Spiritual Factors Research Articles

Clothing Hygiene of the Nomads of the Great Steppe in the 13th–16th Centuries

This article considers the clothing hygiene of the nomads who lived in the Eurasian steppes during the 13th to 16th centuries. The analysis is based on the written sources from various epochs describing the life of the nomads in the Great Steppe, as well as on the data from archaeological surveys, ethnographic materials, and certain areas of medicine. The objective and subjective factors that determined the hygienic practices of the nomads in caring for their clothes are identified. The nomadic costume was designed to meet the needs of the nomadic life: it was practical and comfortable. Most garments were made of natural materials of animal origin and were therefore difficult to wash. For this and some other reasons, the nomads wore their clothes until they were completely worn out and cleaned them using drying, airing, shaking out, and freezing. The clothing hygiene of the noble nomads differed from that of the ordinary ones, mainly in how often they changed garments. Spiritual and ideological factors (prohibitions, superstitions, and omens) also played a certain role, but this needs to be explored in more detail. Since little is known about personal hygiene habits of the nomads, some of the conclusions made here may be controversial, which in turn will fuel further research on the traditional culture of life support among the nomads of the Eurasian steppes.

University students’ wellbeing and mental health during COVID-19: An online photovoice approach

The pandemic has had a multifaceted impact on individuals of all age groups, giving rise to a myriad of psychological challenges and problems. This effect has been particularly pronounced among university students who harbor concerns about their education and future prospects. In these trying times of COVID-19, it is of paramount importance to discern the factors that bolster or impede the mental health and overall well-being of college students. This knowledge serves as the foundation for delivering preventive and interventional support services. The objective of this study was to identify the biopsychosocial, spiritual, and economic factors that either enhance or hinder the lives of students specializing in Islamic sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this, the Online Photovoice (OPV) method was employed. The study engaged 108 participants (68 female and 40 male) from an Islamic Studies Department in Turkey. The findings revealed 27 factors that facilitated well-being, including elements such as the beauty of nature, positive emotions, and the support of family and relatives. Conversely, 27 factors were identified as non-facilitating, including issues like inadequate planning and communication, confinement indoors, and the experience of negative emotions. Professionals working with college students can leverage these insights to better serve their needs and address the challenges they face. In conclusion, understanding the diverse factors that impact the lives of university students during the pandemic, both positively and negatively, is essential for guiding effective support and intervention strategies. By recognizing these facets, this study provides important implications for promoting the mental health and well-being of students, ensuring a brighter and more resilient future in the face of unprecedented challenges.

The effect of workplace bullying on fatigue in school teachers: the moderating roles of gender and spirituality

ABSTRACT Workplace bullying is quite prevalent and has been linked to many health complaints. The relationship between workplace bullying and fatigue was documented in previous studies. However, knowledge on how this relationship develops with the interplaying factors of spirituality and gender was not investigated before especially among schoolteachers. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between workplace bullying and fatigue as moderated by spirituality and gender among schoolteachers in Lebanon. This is a cross-sectional study, where 215 schoolteachers aged 18 till 64 and employed for a minimum of 6 months were recruited through systematic sampling. Six private and six public schools in Beirut participated in the study. Online questionnaires using validated scales were used. Both simple and multiple ordinal logistic regression were performed for the statistical analysis. Results showed that workplace bullying is a predictor of fatigue with an odds ratio of 2.74 and p-value 0.008. Gender was found to be an effect modifier for this relationship, mainly among females (OR 2.66, p-value 0.047) but not among males. Anxiety and depression also predicted higher levels of fatigue (OR 5.75, p-value 0.017). Spirituality did not moderate this relationship.

Refugees, asylum seekers, and practitioners' perspectives of embodied trauma: A comprehensive scoping review.

