Labor Sphere Research Articles

Legal forms of ensuring personnel security in the personnel management system of public agencies

Relevance. The relevance lies in the need for a comprehensive study of the legal forms of ensuring security in the administrative and public sphere: a competence-based approach to personnel and career modeling, ethics of official behavior, reasonable state and public control over certain types of permitted activities of Russian officials, support for the social status of an employee.Purpose. The purpose is a legal analysis of existing areas of personnel policy to prevent occupational risks within the framework of security, including the identification of positive examples of the functioning of similar foreign institutions.Objective. The objectives are to summarize scientific positions on the methodology of ensuring safety in the personnel management system; consideration of legislative innovations in the regulation of the sphere of labor; identification of risks of illegal and unethical behavior of officials at various stages of professional activity, identification of legal ways to eliminate them; assessment of foreign experience in the field of personnel security.Methodology. The use of formal-dogmatic, comparative-legal and other scientific methods made it possible to identify a system of measures taken by administrative and public structures in order to overcome threats to the high-quality and objective performance of official duties by employees of public agencies.Results. The results are in the importance of transforming the personnel selection mechanism (the preliminary stage of the process of filling a public position), eliminating the shortcomings of the existing practice of competitive procedures, preventing illegal, unethical behavior of employees. Elements of novelty are present in the proposal to develop measures to regulate the initial stage of personnel work in civil institutions, which is currently limited by formal requirements for candidates and regulated by various departmental acts.Conclusion. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the procedures for the admission and distribution of personnel to public agencies in the Russian Federation, including improving a number of competitive procedures based on anonymity by analogy with foreign experience.

Transformation of the subject field of Russian sociology of labor: from a system of labor relations to the constructivist perspective

The article is devoted to the processes of transformation of the content and boundaries of the subject field of Russian sociology of labor, which occurred from the late 1980s to the present. To achieve this goal, the tasks are solved, consisting in the analysis of scientific and educational literature on the subject of labor sociology; the description of the main methodological approaches to the study of labor relations; the construction of the content of the subject field of labor sociology from the standpoint of the latest concepts of the sociology of life and the existing experience of the Samara School of Sociology of Labor. It is emphasized that in Russian literature there are at least six approaches to the consideration of the subject of sociology of labor, which are mainly based on the systemic approach that prevailed back in Soviet times. In terms of content, one or another aspect of social interaction in the field of work is most often declared the subject of labor sociology: 1) the attitude of society to work (work as a social phenomenon), 2) relations between participants in the labor process (labor relations), 3) the attitude of participants in the labor process to their work. The methodical and methodological difficulties of analyzing labor relations are associated with the existence of many overlapping and contradictory approaches within the directions of sociological realism, nominalism and constructivism, which interpret both their content and the factors influencing them in different ways. The most promising direction of modern analysis of labor relations is the application of the constructivist concept of the sociology of life, in which labor relations can be considered as a synthesizing (unifying) concept in relation to the key components of the employee's life world (labor consciousness, labor behavior and the work environment), which in turn consist of a number of elementary concepts (labor motivation, social well-being, social tension, involvement in labor activity) in the space of the social and labor sphere of society (a structure-forming concept). Based on the experience of empirical research accumulated during the post-Soviet period and using new theoretical foundations, the main directions of modern research in the subject field of Russian sociology of labor are: 1) study of the behavior and life world of subjects of labor relations in conditions of precarious employment, 2) analysis of the content and composition of participants (subjects) of labor relations, 3) problems of inequality and social justice in conditions of everyday labor interactions.

