Dialect Spoken Research Articles

Problems of Translating The Mosuli Dialect into English for Non-Native Speakers

This paper aims at defining problems encountered by Iraqi translators using Arabic language varieties that differ from Mosuli dialect when attempting to convey this dialect into English language.Mosuli dialect is mainly used by speakers in an area that stretches from the city of Tikrit to the city of Mosul. This dialect is characterized by special phonetic and lexical features that makes it different from other Iraqi Arabic language dialects used in other parts of Iraq.The special and peculiar nature of this dialect makes it difficult for other Arabic language users to comprehend due to the special and unusual usage of lexical items and expressions.The rationale for conducting this study is that the translation of Mosuli dialect has not yet been given the proper attention and that there is a clear paucity in the translation of such domain.The problem that this study will focus on, is that non-Mosuli dialect speakers will face a two-fold difficulty when handling the task of translating Mosuli dialect into English. Firstly, they must comprehend the meaning of the text written or spoken in Mosuli dialect and secondly, they must render the resulting meaning into English. In other words, the translator should translate the source text (Mosuli dialect) into standard Arabic and then rendering the resulting meaning into English.The main focus would be mainly focused on defining the problems and difficulties encountered by non-Mosuli dialect speakers when attempting to translate this dialect into English, in addition to analyzing the translation errors committed by the respondents when conducting the translation task.The study hypothesizes that there is no one-to-one translation equivalence between the SL and TL texts. It also hypothesizes that translating Mosuli dialect requires special knowledge and expertise that only competent translators possess. Conversely, novice and incompetent translators will find it difficult to handle such task properly.The model of Wilson (2009) will be adopted for this study, since it provides an appropriate framework for the translation of Mosuli dialect from Arabic into English.As for the procedures followed, there will be a selection of certain problematic Mosuli dialect excerpts for analysis. These excerpts will be translated by four non-Mosuli dialect speakers from different parts of Iraq. Their translation versions will be analyzed to determine errors and misinterpretations.

Русская диалектная речь в условиях синтеза бесписьменной народно-речевой традиции с элементами письменной речевой культуры (на материале речи диалектоносителей-старообрядцев)

. The peculiarities of a new stage in Russian traditional popular culture, dating from the first half of the 20th century, when many dialect speakers began to read and write, require to study the influence that is exerted on oral dialect communication by written speech. Today, in dialect speech, we need to distinguish the features originated from the oral character of this form of communication from the unwritten character of folk speech culture as a foundation of dialect communication, and from the inclusion of written components in the language consciousness of dialect speakers. The analysed material is the speech of dialect speaking Old Believers from the village Belogornoe in Saratov Oblast; the object of observation is the peculiarities of inclusion of written culture elements into the dialect speech; the main research method is the text-based analysis of dialect speech. Literate dialect speaking Old Believers’ speech is typically dialectal – by its phonetic and grammatical structure, its lexical specificity, its communicative organization, as well as from the point of view of verbalized features distinguishing the dialect speakers’ consciousness. At the same time, the informants’ speech represents a specific synthesis of oral dialect communication features with penetrating elements of bookish and written discourses, mainly religious one. The interaction of the dialect speech basis with other discursive elements can be seen in the lexical composition of dialect speaking Old Believers’ speech, in the manner of coping with the inclusions from other discourses, in the functioning of heterogeneous language units, as well as in the forms of linguistic reflection. While remaining basically dialectal with its non-functional variability as a distinguishing feature of dialectal communication, the speech of literate dialect speakers is characterized by some elements of linguistic means’ functional distribution and by the strengthening of meta-linguistic reflection. The authors conclude that changes in dialect communication, connected with the expansion of literacy among dialect speakers, have a variable character. They are determined by the source of literacy and by the circle of written texts constituting the communicative space of a dialect speaker. The peculiarities of synthesizing written culture with the Old Believers’ dialect speech are a variant of the general dynamics of folk speech tradition.

