, which provides for a moderate transfer of powers by the state through setting priorities, coordination of business entities and targeted financing of priority areas. It is noted that the defining features that are inherent in the system of management of physical culture and recreation activities in all countries that have achieved high results in this area are, first of all: a developed legal framework and institutions, clear state priorities for the development of sports, diversified sources of funding and tools to stimulate entrepreneurship, as well as high attention to training and development of science and technology in this area. It is proved that the development of sports and recreation should be carried out at different levels: state, regional, territorial communities. The possibilities of development of sports and recreational activities on the example of Odesa region are analyzed. As of early 2020, it was recognized that the level of funding for sports and recreation in Odesa region from the local budget and other sources, such as trade unions, sponsorships, etc. is insufficient. In addition, problems with the development and condition of sports architectural objects and facilities were noted. Problems with the staffing of the sports and recreation sphere in Odesa region are associated with low wages, which caused the outflow of personnel. A particular shortage of sports facilities is observed in rural areas.

Management of Tennis Athlete Coaching at Pelti Lampung Province

The purpose of this study was to determine the management of tennis athlete coaching at PELTI Lampung Province. This research is included in qualitative research. Sampling was done by purposive sampling to select research subjects. In this study, interviews, observations, and documentation were used to collect data. The interactive data analysis model was used in this study, which consisted of three parts: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the PELTI of Lampung Province has carried out and carried out the management of coaching tennis athletes well. A thorough preparation process has been carried out by PELTI Lampung Province before the field tennis sport developed in Lampung Province. Starting with the preparation of funding for sports, finding human resources, and preparing tools for training needs. Although the management of tennis athlete development is good, it still has to be developed in a better direction

Contradiction between Supply and Demand of Public Sports Services and Coping Strategies Based on the Genetic Algorithm.

The current situation of China's sports public service is not very satisfactory. This research analyzes not only the operation characteristics of the public sports service supply mode but also the connotation mechanism of the public sports service collaborative supply. The article also constructs the mechanism elements and the index system of the public sports service collaborative supply from the perspective of the genetic algorithm. Taking the eastern and central regions as research cases, this paper analyzes the actual situation of the collaborative supply of public sports services, and further explores the gap between urban and rural public sports. It puts forward the ideas and strategic paths for the innovative development of the collaborative supply model of public sports services. This research uses descriptive statistical analysis on the evaluation results of public sports service quality to examine the actual performance value of public sports service quality in various regions and uses the characteristics of different fitness of genetic algorithms to select the optimal supply and demand of public sports services in different regions. By analyzing the characteristics of insufficient supply and demand of public sports services in various regions, an optimal genetic algorithm model is constructed, and then combined with the scope of the study area and the number of people in the area, the genetic algorithm is used to continuously optimize until a set of optimal solutions appears, thus completing the optimal configuration of public sports services. The optimal path for the development of public sports in different regions is obtained, so as to promote the development of regional public sports. The study found that the satisfaction of sports funds in primary and middle schools in the east and middle is not very high, and the satisfaction with sports funds in middle schools is higher than that in primary schools, but only 50% of schools choose that sports funds are basically sufficient. The difference in satisfaction with sports funding in middle schools in the eastern and central regions is not obvious, and the satisfaction with sports funding in primary schools in the eastern region is higher than that in the central region. Judging from the amount of sports expenditures filled in by schools, 2000–3000 yuan per school year for primary schools and 4000–5000 yuan for middle schools are more common. Based on the calculation of 1,000 students in a school, the per capita sports expenditure is less than 10 yuan, which is very limited for sports training. This research will help to change the service concept and scientific decision-making and change the supply mode of sports public services. It will establish not only a vertical, complete, and horizontally smooth organizational structure and coordination mechanism but also a clear strategy for equalization of urban and rural sports public services.

Valuing subjective well-being benefits from leisure activities: informing post-Covid public funding of arts, culture and sport

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the leisure sector as lockdowns and social distancing resulted in a temporary shutdown. Using large-scale UK social survey data from two waves of Understanding Society, we employ the life satisfaction valuation method to provide estimates of monetary values of the subjective well-being benefits of leisure activities. We find that well-being benefits to life satisfaction from arts events, visiting museums and moderate sports have a significant monetary value. The value of some leisure activities to domains of satisfaction is higher compared with life satisfaction. The value to leisure satisfaction is particularly high, especially arts activities. Well-being benefits of moderate and mild sport are particularly high for health satisfaction. Meanwhile, activities which involve social interaction, including arts events and moderate sport have greater relevance to job satisfaction. These findings evidence the value of leisure activities, informing arguments for public funding to support and aid recovery in the sector.

