Introduction Ruxolitinib (RUX), a first-in-class Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor, is the standard of care for myelofibrosis (MF). However, ~50% patients (pts) discontinue RUX after ~3 years, including a third due to lack/loss of spleen response. Targeting additional pathogenic signaling pathways may provide superior disease control and potentially address underlying causes of disease. JAK2 mutations in MF induce expression of HDM2, which degrades tumor suppressor protein p53. Siremadlin (SIR), a potent and selective HDM2 inhibitor, restores p53-mediated apoptosis, which may promote clonal regression and spleen volume reduction (SVR). ADORE (NCT04097821) is a three-part phase 1/2 platform study assessing RUX in combination with 5 novel compounds, including SIR. We report results from the Part 1 (phase 1b) dose escalation cohort of SIR added to existing stable dose of RUX after suboptimal response to RUX alone. Methods Eligible pts had a diagnosis of primary MF, post-polycythemia vera MF, or post-essential thrombocythemia MF, splenomegaly (a palpable spleen ≥5 cm from the left costal margin or spleen volume ≥450 cm3 by MRI/CT scan), hemoglobin (Hb) level <11 g/dL (earlier protocol: <10 g/dL), and platelet count ≥75 × 109/L. Pts must have received RUX for ≥12 weeks (wks) (earlier protocol: ≥24 wks) and at a stable dose for ≥4 wks (earlier protocol: ≥8 wks) prior to first combination dose. Part 1 objective was to characterize the safety, tolerability, and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of SIR added to RUX. Primary endpoint was incidence and severity of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) within first 2 cycles; secondary objectives included characterization of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Preliminary efficacy (change in spleen volume by MRI/CT scan from baseline [BL]), total symptom score (TSS) by MFSAF v4.0 and biomarkers were also explored. Pts were allocated to add SIR 20mg, 30mg or 40mg (orally once daily; days 1-5/28-day cycle) to their stable RUX dose (5-25mg twice daily). Adverse events (AEs) were coded by MedDRA and graded by CTCAE v5.0. Results In Part 1 SIR 20mg, 30mg and 40mg cohorts, 1/7, 9/10 and 1/6 pts were ongoing at data cut-off (April 13, 2022) respectively. The number of pts with DLTs after 2 cycles per number of evaluable pts was 0/6 at 20mg, 1/7 at 30mg (grade [G] 4 neutropenia and G4 thrombocytopenia in same pt), and 2/5 at 40mg (G3 and G4 thrombocytopenia). The most common AEs were gastrointestinal (GI) and hematologic (Table). RP2D was SIR 30mg/day. At 30mg, 5 pts experienced SIR-related GI toxicity; all events were G≤2; all lasted ≤4 days except for 1 case controlled with medication; 2 pts required concomitant medication for nausea, however, none discontinued treatment due to GI AEs. The most common hematologic AEs at 30mg were anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Two pts discontinued SIR 30mg due to G3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (for 1 pt) and G3 neutropenia (for 1 pt). At 30mg, 4/10 pts had completed a spleen volume assessment at 24 wks at time of data cut-off and all achieved SVR ≥35% from BL. At 20mg, 1/7 pts had SVR ≥35% at 24 wks. At 40mg, 3 pts discontinued prior to or did not complete spleen volume assessment at wk 24, limiting the availability of efficacy data (Figure). Symptom burden was low at BL across cohorts and subsequent TSS changes were highly variable between pts. SIR exposure increased with dose, with no relevant PK interactions between RUX and SIR observed. SIR increased growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) expression, indicating target TP53 engagement. All pts were TP53 wildtype at BL. At data cut-off, SIR treatment resulted in the emergence of TP53 mutant clones in 1/7 pts at 20mg, 0/10 pts at 30mg and 1/6 pts at 40mg, at very low variant allele frequency (0.02-0.06) with unknown clinical significance. At 24 wks, 4/7 SIR-treated pts with available data had a decrease in JAK2 V617F mutational burden from BL (range 1.85-20.0%). Conclusions The RP2D of SIR is established as 30mg orally once daily on days 1-5/28-day cycle when added to the existing stable dose of RUX in pts with suboptimal response to prior RUX treatment. The addition of SIR 30mg was well tolerated, with low-G short-duration GI toxicity in contrast to an expected HDM2 inhibitor class effect. Other AEs were consistent with known RUX safety profile. Good tolerability at 30mg allowed pts to remain on SIR + RUX and to achieve robust spleen volume responses at 24 wks. The study was sponsored by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal
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Oct 10, 2024
Arif Akyildiz + 7
