Sphere Of Administration Research Articles

Legal regulation of the use of information and communication technologies in the activities of public authorities

The article examines the issues of legal regulation of the use of information and communication technologies in the activities of public authorities. The relevance of the topic is due to the universal digitalization of public relations, including the activities of public authorities. The widespread informatization of various spheres of society, their economic activities, the development and introduction of modern data transmission devices, the expansion of computer networks led to a sharp increase in the volume of processed information, and modern society began to be called informational. The process of informatization of society is gradually taking place. Various information and communication technologies are also actively used in the field of public administration in Russia. The processes of informatization and information support are increasingly active in the digital economy of Russia. Technologies and their application are turning from a specialized professional field into a key issue in the sphere of public administration. In the general understanding, information and communication technologies are a process that includes a set of tools and methods for the implementation of operations for the collection, registration, accumulation, processing and transmission of information based on hardware and for the purpose of solving management tasks. The author formulates the conclusion that information and communication technologies are increasingly being used in the activities of public authorities. Informatization of the activities of public authorities in the Russian Federation is an indispensable and important stage in the formation of the information society, as well as the leading direction of reforming the entire system of public administration.

ПУБЛІЧНИЙ ІНТЕРЕС У ПУБЛІЧНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ: ВИХІДНІ ПОЗИЦІЇ ДОКТРИНАЛЬНОГО РОЗУМІННЯ І ПРАКТИЧНОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ (ЗА ЗАКОНОДАВСТВОМ УКРАЇНИ ТА КАЗАХСТАНУ)

Purpose. The article’s purpose is an attempt to analyse the category of “public interest” in terms of doctrinal understanding and practical application in the sphere of public administration. Methods. The research methodology consists of various methods of scientific cognition, including comparative and legal, systematic and structural, analysis, synthesis and others that make it possible to systematically and consistently to solve scientific problems, to study and compare the points of view of scholars, provisions of legal acts of the corresponding countries, caselaw and to formulate the author’s conclusions. Results. The author of the article considers the public interest through the historical prism and concludes that this category was used as a “convenient screen” in Soviet times in order to restrict the rights of individuals, which does not allow us to refer to previously obtained scientific results to substantiate current tendencies in this field. Considerable attention of the work is focused on searching the universal definition of the category of “public interest”. The author criticizes the existing approaches to this issue, especially emphasizing that the quantitative indicators of the bearers of a particular interest cannot be a sufficient ground for classifying any of them as the public interest. Among other things the author of the article emphasizes that the system of public interests cannot be constant and unchanging. It is formed under the influence of various factors and therefore, it has to be revised from time to time. However, the state must be concerned about the stability of public interests and prevent their unjustified narrowing and / or expansion. The author also pays attention to the issue of alternative points of view on the scope of public interests within modern countries, while appealing to the authors of the libertarian concept of the state. This concept, in his view, is to some extent used by judicial authorities, who decide cases of competition between human rights and the public interest that confirms its viability. The author of the paper also emphasizes that the public interest is a constitutional value that allows it to compete with other constitutional values (for example, fundamental human rights and freedoms) and to have priority over values that are enshrined in laws and by-laws. Conclusions. An important aspect of the paper is to formulate the conditions, when restrictions on human rights and freedoms are allowed, with the reference to the need to ensure the public interest, which, in the author’s opinion, is the “secondary” value in a modern democratic and rule of law country.

Ukrainian language policy in the 1920s and after 1991: Development stages and present trends

This article is an attempt to offer a survey of the language policy adopted in Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s and in contemporary Ukraine after 1991 highlighting the crucial notion of language as a national treasure for Ukrainian identity. First of all, the Romantic or German model of ‘nation’ is discussed. The paper also deals with the main premises, choices, and outcomes of the ‘Ukraini zation’ language policy of the 1920s: although the Bolsheviks considered language as a mere tool, noteworthy results were achieved in education, print media, and, to a lesser extent, among the officials. After 1991, Ukrainian language policy faced the complexity of a formal definition of the status of the Ukrainian and Russian languages, as well as a need for the reaffirmation of the state language (Ukrainian) in the spheres previously dominated by the Russian language. The 2012 lan guage law represented a new form of Russification, whereas the 2019 language law focused more on the needs of the Ukrainian society, and promoted a new ‘Ukrainization’ in the spheres of public administration, media, and science. Keywords: language policy, Ukraine, 1920s, independence, identity