Individuals seeking refuge and asylum commonly present to health care practitioners with embodiment of mental distress resulting from the traumatic nature of their migration experiences. The number of displaced individuals has doubled over the past decade due to the impacts of war, religious and political conflict, climate change, and COVID-19. Studies point towards the need for a comprehensive scoping review to fully explicate the concept of embodied trauma, bridging the gap between phenomenological lived experience and the many treatments available. To inform psychotherapy guidelines by identifying the evidence for embodied trauma, clarifying key terms, examining how research is conducted, and identifying gaps in the knowledge. A five-stage scoping review protocol was operationalized to explore and analyze the existing literature and associated terminology by (a) identifying the research question, (b) identifying the relevant literature, (c) selecting the studies, (d) charting the data, and (e) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Highlight the need for a clear definition of terms, the development of a culturally informed assessment and formulation for individuals experiencing embodied trauma, and reveal a gap in the research for the best treatment approach(es). Proposal of a clear definition of embodied trauma and key themes for future research including culturally informed care, psychosocial support, language considerations, relational belonging, and inclusion of sexual, spiritual, and existential factors, moving away from purely Westernized diagnoses and treatments towards culturally informed care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Użytkowe i symboliczne znaczenie roślin leczniczych na planie opactwa Sankt Gallen (pocz. IX wieku)

Utility and symbolic meaning of medicinal plants on the Plan of the Abbey of Saint Gall (beginning of the 9th century) The world of the Latin Middle Ages was marked by the spiritual-corporeal binomial: the real space was connected with many threads with the spiritual space. Religious symbolism and imagination played a huge role in this binomial. A particular concentration of symbolic and mystical-allegorical meanings was present in the monastic space (Latin claustrum). Monks living in monasteries were separated by a double barrier from the world: real – by walls and symbolic – internal discipline (rule). This separation was archetypal – in monasteries there was a border between the cosmos and chaos, between the earthly paradise (paradisus terrestris) and the damned world (terra damnata). In such an antithetical, terrestrial and supernatural key, the culture of the Middle Ages read various elements of monastic life, defi ned by the vectors of time and place, ranging from the symbolism of the temple as the eschatological Heavenly Jerusalem, through buildings and monastery gardens (biblical Eden), ending with the plants cultivated in them. Plants were grown in monasteries for functional (edible and medicinal) reasons, as well as for spiritual reasons (they were attributed apotropaic properties) and for aesthetic reasons (beauty was also considered a spiritual factor). Medicines were seen in medicinal plants for the body and soul. They had an important symbolic and religious meaning in the monastic life, they symbolized virtues or sins. Such an understanding of plants can be found in an important document that was created in the Carolingian era, the plan of the Benedictine abbey in Saint Gall. The abbey plan provides precise information not only about the structure of the monastery buildings, but also about medicinal plants, individual species and places of their cultivation within the monastery walls.

Efficacy of 12-step mutual-help groups other than Alcoholics Anonymous: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This paper offers a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies on the main twelve-step mutual-help (TSMH) groups (excluding Alcoholics Anonymous) and four meta-analyses exploring the correlation between (i) duration or involvement in TSMH groups and; (ii) severity of symptoms or quality of life. Systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches of databases (MEDLINE, PsychInfo), a register (ClinicalTrials) and citations were conducted, from inception through November 01 2022. Fifty five articles were included (24 quantitative, 27 qualitative, 4 mixed-methods), corresponding to 47 distinctive studies. 68% of these studies were conducted in North America, 17% in Middle East, 11% in the European Union and 4% in Australia. The most studied TSMH group were Gamblers Anonymous (28% of the 47 studies), Narcotics Anonymous (26%), Double Trouble in Recovery (15%), Overeaters Anonymous (19%) and TSMH groups for compulsive sexual behaviors (11%). The four meta-analyses pooled data from 9 studies. Pooled mean age ranged from 36.5 to 40.5. 80-81% of participants were male. TSMH attendance and involvement were negatively correlated with severity of symptoms (high and medium levels of evidence) and positively correlated with quality of life (low levels of evidence). Twenty-one qualitative papers reported factors influencing recovery: Social (n = 15), emotional (n = 9), spiritual (n = 8), self-identification or psychological (n = 6) factors. Review provides characteristics of TSMH groups others than Alcoholics Anonymous, with implications for both research and healthcare practice. The perspective to implement TSMH groups targeting ontological addiction, at the root of all addiction, is discussed.Protocol registration: Prospero registration number: CRD42022342605.