Code Red for Elite Sport. A critique of sustainability in elite sport and a tentative reform programme

ABSTRACT Research question Is elite sport compatible with environmental sustainability? This paper critically investigates elite sports’ possible future in a world where cutbacks in resource use, pollution, and greenhouse gas emission are indispensable measures towards environmental sustainability. Research methods The paper is a conceptual and pragmatic inquiry that uses the current research literature to explore the logics of elite sport and its dynamics and alignment with paradigms of sustainability. Results and findings Elite sport’s extensive engagement with governments and commercial agents pursuing prestige, growth, and profit has created a current state of overheating and runaway processes that threatens both sport’s internal values and nature itself. The situation begs extending the self-imposed constraints in sports practice to the governance of sport in a way that is fully compatible with elite sport. Implications Provided concrete sustainability reforms are substantiated, on the innovation of equipment and technology, on state and commercial financing of elite sport, and on the organizing of competitions and mega-events, elite sport can flourish as a healthier and environmentally friendly social activity.

Development of socialization of the economy on the conditions of financing sports and health activities

The aim of the study is the impact of funding for sports and health activities on the development of socialization of the economy. Research methods used in writing the article: theoretical, correlation-regression, and statistical analysis. The results showed a particular impact between final consumer public health and GDP better, with an increase in such expenditures by UAH 1 million, GDP potential by UAH 0.0036 million. UAH The close relationship between GDP and the volume of services provided in the field of sports and health activities has been proved, with estimated GDP growth of UAH 1 million. UAH protection against the increase in services provided in the field of sports by 2.05 thousand UAH, which confirms the hypothesis of the dependence of the development of sports and cultural spheres on economic factors. It is substantiated that the very level of involvement of citizens in the field of sports and health activities is one of the health factors influencing the development of socialization of the economy.

Research on Parameter Estimation and Prediction of Sports Financial Market Volatility Model

At present, the utility function of the financial system in the sports industry has not been brought into full play. Volatility reflects the uncertainty of asset price changes and plays an important role in asset pricing, portfolio, risk management, and asset allocation. Volatility has the characteristics of thick tail, leverage, market linkage, long memory, and aggregation. There are differences between different markets and countries. Therefore, according to the complex characteristics of volatility, this paper uses the feature-oriented research method to study several volatility prediction models, namely, random volatility model, realized volatility model, and multivariate volatility model. In order to promote capital formation and alleviate the financing constraints of sports finance, it provides reference value for reducing transaction costs, improving the quality and efficiency of sports industry, and realizing sustainable and rapid development.

Legal regulation of intellectual property in sports

Exploitation of intellectual property rights in the field of sports is currently one of the most powerful sources of funding for sports, sports activities, and various sports events. However, unfortunately the sports organizations and individual right holders encounter problems regarding protection issues. There is a strong need to ensure the protection of these rights, and strengthen their potential to generate income from them. The use of intellectual property in modern conditions is a significant financial asset of the sports sphere. When acquiring rights of intellectual property, sports organizations, athletes and other rights holders often feel the need for legal regulation, protection and commercialization of intellectual property, as this is a prerequisite for their further profitable use. Hence, the present research aimed to study peculiarities of legal support, implementation and protection of intellectual property rights in the field of sports.

Profile of Wushu Sports Development in Gianyar City

<p>This study aims to determine and describe the state of the organization, human resources in the organization, achievement development, facilities and infrastructure, training programs and achievements, as well as funding for the wushu sport in the city of Gianyar Bali from 2015 to 2020. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The subjects in this study were the vice chairman, coach, and senior Wushu athlete of Gianyar City, Bali. Data were collected by observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the state of the Wushu organization in the City of Gianyar Bali was running well and had clear goals, the administrators, coaches and athletes carried out their duties according to their fields, the coaching that had been carried out had gone through the stages of problem solving, breeding and athletes' achievements, the facilities and infrastructure were quite good and adequate, well-organized exercise program. Based on the results of research and discussion of achievement coaching, there are still things that must be developed so that achievement can increase further. The role of the coach to improve the training program should be given more attention for the progress of the athlete and presented more variedly. The management of sports organizations should be more adapted between the fields. Sources of funds that are managed should be done openly to athletes so that no one thinks negatively about funding.</p>

Small College Sport Management Students: A Population & Performance Case Study

This case study examines a small, Southeastern US private college sport management program to explore sport management students more fully. Using a pre-test/post-test program assessment mechanism, average grades in sport management courses, and the academic profile of entering sport management students from 2016 to 2021, this study describes the population and performance of sport management students. This study supports the literature that sport management students are less diverse than other student populations and that the program loses more female and non-white students and gains transfer students. The students' academic performance did improve from pre-test to post-test with female students improving their scores more than male students. Students performed the best on the Sport Finance content area and improved the most in Sport Ethics. The study found that in most content areas, students’ course grades were higher than their post-test scores. The study did not find significant relationships between course grades or incoming academic profile and performance on the tests. Though it utilized a single sport management program, this study contributes to the literature concerning sport management students. Sport management programs can use this information in program assessment, course evaluation, and student support.