ЩОДО ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЗАКОНУ «ПРО АДМІНІСТРАТИВНУ ПРОЦЕДУРУ»

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the latest stages of the adoption and entryinto force of the Law of Ukraine “On Administrative Procedure” (hereinafter – LAP), its keynovelties, as well as the formation of a vision regarding the main measures of implementing thePAP, approaches to solving potential conflicts between the LAP and current legislative acts.Methods, Research methods are historical, comparative and legal, as well as methods offorecasting, analysis, and generalization.Results. The law with a 23-year history of preparation was finally adopted before the full-scaleinvasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine. The article pays attention to the practical noveltiesof the LAP, as well as a significant theoretical novel - the introduction of the construction of “publicadministration” into the Ukrainian legislation. Among the measures for the implementation ofthe LAP, the following stand out: timely normative harmonization of the current legislation onthe LAP, development of approaches to solving potential conflicts, educational and scientificcomponents. Many novels of LAP still need in-depth scientific study. This especially applies to theproblem of determining the boundaries of the sphere of public administration (taking into accountthe dynamics of social relations, the processes of delegation of public functions, privatization,etc.), the determination of the subjects of consideration of complaints in the administrativeorder (mainly affecting the issue of the subject competence of administrative bodies and the political-administrative nature of individual bodies executive power and local self-governmentbodies), revocation and invalidation of administrative acts, etc.The greatest attention in the article is paid to the problems of potential conflicts of the LAP withspecial legislation and approaches to solving these conflicts. These approaches are based on theprinciples of LAP and their priority. The following principles are of particular importance andvalue: guaranteeing a person’s right to participate in the proceedings (including the person’sright to be heard), guaranteeing effective means of legal protection, the principles of formality,reasonableness, and openness. In addition to significant conflicts, potential “technical” conflictsand ways to resolve them are also outlined.Conclusions: It is necessary to welcome the adoption of the LAP in such difficult times. This isa practical confirmation of the civilizational choice of Ukraine, our European integration. Nowthe Ukrainian state must make due efforts to implement the LAP, because its implementation willsave public resources at the next stages, simplify legal regulation for citizens, businesses, andpublic officials. It is necessary to ensure that the current legislation is brought into line with theLAP, training of public servants, further theoretical development of the problems of the generaladministrative procedure. Approaches to resolving potential conflicts should be developedseparately. And here, the principles of LAP, their correct understanding and application playa key role.

On the issue of the effectiveness of public authorities in the era of digitalization

ONTHEISSUEOFTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFPUBLICAUTHORITIESINTHEERAOFDIGITALIZATION The article is devoted to the study of the processes of digitalization of the activities of public authorities. The author notes that these processes are a necessity of the modern digital era. Scientific and technological progress has affected many spheres of life, including the sphere of public administration. In this regard, it is necessary to regularly analyze the effectiveness of the activities of public authorities in order to understand exactly how the introduction of digital technologies has affected this activity; which problems and issues in the analyzed area have been resolved, and which have not yet. Digitalization in any sphere, including in the field of public administration, has both its advantages and disadvantages. It is important to take this into account when introducing modern technologies into the activities of government agencies.