The Influence of Sociocultural Practices of Society on Health

The influence of people's sociocultural practices on health has been a major focus in global health studies. In an era of rapid change, recognition of the complex impact of cultural practices, values, and traditions on physical and mental well-being is increasingly important. Health today is thought to be the result of interactions involving biological, social, environmental, and psychological factors. The study collected and analyzed literature, qualitative approaches, and field data to investigate the influence of sociocultural practices on health. The study's findings point to several key aspects in this context. Diet and physical activity have a significant role in sociocultural influences on health. People's diets that reflect cultural values and the availability of natural resources can contribute to chronic disease risk. Physical activity, which is also influenced by social and cultural factors, has an impact on overall health. Traditional medicine also has a great influence on health. Some communities still rely on hereditary medical practices, which can often complement modern medical care. Social support also has an impact on mental and physical health, with strong support networks playing a role in reducing stress and improving well-being. In addition, perceptions of disease and spiritual factors also play a role in sociocultural practices that affect health. Some communities may associate illness with spiritual aspects, while others are more likely to see it as a result of biological factors. In conclusion, the sociocultural practices of society have a strong influence on the health of individuals and communities. Diet, traditional medicine practices, social support, and perceptions of disease are all interrelated and form complex interactions. A deeper understanding of these factors is important in developing a holistic and sustainable health approach that considers cultural and social diversity. Collaboration between health professionals, social scientists, and the public is needed to optimize the positive impact and reduce the negative impact of sociocultural practices on health.

The experience of maternal mental distress in The Gambia: A qualitative study identifying idioms of distress, perceptions of contributing factors and the supporting role of existing cultural practices.

Maternal mental health problems are experienced frequently in the perinatal period and can be up to twice as common in women from low- and middle-income countries. The terms used to describe mental illness symptoms and the factors that contribute to developing these symptoms are affected by culture and context. Based on 14 focus group discussions held with pregnant women, health professionals and cultural leaders, this qualitative study aimed to understand women's experiences of mental distress during the perinatal period in The Gambia. To do this it aimed to 1) identify the most commonly used idioms of distress, 2) identify the factors believed to affect women's perinatal mental health and 3) explore the role of existing cultural practices, including musical practices, that were identified as locally significant in supporting maternal and mental health. Sondomoo tenkung baliyaa (Mandinka) and xel bu dalut (Wolof) were identified as the most commonly used idioms of distress which roughly translate to lack of a steady mind/heart. Using thematic analysis, six themes (Poverty of the healthcare system, Shifting cultural context, Economic factors, Social factors, Spiritual factors, and Cultural practices involving music) were identified to describe the factors that shape women's experience of mental health during the perinatal period. Lack of economic resources, the prevailing poverty of the health system, an unsupportive husband and spiritual attack by evil spirits or witches were common reasons given for a woman experiencing maternal mental distress. Various existing cultural practices involving music, such as fertility societies, naming ceremonies and community music-making, were recognised as valuable for supporting women's mental health during the perinatal period. This work emphasises that initiatives to support perinatal mental health should be grounded in an understanding of local community cultural practices, knowledge, and experiences.

