Technological Spheres Research Articles

Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture with Special Reference to Agriculture Information Research

The study of intelligent machines that can perform like human beings is emphasised in the field of computer application known as artificial intelligence (AI).Artificial intelligence research is extremely specialised and technical. The role of Artificial Intelligence is inevitable in all the spheres of Business and technology and it would have a greater impact in the field of Education in the days to come. The Authors throws a light on the significance and impact of Artificial intelligence on Agriculture Information research. Artificial intelligence is now being used extensively in the agricultural industry. The Agriculture sector faces various threats and challenges and to mention a few, Information on pest control techniques , Yield Maximization, inappropriate Soil treatment , Pest control system , Disease control information, Information on farm technology and innovation etc,. In this paper, applications of AI in the agricultural sector are reviewed, with an emphasis on agriculture information.

About some Legally Significant Features of Cloud Computing Technologies

The article examines the main legal approaches to determining the legal essence of cloud computing technologies, analyzes their stable features and advantages, and accumulates risks and threats of application. It is noted that in the Russian Federation, legal support for the sphere of cloud computing technologies is insufficient, including the absence of a definitive apparatus, the relevance of the adoption of a special law on information security, sections of which should be devoted, inter alia, to the legal foundations of cybersecurity when using cloud computing technologies, laying the foundation for an integrated approach to legal security management, has not been removed between different participants of the digital environment. Therefore, the study of the legal nature and features of cloud computing technologies with the allocation of specific characteristics, as well as the identification of threats and risks in the process of using cloud computing technologies seems to be a promising direction for the further development of the mechanism of legal regulation of the digital technology sphere.

IDENTIFICATION AND FORECASTING MODELS OF COUNTRIES DIGITALIZATION STATUS IN WORLD SPACE

The article is devoted to development issues of identification and forecasting models of countries digitalization status in world space. The problems and prospects of countries digitization are becoming relevant at the current stage of the technological sphere development of mankind was proved. Digitization is becoming the most important factor in the economic growth of any country and is generally a modern trend in its development. Untimely elimination of digitalization problems can cause negative consequences in the scale of the entire country's economy. Therefore, the prospects of the digital development of countries and the corresponding models of identification and forecasting of their digitalization status require special research. It will reveal the factors of digital growth. In addition, the work shows that the justification based on the system approach and assessment of the sustainable digital development of countries using modern methods of system analysis and multidimensional analysis Data Science, as one of the most effective in performing mathematical modeling of the researched processes status, has not received sufficient development in scientific works and needs further development. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to improve the complex of mathematical models for estimation and analyzing countries digitalization status in world, which, unlike others, will be built on the basis of intellectual analysis methods of multidimensional objects. Based on the set purpose, the distribution of the world countries by clusters on the basis of spatial and dynamic data sampling is carried out and analyzed in the article. Using the methods of multidimensional analysis and Data Science, the positioning of Ukraine in relation to the countries of the world was found. It has been established that Ukraine belongs to the countries with an average status of digitization and at the same time below average rates of socio-economic development. In order to predict the status of countries digitization, experiments were conducted on the construction of various types of classification tree models and the best model was obtained. A detailed analysis of the links between the set of digitalization and countries socio-economic development indices allowed us to come to a conclusion about the high level of their mutual influence and the importance of forming a system of measures in these directions to ensure the proper level of country digital development. Keywords: model, classification trees, forecasting, digitalization, indicators of digitalization, telecommunication development.

Future Directions in Architectural Practice

The period since the middle of the second decade of the 21st century has seen dramatic changes in the global scientific and socio-economic environment: while the COVID-19 pandemic might have had the biggest impact on what our futures might look like, there are other changes such as the war in Ukraine, rapid developments taking place in the spheres of communication and information technology with the onset of the so-called ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ which will have an impact on how architects practise their profession. In addition, globalisation and new liberalism have suffered some form of (temporary?) setback and we see large-scale human migration towards wealthy countries – Western Europe in particular. At the same time the balance of economic power is shifting. And then there is the threat of global warming and the urgent need to change the way we live and do things. The future direction of architectural practice has been a topic in the professional conversation for some time, with architectural professional bodies such as the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) commissioning a study on the future of the profession, focusing on the questions: “Who will design our built environment in 2025; what roles might those trained in architecture have then and how might architectural practice have changed as a result?” Much has changed since then and the 2025 concerns suggested by the RIBA’s study are looming on the horizon. Hence, this study aimed to identify some of the possible directions into which the practice of architects could possibly develop in the next five to ten years and the opportunities that may well arise from the previously mentioned developments. Practitioners might thus be enabled to prepare themselves for possible future opportunities while educators develop and adapt education programmes in order to ensure that their graduates are empowered to flourish amidst the unfolding opportunities.