Administrative legal relationship: evolution of views on the concept and essence

The relevance of the choice of this topic is due to: the evolutionary changes that have taken place in Russian society since the moment of political and economic transformations (late 80s, early 2000s); the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in July 2020; administrative reforms and transformations of the executive power of the Russian Federation, etc. The article analyzes the views of pre-revolutionary (Russian) legal scholars, the first post-revolutionary ideas of scientists who attempted to give the concept and characteristics of the Marxist, then Soviet (socialist) legal relationship. The collapse of the socialist political system dealt a crushing blow to Russian basic and applied sciences. However, managerial ideas in the theory of Administrative Law exist to this day, although they have long ceased to have scientific and legislative support. A generalization of the works of Russian administrative is showed that our contemporaries continue to take a liking to the dogma of the administrative-legal relationship as a power relationship that arises in the sphere of public administration, where the dominant subject (a representative of the state) is dominant. In conclusion, destroying the existing stereotypes about the concept and essence of administrative-legal relations, it was concluded that the executive authorities, local self-government bodies in administrative legal relations do not have a large amount of rights in relation to citizens. In relations with citizens, they are only conductors of power. They are charged with the obligation to provide citizens and society with the opportunity to acquire constitutional rights and freedoms. The state must and must take on the challenges of our time. It is obliged to bear the burden of protecting and ensuring the safety of citizens, to fulfill social obligations, to be a regulator of public relations. Administrative Law regulates the relationship between the state and free people who, by virtue of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, have the right to express their will, opinion, and the right to use their freedoms to the fullest

Risk management in public administration

With the growth of risks and uncertainties at the regional and national levels of management, the integration of risk management methodology into the sphere of public administration is becoming increasingly important. Examples of the implementation of risks in the field of public administration are the insufficient consideration of foreign economic risks in state policy, the negative dynamics of socio-economic indicators at the regional level, the increase in the cost of state programs, the delay in the timing of necessary public procurement, the failure to fulfill obligations to the population. The goals of state authorities are to minimize risks to society in a specialized area, for example, smoothing the risks of fluctuations in the economic situation, reducing risks in the areas of budget, tax, insurance, currency, banking, reducing demographic risks, risks of reducing the standard of living and income of the population, analyzing environmental and man-made risks, reducing the likelihood of their implementation and minimizing losses.

PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY IN THE SOCIAL DOCTRINE OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

The article considers the origin of the idea of subsidiarity, which was originally formed in the XIX century within the Catholic Church. The process of its evolution, during which the principle of subsidiarity acquired a new content and during which it was implemented in the Social Doctrine of the Catholic Church is traced. While at its origin the principle was considered to regulate the level of interaction of different hierarchical levels of authorities in relation to the institution of the family, then over time the borders were expanded to the sphere of social administration, which can be applied in different organizational models within geopolitical, international, national and administrative structures. The norms of canon law, which enshrined the principle of subsidiarity as an integral tool used in the division of powers in the administration of the Catholic Church, are analyzed.

PUBLIC SERVICES AS AN OBJECT OF MANAGEMENT INFLUENCE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES

Objective. The objective of the article is to clarify the essence of the "public services" category and to determine ways to improve the management processes of their provision in local self-government bodies. Methods. In the research process, a set of general scientific methods and techniques of research are applied: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, grouping, induction, deduction. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research contains the provisions of the theory of management, public and state administration. In order to evaluate the process of providing public services in the conditions of local self-government bodies of the city of Kryvyi Rih, the SWOT analysis method is used. Results. In the study, based on the conducted content analysis of the approaches of scientists and practitioners, the category of "public service" is clarified. It should be understood as a special type of service, the result of the functioning of public authorities, aimed at the prompt resolution of socially significant problems and the implementation of state functions at all levels ( national and local). The analysis of the provision of public services in the conditions of the local self-government bodies of the city of Kryvyi Rih, carried out using the SWOT-analysis methodology adapted to the sphere of public administration, makes it possible to single out comparative advantages of this process (based on the analysis of strengths and opportunities), challenges for the management system of the provision of public services in the city (based on the analysis of weaknesses and opportunities), as well as identify the existing risks associated with this process of management and administration. It is determined that the improvement of the management process of the provision of public services in the city should be carried out within the framework of the implementation of the strategic program for the development of the public services system, the basis of which should be the following measures: 1. developing control mechanisms for the quality of the provision of public services by local self-government bodies; 2. developing an effective system of motivation of personnel providing public services; 3. reforming the approach to the personnel strategy of personnel formation and creating an emphasis on the educational level and specialty for which the future employee of the TsNP or department was educated; 4. ensuring interoperability.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ КАДРОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

