Sports Drinks Research Articles

The Impact of Ketone Salt Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Health Parameters in Adults Diagnosed with PTSD – A Pilot Stud

"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition associated with high levels of stress often linked to elevated resting blood pressure (BP). Beta-hydroxybutyrate, a fuel source and signaling molecule, has been shown to improve metabolic and neurological conditions, as well as decrease systolic BP in healthy populations. The purpose of this study was to determine if longterm beta-hydroxybutyrate administration via ketone salt (KS) supplementation alters BP, complete blood count (CBC), or comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) results in adults diagnosed with PTSD. Sixteen adults (ages 21-65; 12 women/4 men) with PTSD completed this randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study by taking KS or a placebo supplement for 6 weeks. Blood was collected (for CMP and CBC assessment) and BP measurements were taken before and after the intervention period. None of the variables changed significantly based on the condition (p > .05 for all interaction effects). The reduction in BP measures following the KS supplementation, though non-significant, may be clinically meaningful in PTSD populations and others subject to increased cardiovascular mortality risk. Chronic KS supplementation did not negatively impact BP, CBC, or CMP measures in adults with PTSD. Further investigation of KS as a hypertension treatment approach is warranted in this population."

Milk or Kefir, in Comparison to Water, Do Not Enhance Running Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Master Athletes.

This study compared flavored kefir (KFR) and flavored milk (MLK) as a recovery drink in endurance master athletes. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, non-blinded crossover design, 11 males and females completed three testing visits whilst acutely ingesting either KFR, MLK, or water as a placebo (PLA). KFR supplementation occurred for 14 days before the KFR-testing day, followed by a 3-week washout period. Testing visits consisted of an exhausting-exercise (EE) bout, a 4-h rest period where additional carbohydrate feeding was provided, and a treadmill 5 km time trial (TT). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) survey was assessed at four timepoints. Blood was collected at baseline and after the TT and was analyzed for I-FABP levels. No significant difference (PLA: 33:39.1 ± 6:29.0 min, KFR: 33:41.1 ± 5:44.4 min, and MLK: 33:36.2 ± 6:40.5 min, p = 0.99) was found between the groups in TT performance. The KFR GSRS total score was significantly lower than the PLA after EE (p = 0.005). No differences in I-FABP were observed between conditions. In conclusion, acute KFR supplementation did not impact TT performance or I-FABP levels but may have reduced subjective GI symptoms surrounding exercise when compared to MLK or PLA.

Evaluation of Enamel Volume Loss after Exposure to Energy Drinks

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the erosive potential of various commercial energy drinks (EDs), sports drinks (SDs), and sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and to correlate quantitative changes in tooth enamel volume loss based on the pH and titratable acidity of the drinks. Methods: A flat plane on the facial surface of 36 human incisor teeth was created and embedded in sample holders using resin. After pre-scanning with a profilometer (Proscan 2000, Scantron, Ind Products Ltd., Taunton, UK), the six samples per group were immersed for 4 h into either Monster Energy™ (ED), Rockstar™ (ED), Red Bull™ (ED), or 5-h Energy™ (ED) and, for comparison with a sports drink, Gatorade™ (SD) and a sugar sweetened beverage, Coca-Cola® (SSB). After immersion and post-scanning, the quantitative volume loss of the tooth enamel of the 36 samples was calculated (Proscan 3D software V2.1.1.15B), and the pH and titratable acidity (TA) of each drink was determined. Results: All drinks tested caused enamel volume loss. The actual amount varied among the different drinks, from 0.39 mm3 for Red Bull™, up to 1.01 mm3 for Gatorade™. The pH measurements differed for each drink, ranging from 2.6 to 3.7. There was a small reverse correlation of 0.326 between the pH of all drinks and volume loss. Among the energy drinks, titratable acidity was similar and there was only a weak correlation between TA and volume loss (0.319 at p = 0.53). Conclusions: Energy drinks, sugar sweetened beverages, and sport drinks all have the potential to cause enamel tooth surface loss resulting in demineralization. Therefore, the pH of a drink cannot be the sole determinant for choosing a less harmful commercial beverage.

Supplement Consumption by Elite Soccer Players: Differences by Competitive Level, Playing Position, and Sex.