Exploring Spiritual and Religious Aspects of Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case of Spiritual Tourism

The existing literature on "spiritual tourism" remains notably limited, despite its significant impact on tourist well-being and the sustainable development of the tourism industry. Many scholars and practitioners recommended various categories of tourism such as ecotourism, soft tourism, green tourism, and responsible tourism so on, as contributors to sustainable tourism development. Experiences show that the use of unsophisticated means and instruments for achieving sustainability of tourism development are overwrought attempts. Therefore, these forms of tourism cannot solely be trusted as a way forward to the sustainable growth of the tourism industry, worldwide. A new balance with rational domination of mind over body, head over heart, and the individual over world is required; to achieve goals of sustainability. Previous research often treated "religiosity" and "spirituality" as interchangeable, yet the distinctive nature of spiritual tourism, a pivotal avenue towards sustainability, necessitates further investigation. This paper aims to delve into the intricate interplay of spiritual and religious factors influencing tourists' pursuit of pleasure and their subsequent pro-environmental behaviors. Employing a purposive and snowball sampling approach, this exploratory research engaged international tourists, Non-Governmental Organizations, the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC), and tour operators through interviews. The outcomes shed light on how the dynamic interplay of religious and spiritual factors significantly mold tourists' behavioral intentions, ultimately impacting their active involvement in pro-environmental and pro-social activities. This study makes a valuable contribution to the field of tourism by distinguishing between religiosity and spirituality, a nuanced perspective that has been relatively underexplored. Furthermore, it offers fresh insights for tour operators and tourism managers, encouraging them to incorporate spiritual and religious dimensions when crafting tour packages. It's worth noting that the study's limitation lies in its relatively small sample size. In essence, this research bridges a crucial gap in the understanding of spiritual tourism, emphasizing its role in enhancing sustainability within the tourism sector and advocating for further exploration in this area.

FACTOR ANALYSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREA AND URBAN AREA

Introduction. Fluctuations in blood sugar levels greatly affect the health status of diabetes mellitus sufferers. Blood sugar stability that is difficult to achieve causes significant health problems. One of the things that diabetes mellitus sufferers must pay attention to is the pattern of maintaining health through diabetes mellitus management itself. Aims: This study aims to determine the factors that influence diabetes mellitus management patterns. Methode: This type of research is descriptive with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were diabetes mellitus sufferers. The number of samples in this study were 60 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire to measure motivation, perception, and spirituality. Statistical analysis using linear Chi-Square analysis. The inclusion criteria in this study were pre-diabetes mellitus sufferers who lived in rural areas and urban areas of society. the exclusion criterion is not willing to be a respondent The results of this study show that there is a relationship between motivation, perception, adaptation and spiritual factors in the management of diabetes mellitus results of data analysis p value <0.05, so it can be concluded that self-perception, self-motivation, coping skills, and spirituality affect the management of diabetes mellitus.

등산 마니아의 심리적 혜택과 영적 웰빙 체험 분석

The purpose of this study was to identify the psychological benefits and spiritual well-being experiences of mountaineering enthusiasts using phenomenological analysis methods. Participants in the study selected a total of eight participants who had more than eight years of hiking experience and played the role of a hiking leader or management team by snowball sampling. Data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews, and the contents obtained were coded and systematically analyzed. The results of this study were as follows. First, resilience, leisure identity, perceived freedom, negative stress reduction, and fun were found in the psychological benefits of mountaineering enthusiasts. Second, among the spiritual well-being factors of mountain climbing, hope, disease relief, wonder, sense of unity, human weakness, and faith appeared. Participants in this study played a heavy role in the hiking club, and as a hiking leader or management team, an appearance for a community different from general hiking activities was added. Through this, it was found that mountain climbing was a leisure activity that allows psychological benefits and spiritual well-being experiences.