РЫНОК ТРУДА В ФАЗЕ СТАРЕНИЯ РАБОТНИКОВ: АНАЛИЗ ТЕОРИЙ, КОНЦЕПЦИЙ И МОДЕЛЕЙ АКТИВНОГО ДОЛГОЛЕТИЯ

This paper examines the relevance of the topic related to changes in the labor market caused by demographic and social factors. Changes in the demographic structure of the workforce can lead to the following transformations: First, there is a shortage of labor in various industries. The emigration of workers abroad and the shortage of incoming migrants lead to this phenomenon. In addition, the shortage of workers is influenced by low activity among young people due to changes in their values, mobility and the desire for a work-life balance. Secondly, the aging phase in the context of theories of models of successful aging is an important aspect that is being investigated within the framework of various approaches to understanding the aging process and its impact on society and the labor market. Thirdly, the predominance of older workers. The influence of the process of social aging, which leads to an increase in the number of older workers in the labor sphere, is considered. According to Rosstat, more than half of the employed in Russia are people over 40 years old. The study offers a comprehensive approach to the classification of social theories, concepts and models of active longevity for a deeper understanding of the aging phase. The practical value of labor market research in the aging phase of workers with an emphasis on the analysis of theories, concepts and models of active longevity may lie in rethinking personnel management strategies, improving employment policies and creating intergenerational interaction programs.

RESILIENCE OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM: STRATEGY AND TACTICS FOR MINIMIZING INEQUALITIES IN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY

The article is devoted to identifying the directions of state policy aimed at ensuring social sustainability and the challenges associated with the growing processes of inequality in the context of war. The authors revealed the substantive components of the concept of social sustainability, which is a systemic synergistic characteristic of adaptability, stress resistance, and flexibility of the social and labor sphere. The comparative analysis allowed to confirm the deepening of inequality processes in Ukrainian society in the context of a prolonged war and to prove that the solution to the problem of inequality lies in ensuring the social stability of the labor market, eliminating discrimination, and preventing exclusion from the labor market. The generalized threats to social sustainability allowed the authors to substantiate the institutional direction of ensuring the social sustainability of Ukrainian society, which includes the post-war renewal of the social contract based on the basic principles of social justice, cohesion, complementarity, social quality and inclusiveness.

Обґрунтування пріоритетів збереження трудоресурсного потенціалу регіонів україни в умовах війни та повоєнного відновлення

The war created extraordinary challenges and threats to the human potential of Ukraine’s regions. The most significant is the deepening of the disproportionality and imbalance of the labor market due to the loss of a significant number of qualified personnel (due to migration and mobilization) and changes in the employment structure. This was particularly acutely reflected in the structure of labor resources, particularly its gender-age and professional (educational and qualification) elements. One of the most important factors influencing this structure was foreign migration and the illegal deportation of Ukrainian citizens to the Russian Federation. Effective mechanisms and tools from the regional governing bodies are necessary to ensure compliance between all social and labor sphere links, considering the regional and qualification imbalances in the labor market. Also, to further minimize the risks of the development of the labor market in Ukraine and to preserve the labor resource potential, it is advisable to determine the main socio-economic levers and drivers of regional policy, which will contribute to reducing regional and qualification imbalances, increasing marginal labor productivity and, as a result, increasing the productive capacity of regions. The article evaluates the tools that influence the productive capacity of the economy of the regions of Ukraine in the context of preserving their labor resource potential in the conditions of war and post-war recovery. The main challenges and threats to the human potential of the regions of Ukraine in the conditions of the war and subsequent post-war reconstruction are identified, the most significant of which is the deepening of disproportionality and imbalance of the labor market due to the loss of a significant part of qualified personnel (due to migration and mobilization), as well as changes in the employment structure. Based on the threat analysis, the factors currently fundamental for ensuring the functioning of regional labor markets in Ukraine have been determined. The instruments that influence the economy’s productive capacity were studied with the help of a survey of state authorities in the regions. Based on the research, the main socio-economic levers and drivers of increasing the regional economy’s productive capacity in preserving Ukraine’s labor potential in the conditions of the war and post-war recovery are substantiated. Keywords: labor resource potential, productive capacity, labor market, region, structural disparities, human potential, employment, war, post-war economic recovery.

ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВОВЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ ГЕНДЕРНОГО ЗАМІЩЕННЯ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ

Modern society erases traditional gender boundaries in the professional activities of employees of different levels, statuses, and fields of employment. Professions that were previously considered purely male are now effectively performed by women. This testifies not only to their high qualification and professionalism, but also to the ability to reincarnate for their own benefit and social necessity. In the conditions of Russia’s war against Ukraine, the demand for so-called «male» professions among women has increased significantly. This is due to the need to fill the workforce in strategically important sectors – in defense, industry, transport, construction, etc. The relevance of the study lies in the analysis of the socio-economic consequences of this process and its impact on the gender replacement of labor resources. It is important to assess how the involvement of women in traditionally male professions affects labor productivity, the level of employment and social integration of women in today’s conditions. The study will also contribute to the development of recommendations to support gender equality in the labor market in times of crisis. In general, the study of this topic is a necessary factor influencing the formation of an effective economic and legal policy in Ukraine. The increasing number of cases of women taking up «male» professions has both positive and negative factors. The positives include expanding economic opportunities for women, reducing gender stereotypes, and increasing labor efficiency due to the diversity of the free labor sphere. Negative factors include potential discrimination, physical exertion that is difficult for some women, and social conflicts due to the violation of traditional gender roles. The study of these factors is important for the development of policies aimed at promoting equality in the labor market and ensuring the harmonious coexistence of all workers. This will help create an effective work environment that maximizes the labor resources of all employees, regardless of gender. Key words: profession, gender substitution, labor resources, labor potential, social integration, «male» professions.

The antidemocratic tendencies in the article «Labour Relations» of the draft Law of Ukraine «On Labour» under martial law

Nowadays Ukraine is experiencing an extremely difficult wartime in the strengthening democratic European values of social life. With the help of the critical analysis method the historical and legal evaluation of objective norms in labor sphere which are discriminatory was done. The comparative-legal method has helped to study the draft’s norms on conformity of their current legislation of Ukraine on labor. In the context of the armed struggle for Democracy, part of which is recognition of human rights and strengthening the Rule of Law, legislative initiative to reform the legal regulation of social relations, the object of which is the labor and employment, has signs of an anti-democratic state-political regime. The most dangerous tendency of the Draft is that its content prioritizes the economic system over the individual, which contradicts Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine and may lead to severe consequences, examples of which in the history of the state and law include genocides against nations. The Labor Code of Ukraine, dated December 10, 1971, No. 322-VIII is today the only normative legal act that is really able to protect human rights in Ukraine, in particular, the employee, along with the Constitution of Ukraine. At the same time, certain institutions and sub-institutions of labor law need to be developed as a result of the dynamics of social relations related to labor. Instead, the Draft Law of Ukraine «On Labor» on the legislative initiative of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine represented by D. Shmygal does not represent any development of the already established foundations and principles of legal regulation of labor relations, but on the contrary, proposes to cancel them all, which has the characteristics of an anti-democratic state-political regime and discrimination of a person on the basis of work. The current Labor Code of Ukraine certainly needs to be improved, but any reforms of legal regulation cannot cancel the already developed legal institutions on the basis of the principle of the rule of law. Unfortunately, the Project is not of an evolutionary nature of the institutions of the right to work, it simply escapes them, which contradicts the existing regulatory framework of Ukraine, and can lead to an irreparable social situation, examples of which have repeatedly occurred in the historical and legal development of the nations of the world. The methods of our doctrinal research are the method of critical analysis and description, the comparative legal method, etc.