Soccer is a sport practiced all over the world and whose practice begins in young athletes. Currently, the consumption of nutritional supplements is essential to achieve the maximum performance of players. The aim of this study was to describe the consumption of sports supplements (CSS) by elite soccer players and its association with their competitive level, playing position, and sex. A comparative descriptive and non-experimental study was performed during the 2021-2022 competitive season. A total of 70 elite players completed one online questionnaire about their CSS. We found that sports drinks (55.7%), sports bars (50.0%), whey protein (48.6%), caffeine (47.1%), and creatine (60.0%) were the most consumed supplements by the total sample. Relative to the categories, the CSS was higher in the senior teams for both men and women. Regarding playing positions, caffeine was more consumed by midfielders and forwards (p = 0.013). Finally, in relation to sex, significant differences were found in the consumption of sports confectionery (p = 0.036), whey protein (p = 0.002), β-alanine (p = 0.013), and melatonin (p = 0.016). Soccer club SS questionnaires gather data to understand patterns, assess effectiveness and risks, and aid research. In conclusion, differences were found in the CSS according to competitive level, sex, and playing position.

Stacking nitrogen mitigation strategies for future pasture-based dairy farms: impacts on leaching and profit

Producers in New Zealand’s pasture-based, seasonal dairy sector are striving to reduce nitrogen (N) losses to the environment whilst maintaining or increasing farm profitability. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of stacking different combinations of five N leaching mitigation strategies within the whole farm system; 1) reduced N fertilizer input, 2) off-paddock infrastructure, 3) recycling N by growing maize silage on a dedicated area on the farm using effluent as a fertilizer source followed by a catch-crop, 4) dietary salt supplementation to dilute urinary N, and 5) applying a nitrification inhibitor (NI) to slow the release of nitrate in the soil. The reference point (baseline) was a typical current dairy farm (CF) system in the Waikato region of New Zealand. We modelled four Future Farm scenarios by stacking mitigation strategies as follows: baseline plus reduced N fertilizer input, reduced stocking rate, and off-paddock infrastructure (FF); FF plus a dedicated maize block (FFP); FFP plus dietary salt (FFPS); and FFPS plus NI (FFPSNI). These systems were modelled using the Whole Farm Model coupled with the Urine Patch Framework, and APSIM models, using observed climate and economic input data over five consecutive years from 2013-2018. Relative to CF, the FF system achieved a N leaching reduction of 31% with a reduction in profit of 16%. The FFP system had a smaller N leaching reduction (22%), but the reduction in profit was smaller (11%). The fully stacked system (FFPSNI) demonstrated the largest leaching reduction of 33%, but also the largest profit reduction of 27%, compared with the CF. Stacking these five N mitigation strategies can achieve substantial N leaching reductions at the farm-scale. Including a dedicated, effluent-fertilized maize block followed by a catch-crop as part of the stack can reduce the negative impact on profitability but has a trade-off in N leaching. Farmers will have to weigh up these compromises between profit and leaching, considering risk factors not modelled here.

Effect of Various Hydration Strategies on Work Intensity and Selected Physiological Indices in Young Male Athletes during Prolonged Physical Exercise at High Ambient Temperatures.

Background: In high temperatures, adequate hydration is vital for sustained physical exercise. This study explores the effect of three hydration strategies on physiological indices and work intensity. Methods: The research involved 12 healthy males who engaged in three test series, each separated by a one-week interval. During the trials, participants underwent a 120 min cycling session in a thermal climate chamber (temperature: 31 ± 2 °C, humidity: 60 ± 3%, air movement: <1 m/s). Measurements of rectal temperature (Tre) and heart rate (HR), and assessment of subjective workload perception, and thermal comfort were made both before and during the exercise. The computation of the physical strain index (PSI) relied on Tre and HR values. Three hydration strategies (isotonic drink, water, and no hydration) were administered before, during, and after the exercise. Results: Regardless of the hydration strategy, the participants' mean body mass decreased as a result of the exercise. Statistically significant differences in HR were observed between the no-hydration and water groups (p < 0.036). The mean PSI values significantly varied between hydration strategies, with the no hydration group exhibiting a higher PSI compared to the isotonic drink or water groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: All hydration strategies contribute to thermoregulatory processes and mitigate the rise in internal body temperature during sustained physical exercise in elevated ambient temperatures.

Hydration and Performance in Young Triathletes During a Competition in Tropical Climate.