Schools: A vital component of Child and Adolescent Mental Health

Mental health among children and adolescents persists as a significant public health concern, given the continuous escalation in the prevalence of mental disorders.1 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), roughly 20% of young people encounter psychiatric difficulties.2 A considerable proportion (50%) of psychiatric morbidity in adults manifests in the formative years ofchildhood. Children and adolescents living in LMIC have a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity due to various adversities they face, including limited services to support children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and stigma, poor educational facilities and educational environment, bullying, caregivers’ absence, chronic poverty, armed conflicts, etc. Despite the high burden of mental illnesses originating at young age and associated disability, evidence from both developed and developing countries suggest that the majority of children at risk of psychiatric illness remain undetected and untreated. In certainsocieties, it is not an anomalous phenomenon that parents are held accountable for their child’s mental illness or that it is traced back to spiritual factors and demonic possession. Epilepsy, a significant co-morbid disorder with manydevelopmental problems in children, is sometimes considered contagious. Lack of resources (finances, services, human resources) and stigma faced by children and families are among the main barriers identified in access to care.

Autism and Religion.

The disease burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a definitive public health challenge. The quality of life of children with ASD depends on how the cultural environment fits their special needs, including religious and spiritual factors. Does ASD predict low religiosity, and if not, what is the significance for clinical care? To answer this question, we reviewed the literature on the cognitive models of ASD and religious beliefs. We found that the cognitive models of ASD and religious beliefs substantially overlap, which is particularly important from a developmental psychological perspective. These models include Theory of Mind and intentionality, the "broken mirror" hypothesis, central coherence, and the intense world theory. We dispute the assumption that individuals with ASD are inherently less religious and spiritual than the neurotypical population. Religiosity is possibly expressed differently in ASD with unique spiritual experiences and beliefs ("gifted, visionary, and truth-seeker"). In some circumstances, a religious background can be helpful for both children with ASD and their caregivers. These circumstances should not be neglected, and clinicians are encouraged to consider patients' religious context, resources, and needs.

Spiritualitas dan Kewirausahaan: Eksplorasi Peran Praktik Tasawuf Dalam Kesuksesan Usaha

This article examines the impact of Sufi practices on entrepreneurial success, with a specific focus on jeans entrepreneurs in Wonosobo Regency. This research employs a qualitative approach within the framework of ethical Sufism to understand how spiritual values influence business behavior. The study subjects include three entrepreneurs, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Descriptive analysis indicates that the continuity of worship practices, especially prayer, significantly contributes to the formation of resilient and integrity-driven entrepreneur characters. The findings confirm that entrepreneurs who are consistent in their worship practices tend to experience better business stability and growth. This study confirms that integrating Sufism into entrepreneurship not only enriches the personal dimension of entrepreneurs but also generates competitive advantages. These conclusions suggest the importance of considering spiritual factors in modern business development strategies.

Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa Dalam Perspektif Syariah Enterprise Theory

This research seeks to comprehend the responsibility of village fund management in light of the sharia business theory. The necessity of accountability in the administration of village funds must be emphasized in order to achieve public and government confidence, which is the primary purpose of village funds. This study employs a descriptive qualitative literature review or literature review methodology. According to the findings of this research, all village governments aim for good governance, which includes adopting responsible and transparent village finance governance. Community participation in the administration of village finances is mandated by law from the planning phase to the accountability phase of village fund management. Accountability in managing village money entails not just monetary but also spiritual considerations. If the administration of village money is restricted to material elements, financial report manipulation and markups are likely to occur; hence, material factors must be complemented by spiritual aspects. The spiritual factor at issue is sustaining the provided trust; trust is a duty for which Allah SWT must be held personally responsible as the trust's donor. The value of trust serves as an example for village fund managers to represent the ideals of fairness and integrity while administering village money in a transparent and responsible way.

Çevresel ve Manevi Faktörler Bağlamında Hastanelerdeki Manevi Destek Hizmetinin Psiko-Sosyal Uyuma Etkisi