Remote employment in the era of modern changes: current legal analysis

The article explores the urgent aspects of remote employment as one of the forms of non-standard employment in contemporary conditions. At first glance, this type of employment offers more flexibility and independence, but in reality, it is associated with numerous challenges and issues. One of the most important aspects is the need for more detailed regulation and governance of remote employment. Adherence to universally recognized labor rights is essential, as the lack of physical contact can lead to various violations in the labor sphere. The current state of legislation has been analyzed and key aspects of problems that need to be resolved to ensure an adequate level of legal protection for employees have been identified. The article particularly expresses the opinion that the existing regulatory legal acts governing the order of remote employment are outdated. Current statistical data and sociological research emphasizing the importance of developing the legislative framework in this area are taken into account. This indicates the necessity for updating these regulations in line with modern realities and challenges posed by contemporary labor relations. Attention is drawn to the rapid development of the digital economy, which underscores the importance of developing relevant legislation. This will not only ensure the dynamic development of labor relations but also contribute to the preservation of employees’ health and safety. Clear regulation of these issues will improve the quality of life for workers and address challenges associated with remote employment. The active participation of Ukrainian companies that implement advanced management practices and experiment with remote employment as one of the alternative forms of employment was also noted. Additionally, the article examines the advantages and disadvantages of remote employment for both employees and employers, considering their views and interests. In general, the article aims to emphasize the importance of legal regulation of remote employment and its impact on the development of modern labor relations. The authors highlight the need to improve legislation in light of current trends and challenges, which will contribute to the stability and development of the labor market amid ongoing technological transformations.

Wages in 2024: dynamics, results and the need to develop a fairer wage model

In 2024, Russia saw a noticeable increase in wages in all sectors of the Russian economy, monetary allowances for military personnel and military pensioners, as well as state and municipal employees and other categories of working citizens. The Russian statistical agency already provides an opportunity to analyze the situation with the average monthly nominal accrued wages of employees in a full range of organizations for the first 7 months of 2024. In this article, we set the goal of analyzing the assessment of the dynamics of growth / decrease in wages by federal districts based on official statistical information, and also taking into account the current opinions of scientists and specialists in the social and labor sphere. The study was conducted on the materials of the Central Federal District. Using the statistical analysis method as the main research method, we analyzed the dynamics of the average monthly nominal accrued wages of employees in a full range of organizations by federal districts based on the results of the first half of 2024. Several conclusions have been made, according to which the dynamics of growth of the average monthly nominal accrued wages of employees in a full range of organizations in the Central Federal District in Russia (using the Central Federal District as an example) in 2024 is positive. Positive dynamics also applies to real wages in the first half of 2024. Meanwhile, the need to develop and implement a new wage system announced by the head of state, starting in 2025, which should make it more fair and consistent with the objectives of the state’s economic growth, is also noted.

S. Yu. Chucha. Ensuring and protecting social and labor rights in the context of transformation of the sphere of labor and employment. Moscow: Prospekt, 2024. – 446 pp.

The article presents a review of the fundamental monograph by S. Yu. Chucha, dedicated to the problems of ensuring and protecting social and labor rights in the context of transformation of the sphere of labor and employment in modern conditions. The reviewer characterizes all six sections of the monograph and then discusses some controversial issues. In particular, the scientific discussion concerns the historical stages of the origin of the branch of Labor (employment) Law, the expansion of the subject of Labor Law through Civil Law, some aspects related to the use of platform labor, remote labor and artificial intelligence technology.

Наемный труд в условиях экспериментальных правовых режимов

The introduction of special regulation in a number of areas under the legislation on experimental legal regimes affects the jobs available to employers who are subjects of the experimental legal regime. These employers include some Russian enterprises in the transport and healthcare sectors today, and in the future in other areas as well. The article argues how the introduction of special regulation affects the sphere of labour and why the issue at hand deserves the attention of labour law specialists.