МІСЯЦЬ В УЯВЛЕННЯХ І ВІРУВАННЯХ НОСІЇВ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ СХІДНОСТЕПОВИХ ГОВІРОК

Based on the data of eastern-steppe dialects the article researches the role of the moon in the beliefs of the Ukrainian people. In the extensive comments of the interviewees, we recorded signs, beliefs, spells, customs, etc., associated with the stay of the heavenly body in different phases. Semes were analyzed to the designation of the Moon, the closest celestial body to the Earth, the satellite of the Earth shining with reflected sunlight, its phases, the parts of the crescent, and the time when the moon is visible by the glow of the moon. Сonfirmed omens that portend good or bad weather, frost, and even the beginning of a war, can be traced by the location of a conditional bucket on the tips of the Moon. One-component lexemes are identified: polukoаlItso, naroаsItaniie, ubyIvan'iie, rosIte and a variant of rasItot), prybuIvaie, ubuIva and a variant of ubuIvaie), uIkhodit, ushcherIbyvsa, etc. and multi-component units: Iphazy Imisatsa, na molodyIka, na sIpovni, na ushIcherblen:a another variant na Iushcherb), na Iubyl, na spadt, try Ichetverti, yaIkyĭ ubuIvaie Ianother option ubyIvaie), veyIlyka luIna, rasItushchyĭ Imisats Ianother variant rosItushcha luIna, rasItushcha luIna, rosItushchyĭ Imisats, rosItushchiĭ Imisats, rosItuchyĭ Imisats, roasItushchyĭ Imisats), spaIdaiuchyĭ Imisats, shcherIbatyĭ Imisats, Iduzhe vazhshIkyi Imisats, prybuIvayuchyĭ Imisats, narosItayushcha luIna ecton the designation of the Moon and its phases, comparison Imisats yak mlyInove Ikoleso about the full Moon). The properties and qualities of the young, growing, full, and waning Moon were presented in detail. Most often, among all phases in the dialect speakers’ comments was a new moon, because during this period the Moon has a healing power that helps in the treatment of teeth, fright in a child, enuresis, removal of warts, meeting a good partner, improving the financial situation in the family, etc. Also, on the new moon, customs are observed regarding the need to start new things, plant a vegetable garden, and plan self-care-related actions. Unlike the young moon, the full moon often has a negative effect on a person, because it can cause insomnia or other diseases. It emphasizes the need to cover the windows at night to avoid the moonlight falling on a person during sleep. In the analyzed area, with the help of a metaphorical image, the Moon appears in the form of a living being: umyIvayits':a oItak, Ivyishov Imisats Iz-za khmar), kaIzaly / moloIdyk naroIdyvsia, kaIzaly / Imisats naroIdyvsia etc. Semes were analyzed to the designation of the Moon, the closest celestial body to the Earth, the satellite of the Earth shining with reflected sunlight, its phases, the parts of the crescent, and the time when the moon is visible by the glow of the moon. Сonfirmed omens that portend good or bad weather, frost, and even the beginning of a war, can be traced by the location of a conditional bucket on the tips of the Moon. One-component lexemes are identified: polukoаlïtso, naroаsïtaniie, ubyïvan'iie, rosïte (and a variant of rasïtot), prybuïvaie, ubuïva (and a variant of ubuïvaie), uïkhodit, ushcherïbyvsa, etc. and multi-component units: ïphazy ïmisatsa, na molodyïka, na sïpovni, na ushïcherblen:a (another variant na ïushcherb), na ïubyl, na spadt, try ïchetverti, yaïkyĭ ubuïvaie (another option ubyïvaie), veyïlyka luïna, rasïtushchyĭ ïmisats (another variant rosïtushcha luïna, rasïtushcha luïna, rosïtushchyĭ ïmisats, rosïtushchiĭ ïmisats, rosïtuchyĭ ïmisats, roasïtushchyĭ ïmisats), spaïdaiuchyĭ ïmisats, shcherïbatyĭ ïmisats, ïduzhe vazhshïkyi ïmisats, prybuïvayuchyĭ ïmisats, narosïtayushcha luïna ecton the designation of the Moon and its phases, comparison ïmisats yak mlyïnove ïkoleso (about the full Moon). The properties and qualities of the young, growing, full, and waning Moon were presented in detail. Most often, among all phases in the dialect speakers’ comments was a new moon, because during this period the Moon has a healing power that helps in the treatment of teeth, fright in a child, enuresis, removal of warts, meeting a good partner, improving the financial situation in the family, etc. Also, on the new moon, customs are observed regarding the need to start new things, plant a vegetable garden, and plan self-care-related actions. Unlike the young moon, the full moon often has a negative effect on a person, because it can cause insomnia or other diseases. It emphasizes the need to cover the windows at night to avoid the moonlight falling on a person during sleep. In the analyzed area, with the help of a metaphorical image, the Moon appears in the form of a living being: umyïvayits':a oïtak, ïvyishov ïmisats (z-za khmar), kaïzaly / moloïdyk naroïdyvsia, kaïzaly / ïmisats naroïdyvsia etc.