The research is based on the thesis that the personnel is the defining tool of management activity in institutions and organizations. First of all, the article analyzes the pluralism of views of scientists on the very essence of personnel security, as well as the meaning of personnel security from the standpoint of scientists in various spheres of activity, in particular in the sphere of public administration, economic, and legal spheres. It is emphasized that the personnel is the basis of the formation of personnel security, because unprofessional, dishonest, politically biased personnel harms the institution and organization. The structure of personnel security is considered, which includes a set of such constituent elements as: subjects and objects of personnel security; values and principles of personnel security; goals and objectives of personnel security; functions, means and methods for achieving personnel safety goals; resource provision of personnel security and their use; main directions of personnel security activities; stage of implementation of personnel security. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the goals of implementing personnel security at the enterprise, as well as the tasks to which personnel security activities are dedicated, in particular: ensuring the security of the enterprise, prevention of hazards, threat management, etc. External and internal threats that affect both the effectiveness of personnel security and the final result of the enterprise's management activities are considered. The main methods of ensuring personnel security of the enterprise are also determined: economic, technological, socio-psychological, administrative, organizational, disciplinary. The functional content of personnel security is considered. The personnel security mechanism and its structural and functional contents are analyzed, as well as attention is paid to the study of the main principles of personnel security, in particular: legality, transparency, professionalism, strategic decision-making, impartiality, timeliness, continuity, flexibility, democracy, legitimacy, optimality and equality.

Преимущества и недостатки конвергенции частного права в контрольно-надзорную деятельность как института публичного управления

As part of the tasks of limiting state interference in the economic activities of business entities, ending excessive state regulation, and developing the system of selfregulatory organisations in the economy, an administrative reform has been implemented, including in the sphere of control and oversight activities. As a result, Federal Law No. 248-FZ of 31.07.2020 "On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation" (hereinafter - the Law on Control) was adopted. State control (supervision) is a function of the state related to the sphere of public administration, which predetermines its public-law nature. At the same time, its goals set within the framework of the administrative reform have affected the content of the law and its nature - there has been a convergence of private law into control and supervision activities. A manifestation of this conclusion is Article 8 of the Control Law, devoted to the principle of incentives for good faith compliance with mandatory requirements, which implies that in its implementation preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of harm are prioritised over control and oversight measures. The legal consequence of confirming the bona fides of a controlled person will be the reduction of the category of risk of harm, and separate legal means - independent assessment of compliance with mandatory requirements and conclusion by a controlled person with an insurance organization of voluntary insurance of risks of harm, if they are provided by the federal law on the type of control, act as grounds for exemption from planned control and oversight measures (respectively Art. 54 and part 9 of Article 25). Another example confirming the 'privatisation' of the institute of state control (supervision) are the provisions in the Control Act on the recognition of results of independent evaluation of compliance with mandatory requirements (Art. 54) and membership in self-regulatory organisations (Art. 55). Their legal consequence is the failure to carry out planned inspections in relation to controlled persons, unless otherwise provided for by the federal law on the type of control. This shows that the state has actually taken real measures to reduce excessive state regulation in the framework of control and supervisory activities. On the other hand, in the examined cases the transformation of public administration is taking place at the expense of businesses that incur additional financial expenses to implement the state's controlling function. However, doubts arise about the implementation by the business community of private law means of replacing planned inspections if this would cause them high financial costs. On this basis, the state should consider measures to stimulate their implementation, as is the case, for example, with environmental legislation for new technologies. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

Некоторые проблемы административно-процедурного процесса

Issues related to the administrative process in these conditions are extremely relevant and in demand in conditions when there is a need for the preparation and adoption of an administrative procedural code, which would reflect general provisions on the procedure for considering and resolving administrative procedures in all spheres of public administration. The article examines the problems related to the administrative and procedural activities of executive authorities. The purpose of this study is not to study all the administrative procedures that exist within the framework of executive and administrative activities. The article considers "positive" administrative procedures, with the help of which the activities of executive authorities and their officials are carried out to resolve individual administrative cases of an indisputable positive nature. Cases of a positive indisputable nature are associated with the satisfaction of the vital interests of individuals and legal entities and are aimed at the realization of their rights. The result of the study is the formulation of conclusions that in order to solve the problems of the administrative and administrative process, it is necessary to adopt an administrative procedural code or a law on administrative procedures.