We examined fluid intake, the relation between body mass (BM) loss and performance, and core temperature in young triathletes during a competition in tropical climate. Fluid intake and pre and post BM were measured in 35 adolescent athletes, and core temperature was measured in one female and one male. Mean urine specific gravity (1.024 [0.007]) indicated that athletes were in suboptimal state of hydration upon waking. Race time was 73.2 (8.0)minutes. BM decreased by 0.6 (0.3)kg (P < .05). Fluid intake (528.5 [221.6]mL) replaced 47% of the fluid loss (1184.9 [256.4]mL) and was higher during run (11.5 [6.6]mL·min-1) compared to bike (7.3 [3.1]mL·min-1), P < .01. Loss in BM was ≥1.0% in 66% and ≥1.5% in 29% of the athletes. Males showed a moderate association between percentage loss in BM and finishing time (r = -.52), higher sweat rates (1.0 [0.3]L·h-1), and faster times (69.4 [7.5]min; P < .05). Core temperature rose to 40.1°C in the female and 39.6°C in the male. Young triathletes competing in a hot/humid climate became mildly to moderately dehydrated and hyperthermic even when water and sports drinks were available but did not show symptoms of heat illness.

Neonatal salt wasting syndrome: Aldosterone synthase deficiency caused by a new splicing variant in CYP11B2

Aldosterone synthase deficiency (ASD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder involving isolated aldosterone deficiency without any compromise of other adrenal hormones. This condition manifests mainly in the neonatal period and in infants as a salt wasting syndrome with vomiting and failure to thrive. Due to its potentially life-threatening effects, ASD requires a careful and early diagnosis based on appropriate hormonal investigations in order to initiate adequate management: rehydration as well as salt and fludrocortisone supplementation. Genetic analysis of the CYP11B2 gene will confirm ASD in most cases. We report the case of a newborn with a typical clinical presentation associated with some uncommon phenotypic features (hyperhidrosis, liver injury). Furthermore, our patient carries a new CYP11B2 splicing variant to be added to the approximately 60 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants already reported.

Pattern of Consumption of Sports Supplements of Spanish Handball Players: Differences According to Gender and Competitive Level.

(1) Background: Given the physiological characteristics of handball, players may require the use of certain sports supplements (SS). However, very few studies have investigated the consumption of SS in handball. The aims were to determine the number of handball players who consume SS, to analyze their SS consumption pattern according to gender and competitive level, and to assess whether the SS they consume are supported by scientific evidence, and to which group they belong according to the classification of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). (2) Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was carried out on the habitual consumption of SS in 360 federated Spanish players by using a self-administered and validated questionnaire. (3) Results: These showed 65.8% of the sample consumed SS. According to the total number of participants, the most consumed supplements were from Group A: sports drinks (30.8%) and whey protein (30.4%). When analyzing the data by gender, the men's consumption was significantly higher for whey protein (p < 0.001), caffeine (p = 0.009), and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001). When analyzed by competitive level, the provincial category players group showed a significantly lower consumption than the rest of the groups for protein bars (p = 0.038), whey protein (p = 0.005) and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001), while the honor division group showed a significantly higher intake of creatine monohydrate than the remaining groups (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The handball players showed a moderate consumption of SS, without using substances that were not supported by scientific evidence and opting in most cases for supplements belonging to group A from the AIS classification. Men tended to consume more SS, and SS consumption increased based on competitive level.

3D-printed electrodes using graphite/carbon nitride/polylactic acid composite material: A greener platform for detection of amaranth dye in food samples

The production of sustainable materials with properties aimed at the additive manufacturing of electrochemical sensors has gained prestige in the scientific scenario. Here, a novel lab-made composite material using graphite (G) and carbon nitride (C3N4) embedded into polylactic acid (PLA) biopolymer is proposed to produce 3D-printed electrodes. PLA offers printability and mechanical stability in this composition, while G and C3N4 provide electrical properties and electrocatalytic sites, respectively. Characterizations by Raman and infrared spectroscopies and Energy Dispersive X-rays indicated that the G/C3N4/PLA composite was successfully obtained, while electron microscopy images revealed non-homogeneous rough surfaces. Better electrochemical properties were achieved when the G/C3N4/PLA proportion (35:5:60) was used. As a proof of concept, amaranth (AMR), a synthetic dye, was selected as an analyte, and a fast method using square wave voltammetry was developed. Utilizing the 3D-printed G/C3N4/PLA electrode, a more comprehensive linear range (0.2 to 4.2 μmol/L), a 5-fold increase in sensitivity (9.83 μmol−1 L μA), and better limits of detection (LOD = 0.06 μmol/L) and quantification (LOQ = 0.18 μmol/L) were achieved compared to the G/PLA electrode. Samples of jelly, popsicles, isotonic drinks, and food flavoring samples were analyzed, and similar results to those obtained by UV–vis spectrometry confirmed the method's reliability. Therefore, the described sensor is a simple, cost-effective alternative for assessing AMR in routine food analysis.

Personality Determinants Related to the Use of Selective and Effective Dietary Supplements by Elite Polish Team Sport Athletes.