Структура лексико-семантического поля "Польза" в диалектах русского языка

This article discusses the lexical-semantic field “Benefit” from the point of view of structure in the dialects of the Russian language. Based on lexicographic sources (Dictionary of Russian Dialects, 52 issues), the composition of the lexico-semantic field was determined. The analysis revealed the core of the field – the lexemes benefit/behoof and suitability/pleasure/fit, the near-nuclear zone – gain and the ability to distinguish two subfields in terms of the expressed evaluation: “Benefit/ contributing to benefit, positive result” and “Benefit/gain”. The result of the study showed the following. Firstly, the segmentation of the first subfield (“Useful as something suitable for the subject”, “Useful as something contributing, helping”, “Useful as something healing, curing’) reflects the interaction of the lexico-semantic field “Benefit” with the lexical fields “(something) Suitable”, “Assistance/help”, “Treatment”. The lexico-semantic field “Assistance/help” also intersects with the field “Profit”. The subfield “Benefit/gain” is difficult to divide into segments, it closely interacts with the lexico-semantic field “Profit”. Secondly, the dialects retain a trace of the general development of the idea of the useful, associated in the early and valueundeveloped consciousness with the satisfaction of vital needs and with a general (public) interest, with the idea of the useful as essential, necessary for the physical existence of a person (compare the derivatives god(n)-, dob(n)-, gain in the center of the field; possessions, feeding, etc. in the near periphery). Thirdly, the structure of the dialect field “Benefit” reflected the complication of the concept of benefit, useful under the influence of the Church Slavonic vision: the actualization of benefit as useful for the soul and body, for health, its maintenance, “correction”. This affected the composition of the lexemes of the center of the field, which included derivatives of polg/polz- with the meaning “to heal”, and the establishment of close interaction of the lexico-semantic field “Benefit” with the lexico-semantic field “Treatment/healing” (treat in a quack way, correct, cure, etc.). Fourthly, the analysis of the lexicosemantic field “Benefit” in dialects shows the complication of the concept of the benefit of the new time from the point of view of evaluation, associated with the increasing discrepancy between personal and general (public) interests (the basis for the allocation of subfields of the lexico-semantic field). But among dialect speakers, this restructuring of values associated with changes in social, industrial relations is still poorly expressed, retains echoes of community consciousness, which is evident when comparing the semantic structure of the word greed, its derivatives and, in general, in the semantics of most of the vocabulary of the second subfield, associated with the designation of material benefits, avail, profits, and bearing a positive evaluation

Features of microtoponymy of the Ulyanovsk trans-Volga Region in the aspect of language contacts