R&D Performance Evaluation System as the Basis for Monitoring the Research and Technological Sphere

The article relates to the formation of an original approach to the creation of a monitoring system for the scientific and technological sphere based on expert methods and ranking. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the formation in the Russian Federation of a number of local monitoring subsystems that are difficult to connect with each other and do not provide in the aggregate the completeness of coverage of the scope of scientific research, development and technological work. The core element of this approach is the creation of a subsystem for monitoring scientific and technological results, evaluated by experts and organizations – recognized authorities in this field of science. The work of all other subsystems associated with the actors of scientific and technological activities, researchers, including experts, branches of science, regions of its placement, scientific journals, etc. is based on data samples presented in the central subsystem of positively evaluated scientific and technological results. The article also shows that such a system can provide not only the comparability of data from all subsystems of the R&D monitoring system, but also its completeness, transparency and resistance to voluntary and involuntary distortions. The proposed approach makes it possible to systematize attempts to digitalize the R&D sphere to ensure its full monitoring, as well as to increase the efficiency of each of its components.

The evolution of innovative models: innovative network in tourism

Modern information and communication technologies based on innovation arerenovating, complicating, and their area of use is extending every year. Goals of innovationsin tourism are to develop consistently international tourism, to control the tough connectionbetween a consumer and a producer, to provide the information exchange and interconnectionamong touristic organizations. Over the last 10 years innovative process has developed slightly.Economics is moving from early atomic models to systematic approaches based on interactiveprocesses, which are strongly linked by territories. Innovative networks develop as the mostappropriate structure to reach the high effectiveness of innovation.Topicality of research questions on innovation in tourism is connected with a sharp increase ofcompetitiveness in world market in XXI century and consideration of innovation in a scientificcommunity as a main source of the competitiveness growth in tourism market. Global tourismmarket is one of the highly technological spheres of economic activities.This article describes J. Schumpeter’s and R. Roswell’s innovative models from 1950s to todayalong with analysis of Berkhout’s and Chesbrough’s fifth generation models. In addition,strategic suggestions for innovations in touristic organizations directed to the competitivenessimprovement have been proposed.

Considering IT Trends for Modelling Investments in Supply Chains by Prioritising Digital Twins

Supply chain disruptions and challenges have and will always exist, but preparing in advance and improving resilience for the upcoming consequences should be the utmost important goal. This paper explores trends that affect innovation in the technological sphere of supply chain systems. More precisely, the research is focused on Digital Twin technology applicability through other logistics IT trends and aims to research the pressing issue of ensuring the visibility and resilience of future supply chain systems. The paper’s objective is to produce a conceptual model enabling the investment assessment of the necessary IT resources. Initially, a theoretical confirmation of logistics IT trends’ relevance to supply chain systems was established. After, propositions of Digital Twin technology applications to other logistics IT trends were made, which were divided into corresponding constant multitudes of supply chain systems. Lastly, the conceptual model for the investment assessment of the necessary IT resources was derived in the form of a matrix. It considers 16 parameters for investment assessment and applicability to all companies, regardless of their specifics. It also supports the notion of digital IT competencies’ fundamental importance to the continuous operation of supply chain systems.

Organizational and Legal Mechanisms for Integrating a «One-Time» Type of Dissertation Council into the State System of Scientific Certification in the context of Implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of Russia

The paper analyzes the experience of organizations that have the right to independently award academic degrees as to the issues of regulating the types of dissertation councils. The author provides examples of organizations that regulate the functioning of councils for the defense of individual dissertations for scientific degrees. The characteristic features of «one-time» dissertation councils are highlighted. The positive and negative aspects of the introduction of a «one-time» type of dissertation council into the state system of scientific certification are considered. The author proposes possible options for the normative fixing of individual mechanisms as to the functioning of the «one-time» type of dissertation council, as well as measures of responsibility for conducting an unfair dissertation defense. It is concluded that the integration of this type of dissertation council into the system of scientific certification will contribute to the achievement of the goal of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. This will also make it possible to solve a number of tasks facing the state amid great challenges, such as ensuring the formation of Russia’s leadership in scientific and technological sphere and overcoming the concentration of research potential in certain regions of the country.