The purpose of this research was to analyse relationships between personality traits and the use of selected dietary supplements among Polish athletes training in team sports. This subject matter has not been explored in prior research. This research was carried out among a group of 213 athletes (men) in the 18-36 age range, with the implementation of a proprietary validated questionnaire for the use of dietary supplements and the NEO-PI-R inventory (Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised). Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, assuming the following level of significance: α = 0.05. It was shown that athletes who periodically and regularly consumed isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, were characterised by a lower level of neuroticism than those who did not consume them. Athletes who periodically took multivitamin preparations were characterised by a lower level of extraversion and openness, and those periodically using multimineral preparations were characterised by a higher level of agreeableness than those who did not use these agents. Athletes not taking creatine were characterised by the lowest level of conscientiousness among the study participants. The use of protein nutrients, probiotics and caffeine was not associated with any personality traits in the athletes. Further relationships of the Big Five personality traits were demonstrated with the use of effective dietary supplements by athletes; the most unambiguous correlations were described for neuroticism and conscientiousness in such a way that the use of isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, was connected with a low level of neuroticism, while the use of creatine was connected with high conscientiousness.

High School Athletes’ Use and Knowledge of (Safe) Nutritional Supplement Use: An Exploratory Study

The use of nutritional supplements can lead to doping risk and no data exist on high school athletes’ use of certified third-party tested supplements. A cross-sectional cohort design was developed using an anonymous survey. Descriptive data for supplement use, use of third-party tested supplements, and knowledge in high school athletes were reported. A total of 225 high school athletes, ranging from 14-19 years of age, from a private high school in the western US, were included in the analysis of the results. A total of 94% (n=211) of athletes reported nutritional supplement use within the past year with an average of six (interquartile range: 3-9) individual supplements, ranging from 0-20 supplements per person. Most frequently reported were sports drinks (72%), vitamins (65%), sports bars (60%), protein powder (58%), caffeine (37%, as part of normal beverages, or 13% as a supplement), followed by creatine (23%). A total of 24% claimed to know for sure that all their supplements were third-party tested. In addition, the recognition of third-party testing organization icons was low (46% in supplement users vs. 14% in nonusers). Athletes also scored low in reporting how to find (22%) and how to order (25%) third-party tested supplements. In conclusion, almost all athletes in this study reported the use of multiple nutritional supplements annually. Only one-fourth of the athletes reported consistently using third-party tested supplements. Knowledge of where and how tested supplements could be purchased was limited in this high school athlete population.

Enhanced electrochemical performance of Sr doped ZnO for tartrazine detection in sports drink

Enhanced electrochemical performance of Sr doped ZnO for tartrazine detection in sports drink

Study on changes in Haemato-biochemical parameters of pica affected camels with Mineral mixture and salt supplementation

Study on changes in Haemato-biochemical parameters of pica affected camels with Mineral mixture and salt supplementation

Bebida deportiva isotónica a base de jugo de piña: Estabilidad durante su almacenamiento acelerado

It was evaluated the behavior, during accelerated storage, of the quality indicators of an isotonic sport drink made from the mixture of pineapple juice, distilled water, sucrose and NaCl. The drink was packed in amber glass bottles was pasteurized at 80 °C for 5 min in a water bath. The drink was stored at 45, 50 and 55 °C with the aim of achieving accelerated deterioration. The drink presented a total sugar content of 7.6%, osmolality of 328 mOsm/kg and sensory acceptance corresponding to the category -I like it slightly-. At the end of storage at each temperature, there was a decrease in brightness and an increase in the values of a* and b*, related to the increase (p ≤ 0.05) of the browning index (IP) and the moment of sensory rejection, due to a notable loss of pineapple color. The behaviors of the IP at each temperature were adjusted to polynomial models of order five with high coefficients of determination (&gt; 0.98). This study provides useful information for the optimization of beverage production, quality control and spoilage prediction, which could contribute to the development of new products and satisfy consumer needs.

Supplementation strategies for ewes during gestation and lactation.

Concentrated supplementation of ewes is a strategy to increase productivity. The objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation in the diet of ewes before, during and in the final third of pregnancy and lactation on, the performance and production and composition of colostrum and milk. Forty animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, into the following treatments: CONT = control treatment with mineral salt supplementation only, SSREPRO = supplementation started 20 days before the estrus synchronization (ES) protocol, SSPREG = suplementação a partir da confirmação da gestação (60 days after ES), and SEPREG = supplementation in the third end of pregnancy (90 days after ES). Supplementation adoption changed (P < 0.05) the intake of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, the percentage of total digestible nutrients, and digestibility of dry matter, acid detergent fiber, non-fiber carbohydrates, and ether extract with their respective intake, in addition to colostrum and milk production and composition and animal performance. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed for organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility and total digestible nutrient intake. Thus, supplementation in the final third of pregnancy may result in heavier lambs at weaning, reduction in slaughter time.