The purpose of the study is to describe the microtoponymy of the Ulyanovsk Trans-Volga region. This territory includes the left-bank part of the modern Ulyanovsk region, that is, the land between the Kuibyshev reservoir and the Bolshoi Cheremshan river. The microtoponyms are analyzed in terms of their etymology. The material for this work was extracted from records of interviews with dialect speakers from the villages of the left-bank districts in the Ulyanovsk region. We have identified different types of place names in each thematic group. The names can be motivated by appellative vocabulary, anthroponyms, natural objects as well as appellatives. Most of the microtoponyms of the Ulyanovsk Trans-Volga region have Russian etymology. In this group of toponyms, there are not lots of substrate units. There are many more borrowings among the names of large rivers in this polyethnic region. However, even among the microtoponyms we can find the results of language contacts. First of all, we can point out borrowings from Turkic languages. These are such examples, as Kaibela, Kurdyum, Chertany, Caraculy. Among the microtoponyms we also find loanwords of Finno-Ugric origin. These are mainly borrowings from the Mordovian languages: Pesha, Pochkarikha, Kurmysh, Mary, Kokshay. Some loaned toponyms were transformed on the Russian basis and framed with Russian formants.

Фразеологічні засоби вираження оцінки та розуміння процесів запам’ятовування

The topicality of the chosen research topic, in particular, the need to analyze semantic series to indicate the processes of memory in general and memorization in particular, is connected with the need to study the possibilities of nomination of human mental activity and related emotions, actualized in the composition of phraseological units of modern Ukrainian literary and dialect language. In the article, with the help of semantic and psycholinguistic analyses, the possibilities of phraseological unit in the implementation of the understanding of human memory processes, their features by dialect speakers have characterized; in particular, the bases of figurativeness and metaphorical meaning of phraseological units for the following memory processes have been determined: «пам’ятати» (as a long-term process), «запам’ятати», «запам’ятовувати», «надовго запам’ятати», «дуже добре пам’ятати», «змусити запам’ятати», their territorial presentation. Phraseological dictionaries of Ukrainian idioms and published texts of connected dialect speech from various territories of Ukraine, as well as the author's records from the territory of Podillia and neighboring dialects served as a material for the research. In the analyzed expressions, the semantic center is the perception of the process of long-term memory as the actions of physical work (держати, тримати). The lexicographic and psycholinguistic reflection of a person's understanding of the fact that it is necessary to make considerable efforts to memorize, to strain brain activity, etc., was defined. Verbal communication confirms the speakers' idea of the place of storage of acquired information (long or short-term) is in the head, therefore both narratives and lexicographic works record phraseological units with the figurative concretizer голова. The components of the analyzed phraseological units of the semantic series are the nouns розум, тямка, сама, the verbs зарубати, вдовбати, вбити, запечатати, тримати, втовкти, etc.

KVANTITET VOKALA U KOSOVSKO-RESAVSKOM DIJALEKTU: ANALIZA SPONTANOG GOVORA

The current paper presents the results of an acoustic analysis pertaining to the duration of vowels in spontaneous speech of 10 male speakers of Kosovo-Resava dialect. Monosyllabic and disyllabic words demonstrating the long and short realizations of stressed vowels were extracted from the spoken corpus. The observed vowels preceded voiceless plosives and fric- atives. Besides controlling for the number of syllables, as well as the phonetic context, accent quantity, the position of a word within a sentence, and speech tempo were also taken into consideration. The obtained results substantiate the widely held view that there is a correlation between vowel quality and vowel duration. Namely, the long realization of the low central vowel in our corpus had the longest duration, while the high front vowel proved to be the shortest in the speech of our participants. Also apparent was the speakers’ tendency to produce the short realizations of the mid vowels with a high degree of openness, which then led to a longer duration of the vowels in question. However, such a tendency was not surprising, given that the more open realizations of /e/ and /o/ are, in fact, a characteristic of Kosovo-Resava speech. The smallest quantitative difference was observed for the long and short realizations of the mid vowels /e/ and /o/, while the short/long realizations of the high vowel /i/ exhibited the smallest durational difference.