Maneviyat, kişilerin sıkıntılı süreçlerinde başvurabilecekleri önemli kaynaklardandır. Yakın geçmişe kadar sağlık alanında önemi ihmal edilen dine/maneviyata olan ilgi günden güne artmaya başlamıştır. Hastalara dolaylı da olsa sosyal açıdan destek sağlayan hizmet alanlarından biri de manevi destek hizmetidir. 1900’lü yılların sonralarında din/maneviyat, sağlık hizmetlerinde önemi yadsınamayacak bir alan olarak kabul görmeye başlamıştır. Yapılan araştırmalar, dinin/maneviyatın fiziksel, ruhsal sağlık ve iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaya devam etmektedir. Manevi destek hizmeti, Batı’da yüz yıllık bir geçmişe sahip olan, hastalıkla mücadele edilirken dini/manevi kaynaklardan destek alınması noktasında kişilere rehberlik etmek amacıyla yapılanan bir alandır. Ülkemizde yeni uygulanmaya başlanan bir hizmet sahası olarak manevi destek, hastalık süreçlerinde yaşanılan çeşitli problemlerin aşılmasında dini/manevi kaynakların rehberliğinde hastalara danışmanlık ve rehberlik hizmeti sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yaşanan ciddi hastalıklar, psiko-sosyal-manevi pek çok problemi beraberinde getirmektedir. Hastalık sürecinin meydana getirdiği kriz durumunda hastalar, çevresel ve varoluşsal açıdan çeşitli sorunlarla yüz yüze gelebilmektedirler. Bu süreçte hastaların çevresel sıkıntılarının giderilmesi, sosyal destek sağlanması, varoluşsal sorgulamalarının çözümlenebilmesi adına alternatif bakım hizmetlerine duyulan ilginin arttığı gözlemlenmektedir. Hastaların durumunu kabullenme sürecine etki eden kişisel, çevresel, hastalık kaynaklı, dini/manevi temelli pek çok etmen vardır. Bu çalışmada, hastaların psiko-sosyal uyumlarında etkili olduğu düşünülen çevresel ve dini/manevi etkenler incelenmiştir. Hastaların uyum süreçlerini etkileyebilen bu faktörlerin olumsuz tesirlerinin azaltılmasında manevi destek hizmetinin nasıl bir rol üstlendiği manevi destek personellerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması deseni tercih edilmiş ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada İstanbul, Bursa, Ankara, Eskişehir, Adana, Antalya şehirlerinden 24 manevi destek personeliyle görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma, iki ana bölümden oluşmakta olup ilk bölümde teorik çerçeveye, ikinci bölümde mülakat sonuçlarından elde edilen bulgulara yer verilmiştir. Teorik çerçevenin yer aldığı birinci kısımda din ve maneviyat kavramları tanımlanmış, manevi destek hizmetine dair genel bilgilendirme yapılmış, psiko-sosyal uyum kavramı açıklanmıştır. İkinci kısımda katılımcılarla gerçekleştiren mülakatlar sonucunda elde edilen bulgular aktarılmıştır. Sonuç kısmında elde edilen bulgular özetlenmiştir.

Contriving emotional resilience through spirituality in the light of Vedanta

This study examines the Indian perspective on emotions, focusing on the concept of Gunas or Subjective Experiences. Indian Philosophies emphasize the transient nature of emotions and advocate for achieving emotional equilibrium through allegiance to a higher power and surrender. The study concludes that spirituality plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' emotional experiences, contributing to improved mental well-being and reduced narcissistic tendencies. Religious practices foster a sense of security and trust in a "superior being", while emotions involve the feelings experienced towards God or the Divine. Resilience, defined as the ability to adapt in the face of difficulties, is closely linked to these components. The hypothesis posits that an affinity towards the concept of God optimizes both emotions and resilience, fostering well-being across physical, psychological, emotional, and social domains. By investigating the interplay between emotions, religion, and resilience from an Indian perspective, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of their complex relationship and their impact on mental health. The utilization of library research allows for an in-depth exploration of relevant literature and philosophical texts. The insights derived from this research have the potential to inform mental health interventions and promote holistic well-being in diverse cultural contexts. By recognizing the significance of religious and spiritual factors in emotional experiences and resilience, practitioners can tailor interventions that address the specific needs of individuals within different cultural and religious frameworks, ultimately enhancing their overall mental well-being.