Introduction of a guaranteed basic income as a probable consequence of intellctual automation of labor

Objective: to form a holistic view of the unconditional basic income as a tool of social protection, taking into account the changes in the labor sphere and allowing to solve a number of growing problems associated with the consequences of the economy digitalization, as well as to assess the prospects of creating legal regulation on this issue. Methods: the study was conducted using both general and specific scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis, formal-legal method, systemic and comparative approaches, methods of legal forecasting and legal modeling. Results: unconditional basic income can become one of the elements of a new model of social security based on the unstable nature of labor relations, which begins to prevail over the model of sustainable employment traditional for industrial society. If established, this institution will be cross-sectoral within the labor law and social security law, providing social protection simultaneously to all members of society, most of whom in the near future will face an increased risk of being absorbed by technological unemployment. Unconditional basic income as an element of the social protection system will have to comply with the principle of the universal nature of protection based on social solidarity, on the one hand, and to take into account the need to balance the interests of the parties, on the other hand. As experimental models of basic income, which can be put into practice in the coming years, we can name the model of basic income as a measure of social support for persons involved in atypical forms of employment. This model will affect a number of existing provisions of labor legislation and will allow over time, in case of technological unemployment, to expand the circle of unconditional basic income recipients to all people. Scientific novelty: it consists in the fact that the unconditional basic income is analyzed from the viewpoint of its compliance with the fundamental principles of labor, employment, and social security. Practical significance: it consists in revealing the significance of basic income for the implementation of social policy and in forming recommendations for modeling experiments to introduce the unconditional basic income in the Russian Federation.

Legal factors influencing social integration of labour migrants from Central Asia

Investigation of the impact of legal factors on the integration of migrants provides an opportunity to understand how the legal environment in the receiving countries affects their social inclusion and integration into society. The purpose of this study was to analyse the legal aspects that affect the social adaptation and integration of migrants into the labour sphere. The study employed the following methods: structural-functional method, comparative-legal method, theoretical-predictive method, survey method. It was found that integration is a process that migrants must undergo, both as individuals and as a special socially differentiated group. Despite the existence of international and national laws, the migration of labour from Central Asia is often accompanied by various problems and challenges (illegal migration, lack of social protection, discrimination and inequality). It is necessary to create favourable social, legal, and economic conditions for labour migrants to remove obstacles to their social integration and adaptation by the host society. These conditions should include legalisation of their status, adequate housing, paid employment, social security, insurance, and legally guaranteed compensation payments, as well as ensuring social identification. Generally, it is critical to create a mechanism of integration-adaptation at a higher legislative level for effective support of social integration of labour migrants from Central Asia. To create a new culture of relations with migrants in the host society and to remove contradictions arising from socio-cultural and ethno-religious differences, its main components and content should have a clearly defined socio-cultural orientation. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that all the theoretical provisions, conclusions, and recommendations can be used by the authorities responsible for migration processes to improve working conditions, protect rights, maintain social stability, stimulate economic development, and support intercultural understanding

How Income and Discrimination Shape the Acceptance of Newcomers in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Native-Born and Immigrant Populations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how income and belonging to a discriminated group are associated with perceptions of threats posed by immigrants, and with the willingness to accept newcomers of a different/same race or ethnicity as most people of the receiving country, or newcomers who came from poor countries outside Europe. The study transcended Borjas's theory of 'competing and complementary' to newcomer groups of native workers, expanding it from the economic and labor spheres to the symbolic cultural and social spheres, and extending this theory to the foreign-born European population. The study used data from the European Social Survey Round 10 Data. Three local population groups in the EU were examined: the native-born population, immigrants from non-EU countries living in the EU, and migrants from EU countries living in other EU countries. The study revealed that for native-born people, the salient factor predicting their perceived threats and willingness to accept newcomers was income, and for non-EU veteran immigrants, the salient factor was the feeling of belonging to a discriminated group. Economically disadvantaged native-born people in the EU were a group competing with newcomers. However, disadvantaged and discriminated non-EU immigrants were complementary to newcomers. The study showed that a disadvantaged group may be either competing or complementary to newcomers, depending on the origin of the group's members rather than on the origin of newcomers.