Zemlya: Linguistic and Cultural Semantics

Modern linguistics pays special attention to semantic areas that correlate with the basic concepts of universal significance and in many ways form a person's idea of themselves and the reality around them. In dialects, where vibrant dialectal features are gradually being lost, these basic concepts preserve the territorial characteristics of their scope and content. Based on the analysis of the semantics and compatibility of the word zemlyá (earth) and its derivatives, the article defines the scope and content of the universal concept “ZEMLYA”, characteristic of the bearers of the traditional folk culture of the Russian North. The article describes customs, beliefs and prohibitions associated with the earth or land. The earth appears in them as the mother earth, mother, mom, the earth is holy, it feeds us, it needs to be entertained, cleaned, it needs be bowed to, on holidays it cannot be touched, disturbed, it cannot be disturbed, this day the earth is a birthday girl. After harvesting, the land is motionless. A person should live on his own land, put down roots into the earth, become rooted to the earth, people need to be planted on the ground. All the nuances of meanings are covered by the idea of the maternal origin of the earth. Many customs and beliefs that make up the mythology of the earth are almost forgotten or already lost by the speakers of modern Arkhangelsk dialects. However, the language has preserved memories of them in the form of precedent texts, stable phrases that contain the folk philosophy of life and death. The analysis of the material revealed that the concept of ZEMLYA is embedded in the main semantic oppositions that form the model of the world. The opposition “bottom – top” is represented by the opposition of the earth to the sky, in the opposition “nature – agrarian culture” the earth appears as an object of processing and a source of nutrition. In the opposition “friend – foe” the earth is the place where a person was born, his own, native land, in the opposition “life – death” the earth is associated with the arrival of a person to this world and with his inevitable departure.

Inherited lexicon and Russian Borrowings in the Ritual Terminology of the Komi-Permyaks: Preparing the Dead for Burial

The article examines the Komi-Permyak lexicon that reflects the ritual preparation of the deceased for burial. The main attention is paid to the washing ritual, its agents, attributes and their verbal descriptions in the oral speech of dialect speakers during the thematic survey. For comparison, we used the data on Russian dialects, including contact dialects with Komi-Permyak. The main part of dialect material was collected by the authors during expeditions in 2022; we also used earlier field records. The findings suggest that in the conditions of long interethnic interaction there is a lexical convergence of two cultural and linguistic traditions. It is reflected in numerous borrowings from Russian into Komi-Permyak (pokoinik ‘dead’, zhivöy ‘alive’, prostöy va ‘plain water’ and pokoinishnöy va ‘dead water’, etc.). We can also talk about the unity of many cultural concepts behind the ritual lexicon: both traditions in the situation of ritual washing are characterized by the opposition of the “hard” and “soft” deceased body, “fragility” and “strength” of the bowl for washing. Objects in contact with a deceased body and anomalies during the ritual are endowed with negative semantics, etc. The influence of the Komi-Permyak tradition on the Russian one is less strong, but also noticable. In the context of the pervasive bilingualism of the Komi-Permyaks, their language affects the vocabulary of Russian monolinguals in mixed settlements. In particular, in the southern part of the Komi-Permyak district, on the territory of the settlement of Kudymkar-Inven Komi-Permyaks, in the speech of speakers of both languages we did not find some ritual terms (the verbal nouns with the meanings of action and figure) typical for Russian dialects in other territories of the Perm region.