Spirituality Factor in the Professional Ideology of a Modern Journalist: On the Issue of Cultural Memory

In the modern world of global information and psychological warfare the problem of preserving traditional values of Russia is acute. Spirituality as a factor of human formation in the profession remains a priority in the sphere of scientific research. The purpose of the research is to characterize the construct of «spirituality» as the basic foundation of a journalist’s professional ideology; using the results of the journalists’ survey; to identify and analyze the key frames of the spirituality of a journalist, affecting the ideals and strategies of his work. The research has been conducted in 2022 and included two stages: a survey of journalists in various cities of Russia and a personal questionnaire survey of students of the St. Petersburg and Transbaikal State universities, who study journalism. As a result, 319 questionnaires have been processed. The research is carried out within the framework of cognitive linguistics and psychology, taking into account the position of the unified process of perception, processing and transmission of information. The authors have relied on the sociocultural approach and linguocultural analysis, emphasizing the integrative potential of the mass media in transmitting the values of society. Content analysis and associative experiment are used to identify the constructs of the national worldview. Spirituality is an integral component of the personality of a professional. It is directly related to the sociocode of the native culture, awakens national identification and in its orientation towards the common good can help in resisting an aggressive environment. The results of the study have shown concern among media workers and future journalists about the number and quality of publications on spiritual and moral issues. A lack of materials on the values of the family and society as a whole is stressed. Most journalists in the list of their work priorities give accent to reliance on the meanings and values of the event, the possibility of self-knowledge, the predominance of the spiritual over the material. Among the key frames of the axiological model of «spirituality» are named the following ones: Responsibility, Truth, Hard work, Love, Help, etc. Nevertheless, the fragmentary loss of journalists’ moral guidelines due to the multipluralism of moral matrices and transformation of professional skills is noted.

O PAPEL DA PSICOLOGIA NO CUIDADO PALIATIVO: reflexões acerca do luto

Introduction: Palliative care is a philosophy of health care that prioritizes the sick individual and not his pathology, which includes physical, social, psychological, and spiritual factors. Objectives: Analyze the contributions of psychology regarding the coping of grief in palliative care. Method: It is an integrative literature review in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), with the descriptors psychology, palliative care and grief. Results: 13 articles were found that met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated the importance of psychology in the triad of care - the patient, team and family, on issues involving palliative care and terminality, as well as, presenting religiosity and spirituality as resources for coping with grief. Final considerations: The difficulties of patients, health professionals, and family members in the evolution of the terminality of life are evident, which makes the presence of psychology as a facilitating component of this insertion and the importance of developing more research on this theme as an instrument of scientific knowledge for the practice and interventions in education for death, quality of life, and finitude, a theme present in the content on palliative care, is perceived.

THE SOCIALIZING FUNCTION OF KARATE AMONG ARMENIAN KARATEKAS

The spiritual-cultural field of karate and the socialization process for Armenian athletes is full of contradictions due to the religious-philosophical value systems. The spiritual education and ideological systems in karate do not consider the value systems of foreign athletes and the impact it might have on the socialization of Armenian athletes which can lead to losing national identity and culture. To avoid this Armenian sensei should use cognitive training and national values, which will have Armenian national identity, in realizing his mission of educating athletes. The relevance of the current research is based on the above-mentioned statement. The aim of the research is to reveal the motives activating the spiritual factors of Armenian athletes and to replace them by national motives in benefit of national identity and consciousness. The research problems are to develop new motives among Armenian athletes by using the impact of national values, to use appropriate educational tools and mechanisms to change the attitude of Armenian athletes . In the process of developing identity the athletes acquire values from their sensei and get the appropriate skills of karate. The only way to prevent the loss of national identity is the implementation of a new national educational model based on the following principles: 1. To change the ideological approaches of religious-philosophical cognitions and attitudes which contradict our national perceptions of karate. 2. To eliminate the inconsistency by radically changing the behavior.