Management of the development of critical technologies and their significance in the defence capacity of Ukraine

Introduction. Today, the scientific and technological sphere has become the main one for Ukraine in the fight against the aggressor - the Russian Federation, and mastering the so-called "critical technologies" (СT) is used to expand the capabilities of the defence capabilities and offensive operations of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and in the post-war period to achieve the goals of national security ones, primarily military, military-economic and scientific-technological security. The goal of the article. The goal of the article is to generalize the world experience in the development of critical technologies (CT), analyze the state of this sphere in Ukraine, and develop proposals for overcoming problems on the way to the development of the scientific and technological sphere of the state. Methods (methodology). In the research the general scientific methods are applied, in particular theoretical generalization - to generalize the features and main directions of the implementation of innovative technologies in the section of the main functional areas of the military-industrial complex; system economic analysis - to assess the state and development of critical technologies to create the latest types of weapons, military equipment and the safety of functioning of the infrastructure. The results. The world experience of introducing critical technologies is considered. The state of development of critical technologies is analyzed as a national priority to ensure Ukraine's defence capability. The proposals for expanding and overcoming problems on the way to the development of the scientific and technological sphere to create weapons and military equipment have been developed. The steps for establishing an effective interaction of science, education and the industrial sector to develop innovative activities in the field of armaments and military equipment have been determined. Provision of quick and effective implementation of critical technologies in the military-industrial production with maximum effect and key tasks of the executive authority are proposed.

Problems and prospects of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China

The article considers current problems and prospects of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China. An important role in the progressive development of the whole complex of relations between the countries is played by trade and economic relations, which in recent years have shown significant progress due to the complementary dynamic development of the economies, geographical proximity, and the implementation of large-scale reforms of both countries in response to the political and economic problems occurring in the world. In this regard, the authors carried out research work on the topic of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China. In the course of the study, there were identified key problems of bilateral interaction, and ways of developing contacts between the two countries in the areas of trade, industry, infrastructure, market expansion, and regional cooperation. The analysis shows that the current dynamics of development of trade and economics, investment, energy, transport, and other spheres make it possible to optimistically build further cooperation between the countries. That is why the solution to the problematic issues will make it possible to plan the development of mutually beneficial cooperation in such perspective directions as hydrogen energy, cross-border trade, electronic commerce, tourism, science and technology sphere, and others meeting the requirements of national interests of the two neighboring and friendly states.

ОЦЕНКА ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ СРЕДЫ В РЕГИОНЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН)

The regional business environment is a stable factor in the development of the country’s economy. In the Republic of Tatarstan, entrepreneurial activity has a favorable economic, political, and social aspect for development. The economic course chosen by the government of the region is aimed at creating conditions and opportunities for citizens and entrepreneurs that contribute to the sustainable development of their well-being and the country as a whole. The article evaluates the business environment in the republic with the help of officially published information. The analysis showed that the management system and the scientific and technological sphere need new approaches. Because the existing difficulties hinder the development of the region.

ИНДИЯ — ИЗРАИЛЬ: ОТ ДИАЛОГА К СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВУ И ПАРТНЕРСТВУ

The character, peculiarities and stages of India-Israel dialogue from the recognition of the Jewish state by India and the exchange of ambassadors to the forming of the strategic partnership are analyzed in the following article. Military and technological cooperation between India and Israel, its aims and prospects are the center of the author’s attention. Currently, Israel is the third partner in Indian military import, following Russia and the USA, and the country is implementing more than 30 programs in the supply of arms and military equipment. Besides the military and technological spheres, India and Israel successfully cooperate in agriculture, biotechnologies, space exploration, atomic energy, environmental protection, science, education, medicine, tourism. In 2023, the volume of bilateral trade has amounted to 10 billion dollars, and defense trade is not included in it. India is the second trading partner of Israel in Asia, following China, and Israel is the seventh Indian trading partner in Asia. Besides the bilateral dialogue, India and Israel interact with the USA and the OAE within the I2U2 alliance. The forming geopolitical alliance is able to become the power unit, which the USA seek to impose the anti-Chinese and the anti-Russian character.