On the "ethno-classe dominante" in the First Persian Period Egypt

The following article analyzes P. Briant’s concept of the “dominant ethno-class” in Egypt during the First Persian Domination (526 – 404 BC.). According to P. Briant, the main administrative positions were held by Persian officials, who constituted a closed and culturally isolated from the Egyptians group, while the Egyptian officials were only allowed into religious and financial spheres of administration. Though some ideas of P. Briant were developed by subsequent scholars, the basis of his concept was criticized, especially the thesis of cultural isolation of Persians in Egypt. The article presents a critical evaluation of the concept forwarded by P. Briant as applied to Acaemenid Egypt. Major difficulties with applying P. Briant’s to the Egyptian evidence are due to the insufficiency of historical sources and data on some aspects of social-administrative life in Egypt during the First Persian Domination. The author draws attention to the fact that some cases of Persian acculturation during this period in fact do not reflect the situation in the first decades of the Achaemenid rule in Egypt. Moreover, the definition of the “dominant ethno-class” does not allow including all Persians present in Egypt at the time into this specific strata. While analyzing the issue of the participation of Egyptian elite in Persian administration of Egypt, author points out that the conclusions of P. Briant and D. Agut-Labordère were made on the basis of data acquired from Demotic and Aramaic sources. However, the information from the hieroglyphic inscriptions of this period provides us with data that allows to speak about the inclusion of some of the Egyptian officials into the Persian «dominant ethno-class».

Инновации в производстве публичных услуг: основные направления и смежные области

The paper is devoted to the study of innovations in the field of public services. It provides a literature review on innovation in the public sector, identifies issues, areas of contemporary research and related areas. The author makes a conclusion about the growing interest in innovations as a means of increasing the efficiency and quality of public services. The paper shows the change in approaches to innovation in the public sector that has intensified the development of relevant areas of practice, as well as scientific interest in such related topics as stakeholder engagement, leadership, network governance, the role of citizens in the innovation process, the value dimension of innovation, etc. When stating the undoubted development of management in the direction of innovativeness in its broadest sense, the author concludes that the sphere of public administration is the most inertial in relation to innovative development.

Criteria for the Selection of Speech Material for Teaching English for Specific Purposes to Public Administrators

Currently, the priority of postgraduate education is the preparation of specialists with a sufficient level of knowledge of a foreign language for the successful exchange of both scientific and technical achievements through inter-lingual channels. Foreign language competence is a prerequisite for professional development of a specialist, and knowledge of a professionally oriented foreign language as a means of intercultural communication will allow a prospective specialist to build the basis of their personal and social life with practical skills and abilities and implement them in professional activities. This allows us to highlight the importance and necessity of a foreign language competence development in the sphere of public administration. Competence development process should be based on authentic materials and account for situations of real-life professional interaction of the specialists that leads to the relevance of the study, which aims to define the criteria of selection of the speech material for teaching English for specific purposes. This aim led to the use of theoretical research methods (studying philosophical, linguistic, psychological, didactic and methodological papers to understand the problem, developing theoretical foundations and conceptual approaches to the development of program material) and empirical ones (scientific observation of teaching a professionally oriented foreign language to public administrators). The article also outlines the importance of the development of professionally-oriented foreign language competence for the public administrators, highlights the main requirements for the candidates for public service positions in the European space, and discovers educational processes in the framework of postgraduate education in Ukraine. The authors define the unit of selection of teaching material and describe the procedure of its selection as well as the conditions of the development of foreign language competence for professional purposes.

