Spiritual Well-Being Scale Research Articles

The relationship between earthquake risk perceptions, religious orientation, spiritual well-being in individuals with and without earthquake experience: a cross-sectional study

The physical and psychological effects of earthquakes on individuals with their experience dimension are important. This study aimed to examine the relationship between earthquake risk perception, religious orientation, and spiritual well-being among individuals with and without earthquake experience. The data collection instruments included a socio-demographic information questionnaire, earthquake risk perception scale, religious orientation scale, and three-factor spiritual well-being scale. Statistical evaluations were performed using independent samples t test, one-way ANOVA test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test (Levene), Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses. About 59.9% of the participants had experienced an earthquake. Individuals with earthquake experience scored 33.04 ± 7.80 on the earthquake risk perception scale, 100.65 ± 20.80 on the religious orientation scale, and 119.66 ± 18.87 on the three-factor spiritual well-being scale. Those without earthquake experience scored 31.57 ± 7.74, 96.70 ± 18.46, and 114.09 ± 18.04 on the respective scales. The average scores on the earthquake risk perception scale were found to be statistically significant with respect to gender, while the average scores on the religious orientation scale and the three-factor spiritual well-being scale were found to be statistically significant with respect to both gender and substance use. The regression analysis revealed that religious orientation and three-factor spiritual well-being significantly predicted 13.5% of the variance in earthquake risk perception. Studies to increase individuals’ risk perception are important in minimizing the destructive effects of earthquakes in countries in the earthquake zone.

The transmission of intergenerational trauma and protective factors in survivors of the lebanese civil war and their adult offspring

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to examine the transmission of intergenerational trauma in survivors of the Lebanese civil war and their adult offspring. To examine potential mechanisms, it was hypothesized that the relationship between parental war exposure and offspring psychopathology was statistically mediated by (i) parental psychopathology and (ii) offspring exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE). Finally, it was predicted that spirituality and social support might buffer against the effects of adversity and therefore moderate the association between trauma exposure and psychopathology. MethodAn online questionnaire-based study was conducted, recruiting 110 dyads of parents who had lived through the Lebanese civil war and their post-war born adult offspring. Parental war exposure and trauma symptoms [with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ)] and offspring adverse childhood experiences and trauma symptoms [with Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and Impact of Events Scale Revised (IES-R)] were assessed. Both parents and offspring’s distress [with Beirut Distress Scale (BDS-10)], depression and anxiety symptoms [with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21)], perceived social support [with Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)], and perceived spirituality [with Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS)] were measured. ResultsParental war exposure and offspring psychopathology were statistically mediated by parental psychopathology, but not ACE exposure. Offspring of parents with (vs without) high levels of psychopathology had 3.72 times higher odds of reporting high levels of psychopathology themselves. Findings showed that the correlation between trauma exposure and psychopathology was moderated by perceived social support and spirituality. However, the correlation was only significant for higher levels of social support and spirituality. DiscussionThese results suggest that the presence of the proximal risk factor "low social support” may affect psychopathology negatively no matter the amount of adverse experiences consistent with a recency model of adversity. If social support is at least moderate, the distal risk factor “adverse experiences/ war trauma” impacts psychopathology. Overall, these findings highlight the need for trauma-informed mental health support for people fleeing from or residing in countries with ongoing or recent armed conflicts.

The Association Between Well-Being and Empathy in Medical Residents: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objective: To evaluate the extent to which personal well-being may be associated with empathy, while controlling for potential confounders. Settings/Location: Residency programs throughout the United States. Subjects: A total of 407 medical residents from residencies including general medicine, surgery, specialized and diagnostic medicine participated in this study. Outcome Measures: Well-being was measured using the modified existential well-being subscale of the spiritual well-being scale. Empathy was measured using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. Results: Well-being was found to be positively correlated with empathy when adjusted for possible confounders (p < 0.001). In addition to well-being, other factors noted to be statistically significant contributors to higher empathy scores while controlling for the others included age, gender, year in residency, specialty, and work-hours (p < 0.05 for each). After controlling for these factors, a resident's year in residency was not found to be a statistically significant contributor to empathy score. Conclusions: In this study, well-being was associated with empathy in medical and surgical residents. Empathy is a fundamental component of physician competency, and its development is an essential aspect of medical training. These findings suggest that efforts to increase well-being may promote empathy among medical residents.