East Slavic Contact Interaction in Primorsky Krai (According to the Linguistic Expedition of 2023)

The paper presents the first results of the field research carried out in June 2023 in the Khorol and Chernigov districts of Primorsky Krai of Russia among the descendants of immigrants from Ukrainian and Belarusian lands. The purpose of the expedition survey was to record the speech of dialect speakers of the Ukrainian and Belarusian languages, to study the functioning of dialects in contact with closely related Russian language, to identify the preservation of traditional folk culture. The main problem during field research was related to the difficulties of informants when trying to record spontaneous dialect speech. Relics of Belarusian dialects were not found in this expedition. The utterances in Ukrainian were recorded in cases of quoting speech of older relatives, in memories about childhood and in folklore. The paper presents some transcribed texts, reveals phonetic and morphological features, analyzes individual lexical units. Narratives on the following topics are presented: the linguistic situation among migrants at the micro and macro levels, metalanguage observations, stories about local place names and ethnic nicknames. In addition to audio recordings, a written source is analyzed, the history of the formation of the Khorol village, written in Russian with Ukrainian dialect items. This text reveals all the linguistic features noted in the oral speech of the informants. More-over, it contains valuable information about the daily activities of the first settlers, about their holidays, customs, contacts with neighbors of different ethnicity. In the future, it is planned to work on transcribing the entire corpus of recorded texts for their publication and analysis, as well as to publish a written history of the village of Khorol.

A SURVEY OF LEARNING MOTIVATION AND ATTITUDES OF HUI HERITAGE LANGUAGE USERS

The objective of this study is to review the conservation and transmission of the Hui dialects, utilizing the "inheritance language theory" that has surfaced internationally, whilst further appreciating the distinctiveness and significance of minority languages. The survey is executed by means of both empirical and quantitative techniques followed by assessment of the findings through SPSS statistical software, to manifest genuine situation of the Hui language inheritance.The survey results indicate that Xi'an Hui heritage language speakers possess an intermediate level of dialect proficiency or above. Furthermore, their listening and speaking skills outperformed their reading and writing abilities. Their dialects are frequently used, and they demonstrate an upper intermediate level of learning attitudes and motivation. The motivation and attitude of inherited dialect speakers are affected by various backgrounds, including gender, place of residence, and partner's ethnicity. In light of these findings, the author suggests protective measures for minority inherited languages at different levels and from various perspectives

«Корка на подпорках»: наименования неудачных хлебных изделий в русских говорах Пермского края

The article deals with the Perm dialect names of failed bread products. There are a large number of words in Perm dialects that name such foods, which indicates the ubiquity of home-baked bread. Naturally, there frequently occur various culinary mistakes. Characteristics and nominations of failed baked products testify to the importance for the dialect speakers of such properties as taste, texture, and shape. The author analyzes this group of vocabulary in the semantic-motivational aspect in order to determine the features of its formation, to identify possible borrowings, and to carry out etymological reconstruction of lexemes with an unclear internal form. The study shows that figurative, expressive units predominate in this lexical group; phraseological combinations and expressions, comparative constructions, metaphors are often used to characterize unbaked, not risen, burnt baked products. Basically, this fact explains the numerical predominance of Perm dialect vocabulary among the words with this meaning. The emergence of some lexemes is the result of borrowing from the Permiс (Komi and Komi-Permyak) languages. These lexical units are noted in the northern dialects of the Kama region since the territory of their use was characterized by the closest contacts with the Komi population. The making of bread and other baked products was one of the important duties of a woman in the peasant economy, testifying to her qualities as a hostess. Therefore, when describing failed baked products, speakers of the dialect may sometimes use expressions that indicate the mistakes of a female baker.

“Regional Linguobotanical Dictionary with Ethnocultural Data” as a Source for Creating a Galery of Phytoportraits and Fitosketches

The article demonstrates the possibility to create multidimensional studies: phytosketches and phytoportraits, dedicated to the analysis of plant images on the basis of dictionary entries of “Regional Linguobotanical Dictionary with Ethnocultural Data”, which the author is currently working on. The article introduces a term and elaborates on its distinction from the term phytoportrait, as well as formulates their main parameters. We suggest a phytoportrait model, including the following headings: introduction, dialect names of a plant/tree/shrub in the Kuban dialects, hyper-hyponymic paradigm, dialect phytomorphonyms, etymology (including folk), word-formation nest, figurative potential of a phytonym, use in everyday life, application in medicine, rites and religious festivals, folklore and folk omens, connected to plants. The maximum and minimum number of headings for each genre is indicated. The article shows the expediency of including illustrative material into the phytoportraits and phytosketches, which are either recordings of dialect speakers' live speech, presented by means of low-literate writing, or illustrative examples from ethnographic materials, the orthography of the source being preserved. The article presents one phytosketch “Zinnia” and phytoportrait “Pumpkin”, which describe the realia of the Kuban flora and their dialectal names.