Efektyvnist administratyvno-pravovoho rehuliuvannia zovnishnoekonomichnoi diialnosti Ukrainy v suchasnykh umovakh

Foreign economic activity is one of the components of the overall activities of each country. In the national legislation, the country highlights its special aspects and directions. Introduction of legal regulation of all types of foreign economic activity in Ukraine, including foreign trade, economic, scientific and technical cooperation, specialization and cooperation in the sphere of the production, science and technology, economic relations in the field of construction, transport, freight forwarding, insurance, settlement, credit and other banking operations, the provision of various services, took place through the adoption in 1991 of the Law «On Foreign Economic Activity». The article deals with the problem of increasing the influence of administrative bodies on state structures and methods of exercising state power. Administrative law determines the competence of state executive bodies, and also contains acts of public administration that have an impact on individuals. Emphasis is placed on the fact that Ukraine is in an active phase of transformation, when the legal framework is changing, new rules of operation are being established, and new international relations are being created. The Government’s position is to establish constructive cooperation with business, intensify investment policy, reform the mode of legal regulation of commodity property relations in Ukraine in connection with WTO accession and the near future of negotiations on a «deep» free trade zone between Ukraine and the EU. The role of legal levers in the context of economic reforms in Ukraine cannot be overestimated. But in fact, administrative and legal regulation requires reforming its model in the foreign economic sphere, in particular, a significant change in the ratio of public and private law interests. An important factor in this reform is the external factor, i.e. the already existing legal regulation of market relations, which operates successfully in economically developed countries. So, Ukraine has an alternative — either to borrow international experience or to go its own way of trial and error. The author analyzes the possibilities, features and limits of administrative influence in the sphere of the public administration of the foreign economic activity. The direct borrowing of European scientific experience without taking into account national specifics was critically assessed, and it was emphasized that a new ideology, new approaches in methods and means of adapting national legislation to EU legislation are needed to improve the efficiency of administrative and legal regulation. The facts when administrative acts arise outside the exercise of formal powers of the administrative bodies are investigated. Some administrative procedures that significantly affect the implementation of the foreign economic activity and the ability to protect Ukrainian industry from cheap and massive imports of goods are considered. Specific proposals have been made to differentiate foreign economic relations, which tend to the sphere of public law and are the environment of administrative influence of the state, which is a party to these relations and foreign economic relations between the subjects of private law.

Corruption in Ukraine and the World as a Trigger for the Weakening of the State

The article analyzes corruption as an extra-legal phenomenon that destroys the morality and values of society, threatens democracy and human rights, deforms the functions of state power, discrediting it both within the country and in the international arena. It is noted that the formation of dysfunctions in the sphere of public administration is not the main socio-political danger of corruption.The threat of "corrosion" and gradual destruction of social ties in the system of state regulation, public control and the functioning of social institutions is creating. The sociological and legal interpretation of corruption made it possible to study it as a trigger that weakens statehood, to reveal the social mechanism of the influence of corruption ties on state institutions, to assess the political, economic, legal, socio-structural and psychological factors of its spread. The authors characterize foreign and domestic “models” of corruption and ways of counteracting it from the standpoint of the ontological approach; she also has identified social markers that reflect its specificity in Ukraine; a real assessment of the degree of effectiveness of anti-corruption actions in Ukraine are presented; the expediency of analyzing corruption in the international aspect, especially the mechanisms, forms and methods of Ukrainian corruption spreading in the world corruption services and the penetration of transnational corruption into the Ukrainian political and economic space; it is also revealed the effect of the social mechanism of corruption in the structure of the state, as a result of which the process of state regulation loses its morality and social value. It is shown that the stable, actively "mutating", adaptive to the majority of social changes, the nature of corruption in Ukraine does not only forms and reproduces the tolerant attitude of government and a significant part of the public, but it also actively inhibits democratic transformations and deforms the public consciousness of Ukrainians. It is emphasized that "salus populi" is the most pragmatic option among the systemic models of fighting corruption (totalitarian, authoritarian, liberal).