Fatigue among Greek Parents of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: The Roles of Spirituality and Social Support.

The high demands of caring for and raising a child with autism spectrum disorder on a daily basis may lead parents to physical and mental fatigue. This study aimed to assess the effect of social support and spirituality on the fatigue of parents with children with autistic spectrum disorder. A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was conducted in Schools of Special Education in Attica (Greece). The sample consisted of 123 parents who completed The Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT Sp-12) to measure the levels of fatigue, social support, and spirituality, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the quantitative variables. To study the effect of social support and spirituality on fatigue, multivariable linear regression was applied. The mean age was 47.3 years old, 81.3% were women, and 38.9% stated "Close/Very close faith toward God". Higher levels of total MSPSS and FACIT Sp-12 were associated with lower total FAS (r = -0.50, p < 0.001 and r = -0.49, p < 0.001, respectively). Social support and spirituality were significant predictors of fatigue.

Factors influencing spiritual well-being among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Purpose: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease has a progressive nature that limits daily-life activities. It is essential that the spiritual needs of patients not be neglected and that they be included in the daily clinical routine appropriately. This study was conducted to determine factors influencing spiritual well-being among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Material and Methods: In cross-sectional analysis, comparative and relational analyses of spiritual well-being were calculated based on demographic-clinical characteristics, sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety. Data collection tools were Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Further analysis was carried out with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Those who did not take the recommended dose of medication and did not use devices at home were associated with higher spiritual well-being. Sleep quality, quality of life and trait anxiety had an explanatory value of 24% for spiritual well-being. The best predictive variable was found to be trait anxiety. Conclusion: Identifying factors associated with spiritual well-being may allow the determination of the health requirements for holistic health management in clinical practice. In-depth analyzes of spiritual well-being, to be conducted with a wider range of variables, may reveal potential mechanisms on the health outcomes of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The Investigation of Death Anxiety and Spiritual Well-Being Levels of Family Members of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit.

This study aimed to investigate the death anxiety (DA) and spiritual well-being (SWB) levels of first-degree family members of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). The data of this descriptive correlational type of study were collected through a faceto-face interview and survey with 308 family members who came to visit family members treated in the ICU of a public hospital in the western province of Turkey. Results were analyzed with SPSS software version 22. The average Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) score of the family members is 7.99 (3.15), which is above the middle value (min/max; 0-15), and the average Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) score is 121.83 (12.91), which is relatively high (min/max; 29-145). A positive, weak, and significant correlation existed between DAS and SWBS mean scores (r=0.20; P<0.05). As a result, the DA levels of family members increase with the thought of losing their patients in the ICU. During this period, family members of patients need spirituality more than ever to cope with increasing DA. In this study, a positive and significant correlation was found between the DA levels and SWB levels of the family members. According to this result, as family members' DA increases, their spiritual needs also increase.

Symptom Distress, Social Support, Spiritual Well-Being, and Quality of Life Among Women With Gynecologic Cancer

Women with gynecological cancers experience physical and mental distress due to their diagnosis, surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, all of which have adverse physical, mental, social, and spiritual impacts on their quality of life. This study was designed to examine the correlations among symptom distress, social support, spiritual well-being, and quality of life as well as the predictors of quality of life in women with gynecological cancers. This was a cross-sectional correlational study. A total of 91 women with gynecologic cancer were recruited from a medical center in central Taiwan. A demographic characteristics questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Questionnaire Taiwanese version, the Chinese Modified Symptom Distress Scale, the Chinese Simplified Social Support Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale were used for data collection. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed on the data. Symptom distress was found to correlate negatively with spiritual well-being as well as with the physical health, psychological health, and environmental health domains of quality of life. Social support and spiritual well-being were found to correlate positively with all four domains of quality of life. Social support was identified as the main predictor of quality of life. Symptom distress, social support, and spiritual well-being should be incorporated into nursing education to improve medical staff awareness of these issues and promote the timely evaluation of patient needs. Moreover, medical staff should provide appropriate social and spiritual support and multi-disciplinary care as well as make referrals when necessary to related support groups to improve clinical care quality to enhance patient quality of life.