On the issue of corruption in the sphere of labor and employment: today’s realities

The problem of corruption in all its manifestations, its causes and methods of overcoming it attracts the attention of a considerable number of scientists. Today, the sphere of labor and employment is not only an important institutional basis for the implementation of corruption and related offenses in the state in general, but also one of the goals of the spread of corruption in the state. The purpose of the article is to study the manifestations of corruption in Ukraine in the field of labor and employment, to identify existing problems in this field and to make proposals for their solution. Currently, the fight against corruption has become a priority of Ukraine’s state policy and part of its international obligations. During the period of the anti-corruption reform, certain results were achieved in this area of state and society activity, in particular, new legislation was adopted, anti-corruption bodies and courts were created, innovative tools for the prevention of corruption were introduced, and the development of public control is ongoing. At the same time, the current labor legislation, although it is quite progressive in terms of protecting the rights of employees, however, in order to more effectively use the opportunities to expose corruption, it needs changes aimed at forming an even greater protective role of labor law. Corruption in the sphere of labor and employment is considered as a special socio-legal phenomenon, which naturally has an extremely negative impact on the sphere of labor and employment, but it is also a phenomenon that can be minimized by labor-legal means (first of all, the normative basis of labor law, labor rights and obligations of subjects of labor law, acts of implementation of labor law, etc.), as well as a number of institutional mechanisms in the relevant field (first of all, the mechanism for preventing and countering nepotism, the mechanism for ensuring the exposure of corruption by employees, the mechanism for ensuring decent work, the mechanism for control and supervision according to the state of compliance with law and order in the sphere of labor and employment, the mechanism for ensuring the protection of information restricted in circulation).

Challenges to the exercise of collective labour rights outside the employment relationship

The importance of the issues covered in this article is due to the impact of information technologies on the labour sphere, transformation of the features of “classical” labour relations and the need to rethink the categories of “employee” and “employer” in order to ensure the exercise of collective labour rights, such as the right to association, collective bargaining and collective action by all workers regardless of the form of employment, first of all, by dependent self-employed persons. The author emphasises that the ILO, the CJEU in the opinions of their supervisory bodies, and the EU Court of Justice in their judgments use a broad approach to the interpretation of the concept of employee, including self-employed persons, in particular, in the context of exercising the right to association and collective bargaining. The author presents the experience of certain European countries, in particular, France and Poland, in terms of legislative consolidation of fundamental labour rights for self-employed persons. The article demonstrates that courts in different jurisdictions have different approaches to resolving the issue of the legal status of platform workers using the example of the decision of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Spanish court in the Deliveroo case. It is stated that in Ukraine today, one of the fundamental labour rights - the right to join a trade union de jure is not limited by the existence of an employment relationship or the status of an employee. At the same time, the right to collective bargaining, collective bargaining agreements and the right to collective action to protect one’s rights, which are an integral part of the right to freedom of association, is de facto only possible for those who are in an employment relationship based on an employment contract and have the status of an employee. As a solution to this problem, it is proposed to introduce a broad category of “working” or “employed” in national legislation, which will be used exclusively for the purposes of unionisation, exercise of the right to collective bargaining, conclusion of collective agreements and collective action. Such a definition should be separated from the definition of the narrow concept of an employee under an employment contract used in the context of individual labour relations.

Проблемы войны и мира в философско-политической публицистике Ли Дачжао

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of views on the problem of war and peace of a prominent Chinese educator and political figure, one of the first in the country to take the path of comprehending Marxism and playing a key role in its establishment in China. Having received a classical Con - fucian education, the future first Chinese Marxist and one of the founders of the Communist Party of China went through a difficult path of ideological evolution – from liberal democracy to revolutionary and further to Marxism. In this context, the main vector of changes in his views on the problems of war and peace was determined by a gradual transition from consistent anti-militarism to an understanding of the class essence of war. The turn that was determined in Li Dazhao’s views under the influence of the First World War was finally consolidated by the revolutionary events of 1917 in Russia. Considering war an inevitable companion of capitalism, which, under the conditions of imperialism, strives to extract maximum profit by erasing state borders and creating superempires, Li Dazhao ultimately came to the conclusion that the only way to combat militarism and prevent the threat of new wars of conquest is to change the existing system and establish new ones relations in the spheres of labor and property. At the same time, the main instrument of these changes should be the proletarian state.