ЦИРКУЛЯРНА ЕКОНОМІКА: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ, ПЕРЕШКОДИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

The article discusses the factors hindering the development of the circular economy were identified, the systematization of which allowed the author to identify five main groups of such obstacles: sociocultural, legislative, informational, technological and economic. The mentioned obstacles are considered from the point of view of the influence they have on various subjects of such a process: the public sector, the private sector, and society. The expediency of dividing the entire diversity of such factors, within the framework of three different subjects, into three main spheres of manifestation: financial and economic, institutional, and technological spheres is noted. It was concluded that the analysis of such obstacles is important for the development of the circular economy in our country. The transition to a closed-loop economy creates opportunities not only for reformatting the entire logic of value creation, with the motivation of reducing pressure on ecosystems, but a comprehensive shift in favor of longterm sustainability in order to ensure economic, environmental and social benefits. This approach requires the application of progressive innovative solutions at all stages of the product life cycle. The main goal of circular business models is to preserve resources in circulation (cycle) as long as possible, as well as to replace resources that are completely renewable, recycled or biodegradable. Circular business models involve companies in increasing the efficiency of product use and disposal to create new opportunities for resource reuse, product sharing, and optimization of the entire value chain. It has been established that, from the point of view of public administration bodies, the assessment of the significance of such obstacles is necessary both for the formation of resource-efficient state policy and for the identification of levers for increasing interest in the use of secondary resources. For companies that concentrate or process waste, such an assessment will be useful when considering the issue of implementing circular technological cycles. For enterprises that use secondary raw materials and waste in their activities, overcoming barriers is very important for their further development. For consumers who use products from secondary raw materials, this is also very important, because the formation of consumer demand for ecological goods contributes to the formation of an economy that cares for nature, and the everyday choices of millions of consumers significantly affect the environment.

ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЯК ФАКТОРУ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ

The article discusses the factors hindering the development of the circular economy were identified, the systematization of which allowed the author to identify five main groups of such obstacles: socio-cultural, legislative, informational, technological and economic. The mentioned obstacles are considered from the point of view of the influence they have on various subjects of such a process: the public sector, the private sector, and society. The expediency of dividing the entire diversity of such factors, within the framework of three different subjects, into three main spheres of manifestation: financial and economic, institutional, and technological spheres is noted. It was concluded that the analysis of such obstacles is important for the development of the circular economy in our country. The transition to a closed-loop economy creates opportunities not only for reformatting the entire logic of value creation, with the motivation of reducing pressure on ecosystems, but a comprehensive shift in favor of long-term sustainability in order to ensure economic, environmental and social benefits. This approach requires the application of progressive innovative solutions at all stages of the product life cycle. The main goal of circular business models is to preserve resources in circulation (cycle) as long as possible, as well as to replace resources that are completely renewable, recycled or biodegradable. Circular business models involve companies in increasing the efficiency of product use and disposal to create new opportunities for resource reuse, product sharing, and optimization of the entire value chain. It has been established that, from the point of view of public administration bodies, the assessment of the significance of such obstacles is necessary both for the formation of resource-efficient state policy and for the identification of levers for increasing interest in the use of secondary resources. For companies that concentrate or process waste, such an assessment will be useful when considering the issue of implementing circular technological cycles. For enterprises that use secondary raw materials and waste in their activities, overcoming barriers is very important for their further development. For consumers who use products from secondary raw materials, this is also very important, because the formation of consumer demand for ecological goods contributes to the formation of an economy that cares for nature, and the everyday choices of millions of consumers significantly affect the environment.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ РЫНКА УСЛУГ СФЕРЫ ДИЗАЙНА: РЕГИОНАЛЬНО-ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ АСПЕКТ

The development of the service sector in the segment of small and medium-sized businesses plays an important role in modern conditions of economic development. At the same time, among the services, the most innovative and developing type of them is design, the significance and versatility of which is undeniable. Design is inextricably linked with a number of industry varieties, primarily with the so-called “creative industries” and develops in parallel with the spheres of architecture, construction, information technology and telecommunications systems. Within the framework of the study, attention is paid to the innovative field of industrial design abroad, its priority areas are determined. The capacity of the design services market in Russia, the factors of its prospective development against the background of overcoming sanctions threats are determined. Statistical data on the development of sub-sectors of this sphere in the Kirov region are presented.