Medicalization and Securitization of the Administrative-Public Sphere in the Conditions of the Pandemic in Russia and Germany

Against the background of the widespread introduction of a wide range of social and medical measures to protect the health of citizens in order to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, attention is drawn to the growing socio-political trend of medicalization of the entire administrative and public sphere. It is reflected in the increasingly clear "securitization" of many parts of public power, which is reflected in the ongoing redistribution and transformation of police powers. A number of world governments are taking actions to combat the pandemic, from imposing responsibility for poor compliance with the introduced antiepidemiological restrictions to developing a vaccine and conducting mass vaccinations, as a result of which lawmaking is actively pursued. In the extraordinary conditions in Russia, as in other countries of the world, the most effective measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection and overcome its consequences were in demand - measures of administrative coercion. The state actively uses the entire arsenal of legal means, including measures of administrative prevention, administrative procedural support and administrative punishment. In the article, the authors analyzed the administrative and legal norms of the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany, aimed at preventing the import and spread of a new corona virus infection (COVID-19). The trends in the expansion of the scale of administrative and police control, the influence of the state on changing the standards of behavior of citizens and the lifestyle of the population, and the movement of significant segments of crime into cyberspace are illustrated. Comprehension of the latest domestic and foreign experience, forms and methods of police-legal influence in order to reflect the danger, confirms the high relevance and important theoretical significance of the study. The authors conclude that at present both for Russia and for Germany the issues of redistribution and transformation of police powers in the administrative-public sphere of any state, reflecting the processes of medicalization and securitization of various links and sectors of public power in response to existential threats, are relevant and promising. directions of scientific research.

ETHNOCULTURAL AND LANGUAGE POLICY IN CHUVASHIA: EXPERT OPINION

The article analyzes the opinion of the expert community on a number of problems concerning the ethnocultural development and language policy in Chuvashia. The survey was conducted in 15 regions of the country using the tools developed at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology under the Russian Academy of Sciences. In autumn 2020, 30 experts expressed their opinion, they represented equally the sphere of state and municipal administration, science, higher education, the media, as well as national cultural associations and other public organizations. Much attention of the experts was directed to the ways and methods of implementing the amendments to the Constitution of Russia in Chuvashia adopted in 2020, including by expanding the opportunities of regional legislation in the field of ethno-cultural development. Different points of view are expressed on such subjects as the legislative strengthening of the Chuvash language in the public space, the decision to switch to voluntary study of native languages in educational institutions, the possibility of state and public support for native languages of various peoples, etc. The attitude to such innovations was determined during the All-Russian Population Census as the ability of citizens to name themselves as representatives of more than one nationality and to name not one native language but more, to determine the extent of using other languages in everyday life other than Russian. The opinion of experts on the place and role of national cultural associations in the work on the ethno-cultural direction was studied. On a number of issues, experts expressed an integrated opinion, including supporting the cultural needs of the old-time and newly arriving population, on the need to consider native languages as belonging to traditional family values, on the possibility of identifying the level of language use in everyday life during the population census, etc. At the same time, quite opposite opinions were expressed on a number of issues. For example, this is in reference to the possibility to consider oneself a person belonging not to one, but, for example, to two ethnic identities during the population census, about the activity of national and cultural associations when discussing the amendments to the Constitution of Russia, etc.

Комплексний аналіз наукових підходів щодо формування організаційно-штатних структур прикордонних підрозділів

Розглянуто проблематику обґрунтування процесу формування організаційно-штатної структури прикордонного підрозділу науковими теоретико-методологічними підходами. Сформульовано мету наукової статті. Проведено ретельний аналіз наукової літератури із представленого питання. Виділено та розкрито сутність аксіологічного, синергетичного, системного, структурно-функціонального, діяльнісного, особистісно-орієнтованого, компетентнісного, владного, нормативного, нормативно-методичного підходів. Проаналізовано основні результати здійсненого наукового пошуку, сформульовано висновки дослідження.