Sportélelmiszerek

Sports foods are designed for athletes to improve performance, endurance, recovery and overall health. They are available in various forms such as protein powders, bars, energy gels, isotonic drinks, concentrates, vitamins, and minerals, with their composition and impact varying depending on the sport, personal needs and goals of the individual athlete, and time of consumption. These products are not officially recognised despite their potential benefits. The definition of sports food is not specified in EU legislation. While this does not preclude such products from proliferating, agreeing on how to define this would be helpful. The beneficial impact of sport, particularly elite sport, on the health of generations is indisputable. When it comes to recreational sports, the competitive spirit exists just as much. However, is it possible to achieve outstanding sports performance by only following general nutritional recommendations and using common foods? The author argues that this is not possible, and the purpose of this summary is to emphasise this point. This article briefly describes the common ingredients of sports foods and the general steps in their production. It also outlines some of the major future scenarios that could shape the challenges and opportunities for this industry in the coming decades.

Effect of Time Fermentation on The Microbiological Properties of Coconut Water Kefir

&lt;p class="Keywords"&gt;Coconut water is one of the popular drinks in tropical countries, it has been used widely as an isotonic drink, nutrient-rich, and has other beneficial functions. Many advantages of coconut water also make this product explored by many researchers as a synbiotic or even probiotic drink. This research investigates the impact of time fermentation on the microbiological properties of coconut water kefir. The study employs various time intervals during the fermentation process to explore changes in mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and total yeast and mold. By analyzing the microbiota present at different fermentation times (6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 hours), this research aims to elucidate how time affects the number of beneficial potential probiotic strains, such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The findings of this study showed that 24 hours of fermentation time gave the highest number of lactic acid bacteria (7.23 Log CFU/mL), the highest number of mesophilic bacteria (7.52 Log CFU/mL), and total yeast and mold (7.14 Log CFU/mL). Additionally, the inhibitory effects of coconut water kefir on two different kinds of pathogenic bacteria were examined using well diffusion, even though there was no inhibition zone. In conclusion, 24 hours is the best fermentation time to produce coconut water kefir which showed the highest increase of lactic acid bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, and total yeast and mold.&lt;/p&gt;

Penentu Utama Keputusan Pembelian: Evaluasi Kualitas Produk dan Daya Tarik Visual Kemasan Minuman

In an increasingly competitive business, companies must be able to understand what factors will influence the decision to buy. This study intends to analyze the role of packaging quality and design on the decision to buy Fatigon Hydro isotonic drinks among 100 respondents in Surabaya City. The study involved purposive sampling method to select respondents who have sufficient experience and understanding of Fatigon Hydro isotonic drink products. The study utilized quantitative methods. Statistical analysis, including regression, was used to evaluate the influence between product quality and design on packaging with the decision to purchase. The results showed that the design on the packaging contributed positively to the decision-making. In addition, consumers tend to give high value to products that are considered good quality or in accordance with consumer desires.

Increasing long-chain n-3 fatty acids in beef from forage-finished cattle through supplementation with the calcium salts of fish oil

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary fish oil Ca salts supplementation on the muscle deposition of fatty acids, with the major focus on eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in beef cattle. For Experiment 1, thirty-eight grazing LowLine Angus steers were divided into three groups and supplemented either control, fish oil (FO)- or palm oil (PO)-based fatty acid Ca salts, supplemented individually in dry form. In Experiment 2, 14 Angus heifers and 14 Angus steers were fed free-choice harvested forage and supplemented either PO or FO Ca salts, delivered as a suspension within dried molasses lick tubs. Growth performances, sensory characteristics and the concentrations of EPA and DHA of the M. Longissimus thoracis (LT) were evaluated. M. Longissimus thoracis fatty acid concentrations of EPA and DHA were greater (P&lt;0.001) for cattle fed FO; whereas C18:2 n-6 and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 were greater (P&lt;0.001) for cattle fed PO in both experiments. Sensory evaluation of LT steaks obtained from the carcasses of the LowLine steers of Experiment 1 did not reveal any adverse effects of the FO supplementation (P≥0.2695). We conclude that supplementing FO Ca-salts to forage-fed beef cattle increases muscle deposition of EPA and DHA, with no adverse effects on flavor. Supplementing fish oil to beef cattle is a way to meet the omega fatty acid requirements of humans.