Food companies' innovations in creating sustainable product packaging on the Polish market

The emergence of the problem of creating and implementing sustainable food packaging is forcing companies to implement innovations in this area. Changes in the approach to the production of sustainable packaging should take into account environmental, social and financial aspects. The introduction of modern technologies is becoming a natural part of companies' production processes. Awareness of ongoing changes in the spheres of production innovation, technology, IT and communication can contribute to the creation and implementation of sustainable food packaging. The aim of this article is to identify and define innovative activities of food companies in the creation and implementation of sustainable product packaging. The objective included refers to one of the United Nations' objectives - Goal 9: 9.B - Support technological development, research and innovation in developing countries through enabling policies. In addition to the objective, a research hypothesis was included and a research problem was defined. The research used the CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) interview method, and the CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) method. The research tool used was a survey questionnaire. The research addressed, among other issues, the use of raw materials and materials used in the production of packaging, the impact of packaging on transport costs, packaging recycling activities and ways of placing information on packaging. The final section of the article discusses the results of the research and identifies recommendations for future research directions.

АНАЛИЗ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В СФЕРЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

In the context of the outflow of foreign IT organizations and IT specialists, the need for import substitution, as well as the semiconductor crisis, the development of the information technology sector to ensure the breakthrough growth of the Russian Federation is becoming the most important state task, the solution of which can be provided by the mechanism of public-private partnerships (hereinafter – PPP). Among the advantages of this mechanism are the pooling of business and government resources, attracting private investment, risk sharing, improving the efficiency of budget spending, using the unique accumulated experience and specialized competencies of the private sector. The areas of application of PPP are very diverse, but, unfortunately, in Russia this model has not found such extensive use in the field of information technology, which indicates that this tool is not used effectively enough. In the presented article, the actual problem of the development of the sphere of information technology with the help of the PPP mechanism is considered. The challenges of the domestic information technology market have been studied, the prerequisites for the development of PPP in this area have been identified, the legislation has been analyzed, a scheme for an IT project based on the PPP model has been proposed, a chronological review of PPP projects in the IT field has been given, and the main conclusions about the need for development and proposals for improvement have been made. PPP in the field of information technology.

Borrowngs as Elements of Intercultural Communication in the Official Business Style of the Chechen Language

This study is dedicated to the peculiarities of the functioning and adaptation of borrowings from foreign languages as a result of interaction with the Chechen language in the processes of globalization. The authors noted the importance of this problem in connection with the growing importance of the Chechen language in society, which, in turn, promotes the activation of its use as one of the state languages of the Republic in all organizations and institutions. It is noted that at the nowadays Anglicisms from the sphere of finance, law and information technology are the most popular among borrowings in the Chechen language, since these groups of terminological systems were most often used in the spheres of public administration, economics of administrative activity – that is, in the spheres of functioning of the official business style. The official business style, like other functional styles of the modern Chechen language, reflects socio-political changes in society that causes dynamic processes in the vocabulary of the Chechen language.

Численный метод решения задачи Коши для одного дифференциального уравнения с дробной производной Капуто

The Cauchy problem for differential equations with fractional derivatives is used in many spheres of science and technology. It was the reason for the development of various methods for its solution, both analytic and approximate ones. The search of an exact solution of differential equations with fractional derivatives by analytic methods is a complex and ineffective task; for this reason, an attempt to solve the considered problem approximately is undertaken in this paper. gated on the segment [0, T]. The method of finite differences which is relatively primary to implement is used for the numerical solution. A difference scheme approximating the Cauchy problem with the first order is constructed on a uniform grid. The difference problem is studied for stability and convergence with a fixed value of the function α(t). It is shown that the numerical solution of the problem converges to the exact solution in the first order. Explicit recurrent formulas for the numerical solution are obtained. A computational experiment upon analysis of the numerical solution of the Cauchy problem is carried out. It is shown on the basis of the computational experiment that if we take the average value for α(t), the first order exactness takes place.

Әлеуметтік медиадизайны және жаңа коммуникациялық сұраныстар

The article defines the level of use of digital technologies in Kazakhstan, pays attention to the ways of design of social networks, and draws conclusions on their ultimate goals. The influence of social network design on society as a whole and design elements that should be taken into account when creating them are studied. Information about the design of digital technologies in Kazakhstan is presented, their tools and applications are studied, ways of developing the design of social networks are considered. Currently, due to the increased interest in the design of social networks, design research in this area is becoming increasingly widespread. The design of social networks has a direct impact on consumers and businesses, it is a modern technological sphere that contributes to the development of marketing and design