The Mediating Role of Spiritual Well-Being in the Relationship Between Love of Life and General Psychological Health

The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between love of life and the general psychological health of individuals between the ages of 18-65. The research was designed by the Relational Screening Model. In the study, love of life was determined as the independent variable, general psychological health as the dependent variable and spiritual well-being as the mediating variable. Hayes' PROCESS Model was used to test the model's accuracy established between dependent, independent and mediating variables. The study group of the research consists of 329 people living in various provinces of Turkey. Data collection tools include the consent form created by the researcher, demographic form, Love of Life Scale (LLS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). The Pearson Product Moment method was used in the study to examine the relationship between the two variables. In order to measure the relationship between love of life, general psychological health and spiritual well-being variables and demographic variables separately, an independent sample t-test applied. ANOVA (One-Way Analysis of Variance) statistics measured the significance between the love of life, general psychological health and spiritual well-being.

Spiritual Well-Being of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in The Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) are at risk of experiencing problems in various aspects of life. Changes in spiritual conditions are one of the problems that often occur, especially spiritual well-being. Existential well-being (EWB) and religious well-being (RWB) are specific parts of spiritual well-being that will be analyzed in this study. The research design used is descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was patients who experienced Acute Coronary Syndrome and were treated in the cardiac intensive unit with a total of 84 patients who were taken using a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method. The instrument used is the Indonesian version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) questionnaire and has received permission from the original owners Ellison and Paloutzian by paying for the copyright. The results showed that the level of religious well-being (RWB) and existential (EWB) was in the high category with 86.9% and 71.4% respectively. There were no respondents who had a low level of religious or existential spiritual well-being. Health service providers are expected to be able to assess the spiritual well-being of ACS patients so that spiritual problems can be detected and efforts to treat them as early as possible.

Measuring Spiritual Well-being using a numerical rating scale: Additional evidence of the validity of the Well-being Numerical Rating Scales (WB-NRSs).

The Well-being Numerical Rating Scales (WB-NRSs) can be used to assess rapidly and accurately different types of well-being. However, the spiritual well-being scale showed slightly weaker psychometric properties. This study aimed to further investigate its suitability in measuring spiritual well-being. Participants (N = 270, age: M = 32.98; SD = 15.64; 67% females) were administered a questionnaire including spiritual well-being, gratitude, compassionate love, and personality traits measures. A network analysis (based on correlations) was used to display graphically the pattern of relationships among the measured constructs (i.e. the nomological net). Results provided evidence that the scale measures spiritual well-being as defined in the literature, that is, a component distinct from faith and compassionate love, but connected to meaning in life, quality of relationships, personality traits, and gratitude. These findings confirm the WB-NRSs is a psychometrically sound and easy-to-use tool with clear benefits for both research and clinical assessment.

Spirituality as predictors of career adaptability among Chinese youths: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT This research examined the relationship between spiritual well-being and the career adaptability of Chinese youths in Hong Kong. Cross-sectional data collected from one university consisted of 461 students (204 males, 257 females; ages 19–23). The participants were asked to complete the Spiritual well-being questionnaire (SWBQ) to evaluate the status of their spiritual wellbeing (including the personal and communal, environmental, and transcendental domains) and Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS) to assess their career adaptability in the areas of concern, control, curiosity, and confidence. The study found that the personal and communal domains of spiritual well-being were positively associated with career adaptability in all domains. Hierarchical Regression analysis also showed that personal and communal domains of spiritual well-being explained 38.5%, 39.6%, 11.2% and 48.7% of the variance in Chinese youth’s concern, control, curiosity and confidence of career adaptability respectively. The personal and communal domain were the strongest predictor of career adaptability.

Validation of functional assessment of chronic illness therapy - spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp-12) in Serbian oncology patients

Validation of functional assessment of chronic illness therapy - spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp-12) in Serbian oncology patients

Path Analysis of the Relationship between Religious Coping, Spiritual Well-being, and Family Resilience in Dealing with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Abstract Introduction: Family resilience is strongly influenced by religious coping and spiritual/religious well-being (RW). In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, this study intends to investigate the relationship between religious coping, spiritual well-being, and family resilience. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (n = 242) was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 in Indonesia. The Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale-Chinese version, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Family Resilience Assessment Scale were used for data collection. Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) software (version 3.2.7) was used to analyze the data. Results: Most respondents aged range from 46 to 55 years-old (30.9%). Also, most of them were having senior high school educational level (47.7%), earn &lt;3 million rupiah (90.5%), and jobless (66.7%). Family resilience to COVID-19 has been influenced by the relationship between RW and existential well-being (EW) (81.2%) (β =0.901, t = 24,836, P = 0.001). Religious Non-coping (RNC)- Religious well-being(RW) is 0.124, which indicating that RNC affecting RW by 12.4%, and it also impacting on family resilience to COVID-19 (β = −0.310, t = 3.275, P = 0.001, f 2 = 0.085; minor). Conclusion: Religious coping, RW, and EW are all important factors influencing family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has ended. However, with the dynamic development of world health, an outbreak may occur in the future, so the findings of this research will be helpful in providing a warning about spiritual factors that significantly influence family resilience.