Extractives Companies’ Social Media Portrayals of Their Funding of Sport for Development in Indigenous Communities in Canada and Australia

The extractives industry (mining, quarrying, oil, and gas) engages in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities to reinforce its organizational legitimacy and enhance its public image. One such approach to CSR that is popular in the industry is through funding sport initiatives aimed at improving the lives of Indigenous peoples, known as sport for development (SFD). Through the adoption of a settler colonial studies lens, and using netnographic methods and discourse analysis, we examined how three extractives companies portray their funding of SFD in Indigenous communities in Canada and Australia on social media, and the ways in which it contributes to settler colonialism. We determined that there are two main discourses that extractive companies use: i) Extractives companies “help” and “partner” with Indigenous communities to enable Indigenous youth’s access to the transformative power of sport; ii) longevity is strategically associated with such “help” and “partnership.” The production of these discourses enables extractives companies to downplay their contributions to settler colonialism through land denigration and colonial authority.

FINANCING OF SPORTS AND HEALTH ACTIVITIES AT MACRO AND MESO LEVELS

Introduction. Russia's war against Ukraine has affected the economic and political life of recent times, which is well considered in the financial sphere of sports and security services. This influence affects all elements of the socio-economic mechanism of the industry: types and kinds of subjects of sports and health activities, sources of funding, economic conditions, features of public policy in this area and more. Increased spending on economic activity, security, the judiciary and defense has led to a significant reduction in spending on spiritual and physical development. The purpose of the article is to analyze the financing of sports and health activities in the macro and meso levels. Method (methodology). The study uses general scientific methods, in particular: comparison - to compare the averages of the best government spending in Ukraine and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; statistical analysis - analysis of the financing of sports and health activities in Ukraine. Results. The analysis of the results of the comparison of the average indicators of the best public expenditures in Ukraine and the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development shows significant deviations in the field of health care. analyzed that Ukraine has significantly less money (almost 5% less as a percentage of the State budget) for health care than the country of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The analysis showed that in 2021, in connection with the year 2020, the largest expenditures of the State Budget for the preparation and participation of national teams in the Paralympic and Deaflympic Games (+ 4546.5%), the costs of preparation and participation of national teams in international competitions games, games, etc.) increased by 542.4%, expenditures on the development of sports among people with disabilities, their physical rehabilitation increased by 169.9%, state support of the sports association "Dynamo" increased by 147.6% . It is emphasized that the expressed tendencies of increasing the amount of budget funding for the development of sports and physical culture in Ukraine will allow to achieve the previously set ambitious goals for the Olympic Games in 2030-2032 in Ukraine.

PEDAGOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS IN SPORT

PURPOSE. Argumentation of sports pedagogical diagnostics in sports. METHODS. In the study we use content analysis, comparative analysis and the method of sport-pedagogical diagnostics. RESULTS. Our research in the literature and information sources has shown that sport pedagogical diagnostics in sports has some similarities in the methodology of research in sport in Bulgaria and in other countries in the world. The discovery of sports talents is a task with increased difficulty and there are some very good achievements in Bulgaria in the period 1965-1990, but it has not been fully revealed. CONCLUSIONS. After 1990, with the change of socio-economic reality in Eastern Europe and specifically in our country, the conditions for preparations, control and evaluation of the achievements in sports also changed. With the change in the financing of sports, it has become extremely difficult to conduct sports pedagogical research. The sports pedagogical diagnostics has entered a new stage of development.

Основные характеристики бюджета Республики Дагестан на 2022 год и плановый период 2023–2024 годы

This article describes the budget process of the Republic of Dagestan as a subject of the Russian Federation. The circle of its participants, the procedure for compiling and approving the draft budget are considered, as well as changes in various indicators in recent years are assessed. When writing the article, the following research methods were used: logical, formal-legal, method of legal modeling and analysis. In conclusion, it is concluded that the priority areas of the republican budget for 2022 are the financing of healthcare and sports. Funding for the education sector has increased, including higher salaries for teachers, repairs to educational institutions, health programs for children, and monthly payments to class teachers.