Синонімія загальних назв одягу в українських східностепових говірках

The article focuses on the peculiarities of lexical synonymy in Eastern steppe dialects based on the material of one lexical-semantic group – common names of clothes. The source of the research is factual material recorded from dialect speakers of different age categories at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries in the dialects of the settlements of Donetsk region. Lexical doubletness (or absolute synonyms) is defined as the most common type of synonymous relations in the segment of dialect vocabulary under analysis. The reasons for the functioning of a significant number of absolute synonyms in the speech have been established. The influence of different Ukrainian dialects on the formation of the lexical system of newly created eastern steppe dialects is analysed as the main factor in the functioning of a significant number of doublet-synonymous common names of clothes. It is found out that the occurrence of a significant number of doublets is also due to the influence of the literary language and is caused by internal dialectal modifications that occur in Eastern steppe dialects. Continuity of nominative processes in the newly created dialects of Donetsk region is manifested not only in the increase in the number of lexical doublets as a result of interdialectal contacts or the influence of the literary language, but also in the subsequent processes of semantic and stylistic differentiation of doublet names. This has led to the active functioning of semantic and stylistic synonyms in the dialects in question. Appearance of a significant number of synonymous common names of clothes is determined by significant variations in the semantic structure of the nomen in the newly created Eastern steppe dialects.

Phonological Account of English Loanwords Adapted by Qunfudhah Arabic Dialect Speakers (QAD)

Phonological Account of English Loanwords Adapted by Qunfudhah Arabic Dialect Speakers (QAD)

Отражение семейных ценностей в материалах регионального корпуса народной речи Среднего Прииртышья

Based on the analysis of vocabulary presented in thematically marked texts of the corpus, the article reveals the connection between the constant “Family” in the linguistic consciousness of dialect speakers and other constants of traditional culture. The axiological component of the analysed fragment of the dialect worldview of the polyethnic region is determined.

MORPHOPHONEMIC ALTERNATIONS OF EKEGUSII NOMINAL DERIVATION: AN OPTIMALITY APPROACH

The study examined the morphophonemic alternations in derivation of nouns in Ekegusii to describe the types of derived nouns, the phonological processes involved in the nominal derivation and to formulate phonological constraints of prefixation. A descriptive research design was employed to collect, analyze and describe data. A list of 50 derived nominal was generated, Rogooro dialect speakers of Ekegusii in Moi University were identified to verify data. Sample data were obtained from each noun class through purposive sampling which were analyzed and coded into semantic classes and explained using Transderivational AntiFaithfulness (TAF) Theory. Findings of the study indicate that nominal derivation forms deverbal, deadjectival, diminutive and abstract nominals. Noun Class prefixes induce vowel deletion, alternation and lengthening, consonant mutation, deletion and nasal assimilation because of unfaithful mappings of inputs to the outputs as a result of the interaction of markedness and faithfulness constraints in Optimality and TAF Theories.