Development and Validity and Reliability of an Instrument to Assess Patient's Spiritual Well-Being.

Spiritual care is not limited to palliative care or end-of-life care. The spiritual well-being of patients also needs to be taken into account in the multidisciplinary healthcare system of whole person care. For medical institutions providing spiritual care, it is necessary to develop a tool for clinical spiritual care providers to assess patient's spiritual well-being of. The purpose of this study was to construct a questionnaire that would allow spiritual care providers or pastors to assess the spiritual well-being of patients. The study combined qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research used in-depth interviews or focus groups with patients and family members to obtain textual data. The text was analyzed by Colaizzi analysis. The researchers constructed the Patient's Spiritual Well-Being Scale (PtSpWBS) from the themes obtained through qualitative analysis. Through the participation of 661 patients, quantitative research was conducted to analyze the reliability, validity and component analysis of the PtSpWBS. Through qualitative research, it was found the spiritual needs of patients had two domains, namely spiritual awareness and spiritual dynamics. Based on this result, a 15-question PtSpWBS was designed. Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability of the PtSpWBS, and the internal consistency was calculated with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.899. The Bartlett's Test of Sphericity of the PtSpWBS reached a significant difference (p<0.0001), and the KMO value of sampling appropriateness was 0.900. The three components were spiritual health, religion connection, and spiritual awareness. A PtSpWBS score ≦ 41 indicated the patient had poor spiritual well-being. The study constructed the PtSpWBS for clinical spiritual care providers to evaluate spiritual well-being of patients; this questionnaire has good reliability and validity. The PtSpWBS can be truly used by departments that specialize in providing spiritual care in medical institutions to conduct spiritual well-being assessment.

STUDI KORELASIONAL SPIRITUALITAS DAN BURNOUT SYNDROME PERAWAT RUANG INTENSIF SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has put extraordinary pressure on medical personnel, especially nurses who work in critical wards. They are faced with high health-related risks as well as constant psychological stress. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the level of spirituality of nurses and the level of burnout syndrome they experience during the pandemic. This research was conducted using a survey method and data collection through questionnaires (SWBS (Spiritual Well Being Scale) and MBI-HSS (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey)) which were given to 55 nurses who work in critical rooms selected using total sampling techniques. Research data was analyzed using Chi-square with Fisher's Exact Test. The research results showed that almost all nurses had a high level of spirituality (85.5%) and the majority of nurses did not experience burnout syndrome (60.0%). The calculated statistical value obtained a sig (2-tiled) value of 0.007 (p&lt;0.05) meaning that there is a significant relationship between the level of spirituality of nurses and the level of burnout syndrome they experience. Nurses with higher levels of spirituality tend to experience lower levels of burnout. This indicates that aspects of spirituality, such as strong beliefs and regular spiritual practices, act as protective factors in reducing the risk of burnout syndrome. Apart from that, it is also important to include a holistic approach that pays attention to spiritual aspects in care and support for nurses during pandemics and other critical situations.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 FEAR, DEPRESSION, AND SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Spiritual values and spirituality are crucial in preventing mental issues such as depression and solitude in student life. In this descriptive research, we aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 fear, depression and spiritual well-being in university students. It was a statistically significant difference between the department in which the students are educated and the total levels of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (p&lt;0.05). As students' fear of COVID-19 increased, their psychological well-being scores decreased. Moreover, a statistically significant, moderate and negative relationship was observed between the COVID-19 fear scale and spiritual well-being levels (r=-0.495; p&lt;0.001). It was determined that the 2nd-year students of the First and Emergency Aid Program who attended their clinical practice had higher depression levels and lower spiritual well-being levels compared to other departments. It may be recommended that university students participate in appropriate psychosocial programs aimed at depression and factors that negatively affect their mental health and that these factors be taken into account in school curricula.

EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING AND SURGICAL FEAR IN LIVER TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between spiritual well-being and surgical fear in liver transplant candidates. This study is a cross-sectional study conducted with 124 liver transplant candidate patients admitted to a university liver transplant center. Personal Information Form, Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and Surgical Fear Scale (SFS) were used to collect data. It was determined that the patients’ spiritual well-being was 24,59 ± 9,20 and their surgical fear was 40,11 ± 10,94. In the study, it was determined that there was a statistically negative correlation between the patients’ spiritual well-being and surgical fear (r=-0.248, p˂0.05). This study proved that liver transplant candidates with high levels of spiritual well-being have lower levels of surgical fear. For this reason, awareness of spiritual well-being should be developed in healthcare professionals and it is recommended that they provide healthcare services that provide moral and social support to patients.

The Effect of Spiritual Well-Being on Self-care Agency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Patients in Turkey: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience.

The aim of the present study was to determine the mediator role of psychological resilience in examining the effect of spiritual well-being on self-care agency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Patients (COPD). The present cross-sectional and correlational study has a descriptive design, and it was conducted with 200 COPD patients admitted to the chest diseases outpatient clinic of a university hospital. "Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT Sp-12)," "Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)" and "Self-Care Agency Scale (SCAS)" were used in the study for collecting the research data. STROBE recommendations were followed while reporting this study. FACIT Sp-12 total score average, the BRS total average score and the ASAS total average score of the patients were found to be 29.88 ± 1.44, 21.47 ± 66.31, and 84.81 ± 14.69, respectively. In addition, it was determined that both spiritual well-being (β = 0.170) and psychological resilience (β = 0.777) positively affected self-care agency. SCAS mediates the effect of FACIT-Sp-12 on self-care agency and strengthens the positive effect of FACIT-Sp-12 on self-care agency (β = 0.843). It was seen that the predictive effect of these two variables in explaining self-care power was 60%. Spiritual well-being and self-care agency of the COPD patients were found to be moderate, and the psychological resilience was found to be high. In addition, spiritual well-being was found to affect self-care agency directly and the mediating role of psychological resilience indirectly.

Childhood Maltreatment and Spiritual Well-Being: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Emotion Regulation as Mediators in Turkish Sample.

Spiritual well-being is a phenomenon that enhances the quality of life and acts as a protective factor against stress and negative emotions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether childhood psychological maltreatment is related to spiritual well-being and whether intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation serially mediate this relationship. The study sample comprised 330 participants aged between 18 and 55 years from 46 out of the 81 cities in Türkiye. The study participants completed the Psychological Maltreatment Questionnaire, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Emotion Regulation Scale, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale, a scale derived from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being that measures spiritual well-being by using the conceptualization of meaning and peace. The data obtained were analyzed using a two-step structural equation modeling approach, which indicated that childhood psychological maltreatment has an association with spiritual well-being, and this relationship is mediated by both intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation. The findings are discussed in the context of the literature on spiritual well-being.

Investigating the predictive role of spiritual health, social support, and quality of life in self-care behaviors among heart failure patients.

Self-care behaviors, which have a vital role in the management of heart failure disease, are influenced by several factors that are of paramount importance. This study aimed to determine the predictive role of spiritual health, social support, and quality of life in self-care behaviors among heart failure patients. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from July to September 2021 on 203 patients with heart failure. Samples were selected by convenience sampling method from six centers in Ahvaz city. Data were collected using a clinical-demographic information questionnaire, the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale (EHFScBs), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Paloutzian and Ellison's Spiritual Well-being Scale. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 16 using descriptive and analytical statistical methods including Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression analysis, independent t-test, and analysis of variance. The mean and standard deviation of the age of the female and male participants were 63.54 ± 14.03 and 62.34 ± 13.79, respectively. The majority of the participants (54.2%) were female, had primary education (23.2%), and were married (82.8%). Statistically significant relationships were observed between perceived social support and self-care (r = -0.22, P < 0.01), between spiritual health and self-care (r = -0.39, P < 0.01), and between the quality of life and self-care (r = 0.62, P < 0.01). However, no such relationship was found between demographic characteristics and self-care. Considering the predictive role of spiritual health, social support, and quality of life in self-care behaviors, it is necessary for planners to pay special attention to these factors when designing educational-supportive programs for these patients.