Государственное регулирование занятости женщин и профессиональная сегрегация в российской сфере труда – 100 лет истории. Часть 2. 1945-1991 годы

This paper, based on a general analysis of political documents and legislative acts, examines the changes in the regulation of employment conditions and regimes for women, as well as the dynamics of gender industry segregation. The first part of the article was dedicated to the initial Soviet period and the period of the Great Patriotic War (1917-1945). The second part covers the entire post-war Soviet period (1945-1991), during which there remained a commitment to the idea of maximizing women's participation in the economy. However, perceptions of the conditions for achieving gender equality in employment changed when the country faced the threat of critically low birth rates. As this demographic problem was directly linked to the high total workload of women, a system of benefits and preferences exclusively addressed to working women began to be developed, aiming to create "the most favourable conditions for combining professional and family duties." The implementation of an ever-expanding system of benefits did not lead to the equalization of opportunities for men and women in the labour sphere but contributed to the expansion of labour discrimination by gender and the formation of stereotypical views about jobs most "suitable for men" and "most suitable for women." The article analyzes the dynamics of differences in the sectoral employment structure of women and men based on historical and contemporary statistics, demonstrating that in the Russian Soviet society, committed to traditional gender role divisions, and without pressure on women in their choice of workplace, there was an increase in gender professional segregation due to the concentration of women in non-production sectors and men in material production sectors. The empirical basis for this study relies on data from the Central Statistical Office of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and Rosstat. The statistical analysis of gender segregation dynamics in this study employed the Duncan index, which quantitatively assesses and compares differences between the distributions of women and men across sectors and types of economic activity.

Work in a changing world: transformations in the labor sphere and the focus of new research (round table)

On the eve of the anniversary of the journal, issues of studying labor and labor relations in our country are discussed, including their coverage in the journal. Specialists in the field of labor sociology give varying assessments not only of the previous period of the discipline’s development, but also evaluate its prospects, discussing the undeservedly forgotten names of predecessors and their ideas. The peculiarity of the national sociology of labor development is noted, which, despite the lackibg independent theories as well as ideas ahead of practice, over the past fifty years has always adequately responded to the challenges and demands of its time, fulfilling social orders. Methodological questions are raised about the difficulties of studying social and labor relations, lack of conceptual elaboration of the conceptual apparatus, and the measurements difficulties in the labor sphere are discussed. Important aspects of prospective research in this direction are discussed.

A decade of decent work in Russia

This article presents the results of a study of the state and dynamics of the main indicators of «decent work» in the period from 2012 to 2022 in our country. The analysis was based on the relevant indicators recommended by the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the articles presented in visualized material based on statistical information posted on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia. The main research methods were information analysis and statistical analysis. The study made it possible to draw the necessary conclusions based on its results. It is shown that the overall percentage of population employment remains relatively unchanged and is around 60 %. Positive trends, in general, include such indicators as a decrease in the unemployment rate, including, by gender, a decrease in the level of injuries, the number of overtime hours and the duration of work more than 48 hours a week; the decrease in the share of employees with low wages is almost linear downward trend, etc. Such areas as «Adequate earnings and productive employment», «Decent working hours» and «Safe work» fully correspond to the labor requirements of the 21st century. At the same time, existing problems that require a fair solution in the Russian labor sphere are emphasized. First of all, we are talking about the level of wages for men and women in a comparative aspect. The so-called «gender gap» in this area, unfortunately, continues to persist.