LEXICAL PECULIARITY OF SERBIAN DIALECTS OF SOUTHEASTERN HERZEGOVINA

This article is a part of a large study of the linguistic and geographical features of Serbian vocabulary, carried out by the author of this article on the basis of dialect questionnaire materials specially collected for this purpose in 2019-2021. In order to identify the arealogical characteristics of Serbian vocabulary and identify isoglosses passing through the territory of Serbian dialects, in conversations with dialect speakers from various regions of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, and in some cases personally by dialect speakers, questionnaires were filled out based on lexical questions of the Serbo-Croatian Dialect Atlas. The article describes the lexical features of the dialects of two settlements located in southeastern Herzegovina – Ljubinje and Djedići (In addition to the Herzegovina villages described in the work, material from another 20 Serbian settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, as well as several Croatian ones, is involved in the analysis.). The article highlights the following characteristics of Southeast Herzegoviаn vocabulary: 1) the preservation of Proto-Slavic archaisms, characteristic of the peripheral areas of the Central Slavic area;
 2) the use of words characteristic of the west of the Central Slavic area and uncharacteristic of its eastern part; 3) the use of words characteristic of the regions near the Adriatic coast; 4) the widespread use of lexical doublets, namely the use of words with different areal characteristics in the dialect. Based on the comparison of questionnaires from Ljubinje and Djedići with questionnaires from other researched points, we can distinguish several types of areas, which include south-eastern Herzegovina. 1) the south-western area; 2) the east Herzegovian area: unity with the dialect of the village of Mosorovići; 3) the western area; 4) the peripheral (in the broad sense of the word, including the dialects west of Drina and the dialects of (south) eastern Serbia); 5) Bosnian-Slavonian 6) eastern (uniting the dialects of eastern Herzegovina, Bosnia and Serbia). Typical, however, is the case of overlapping, or interference, of the western and eastern or central and peripheral areas.

Linguistic Imperialism: Viability of the Use of Native -Like Accent among English Language Learners

This paper argues that English language should be used basically as a tool of communication, not as a tool of imperialism. There is no necessity for English language learners to speak in a native-like accent. Instead of spending much time, money and efforts on learning and emulating the different native speaker accents of English, English language learners should direct their efforts on learning what is important to develop their English language skills. The study devalues the importance of emulation of native accents of English. It uses the argumentative method to prove the argumentation logically. It illustrates that English language has become an international language and not a property of native speakers and it is not important to attach it with native speakers anymore. The study also discusses how that will help to avoid any hegemonic impact on the learners' culture and native language.

ОБРАЗНА ОСНОВА ФАЗЕМ ІЗ КОМПОНЕНТОМ СНІГ У ДІАЛЕКТНОМУ МОВЛЕННІ

Studying and continuing the research traditions of Ivan Ohiienko in the records and determination of the peculiarities of Ukrainian folk phraseology, its role in the fi xation and preservation of ethnic cultural memory, linguists in the theoretical jus-tifi cation and practice of describing phraseological units study phraseological units in a wide linguistic and cultural context – the interconnection between language and culture. In the article the peculiarities of use and spatial distribution of phraseo-logical units with the component snow based on the materials of modern dictionar-ies of dialect speech are studied. It is determined that the characteristics of human features and actions, abstract concepts are the object of phraseologisation through fi gurative reinterpretation of the names of natural phenomena. Phraseological units with dialectal components encode the general ideas of a person, the abil-ity to characterize or evaluate something. In certain territories, the specifi city of metaphorical transfers, accents on diff erent scales of manifestation of the sign have been recorded. Lexicographic works on dialect language make it possible to study the local-dialectal features of phraseological units and their components. Fixed expressions with the component snow are distinguished by fi gurativeness and emotionality, testify to cognitive processes that connect the meaning of a free word combination with a phraseological one, make it possible to determine as-sociative, ethnolinguistic, and cultural foundations. The nomination of the natural phenomenon snow with other components forms a single integrity in phraseologi-cal units, which, when reinterpreted, creates a visual and sensory representation of a person (appearance, mental abilities, character features, peculiarities of behavior and actions. The linguistic expression of dialect speakers’ perception of the dialect model of the cyclical time model, of the natural order, designation of the concepts ‘never’, ‘very long’, ‘a long time’, etc. is also recorded. The presented analysis of phraseological units usage examples is only preliminary, but it proves that in the live dialect language speech of dialects speakers there are the widest functional possibilities of phrasemes both as expressions of states and human feelings and as implementers of communicative potential