Sphere Of Administration Research Articles

РОЛЬ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ МЕРИТОРНЫХ ПОТРЕБНОСТЕЙ: ЭКОНОМИКО-ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article substantiates the position that one of the most important functions of civil society is the translation of public needs into state and economic subsystems. At the same time, civil society is understood as an analytically independent sphere and to a certain extent empirically separated from the state and from the market. Relying on the provisions of Richard Musgrave's concept of meritorious goods, the authors prove that the public interest is formed as a result of individual preferences learned and accepted by individuals acting in accordance with group norms and attitudes. In this regard, one of the main functions of non–governmental non–profit organizations - actors of civil society – is to establish trust relations with the public administration sphere, on the one hand, and the economic sphere, on the other. The application of the research approach of the meritorious concept to the analysis of civil society, according to the authors, opens up a wide range for economic research that does not belong to the classical school. The article deals mainly with theoretical aspects of the formation of social needs with the participation of civil society. At the same time, the opinion is expressed that the mechanism of partnership interaction of civil institutions with the state contributes to the effective implementation of the function of translating public needs into other subsystems of society.

Іntegrity and good faith in the european concept of good administration: framework for legal and scientific research

Clarifying the essence of the good public administration in the USA, United Kingdom, European countries, and Ukraine has led to the need for special studies of the Good Faith and Іntegrity principles. The purpose of this paper is to develop the framework for future study of the doctrine of good administration, within the European cultural and legal tradition. This study represents a “triune” system of methodology: 1) general (meta-theoretical) methods – theory “Law as Іntegrity” of Ronald M. Dworkin); 2) special (typical for the work) method – a legal operationalization; 3) applied methods – logical-linguistic and sociological methods of content analysis. The results of preliminary review of the theoretical works were significantly modified on a basis of the collection and study of empirical material of activities in the sphere of public administration. A significant body of legal texts were examined by using the content-analysis method which has been successfully applied in the framework of the empirical research. The conclusions contain a basic hypothesis for future research. The basic concept of the claimed research, which has been developed, in such a way, is reduced to object, subject and aim of the further study of the issues raised in the field of good public administration.

Социальный конфликт в сфере государственного управления: информационно-коммуникационные технологии разрешения

The article is devoted to the problem of managing social conflicts in public administration. The issues of improving communication skills and information support for management decision-making are considered. A conflict is a constant phenomenon of modern life and quite naturally many conflict situations take place in the sphere of public administration. This is due to a variety of views, differences of opinions and conflicting interests. Disagreements between employees of government bodies, their opinions or views on management problems are inevitable. The failure to respond to or stop these conflicts before full deployment reduces system performance and the amount of public services provided. To effectively respond to conflicts, government officials need new knowledge and access to new resolution tools. It is necessary to build a conflict model that will allow to analyze its essence and trace the optimal directions of its resolution. It is important to reach an abstract model. Therefore, today many theoretical and methodological surveys lie in the plane of building a common conflict model in public administration. One of the ways of such a combination can be to compile an algorithm for handling conflict situations in the field of management based on the conflict database. The database should contain information about the causes of conflicts, methods of their settlement, positive and negative consequences of the conflict, the results of a constructive conflict, signals indicating the presence of a conflict, recommendations for resolving the conflict. Accurate identification and correct use of new information solutions gives employees the opportunity to properly approach conflicts, which will certainly contribute to improving the image of public administration.

Criminal accumulation by dispossession: the exploitation of property development in peripheral areas by organised crime

ABSTRACT The paper discusses the infiltration of mafia-type organised crime groups (OCGs) in property development, with a particular focus on peripheral areas. It has two main aims. First, to shed light on the fact that mafia-type OCGs often become active players in this industry. Second, to identify those place-bound aspects that foster their infiltration. To this end, the article reviews recent cases of infiltration in the sphere of urban development with regard to the non-traditional mafia area of northern Italy. By investigating two peripheral municipalities, Brescello and Desio, it offers an insight into two main factors that make peripheral areas an attractive property market for place-embedded OCGs such as mafia groups: first, the structural weaknesses of peripheral municipalities with regard to their political–administrative spheres which, in turn, amplify the shortcomings of the planning process; and second, the fact that peripheral property markets present some features that make them more likely to be affected by the economic input of OCGs and thus create an ideal scenario for a process of criminal accumulation by dispossession.

Имперская парадигма государственного управления в России XVIII — начале XX вв.: сущность, направления исследования

The author analyzes the elements that make up the imperial paradigm in relation to the sphere of public administration in Russia during the XVIII — early XX centuries. In dialectical unity, systemic-structural, comparative-legal and historical-legal methods are used within the framework of a materialistic approach to states and law. The range of issues concentrating the vision of the evolution of imperial Russia in the political and state sphere is determined. The article examines the implementation of state power in relation to social organization, transformations of the state apparatus in the center and in the regions, the dynamics of the ideological component of statehood.

CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVENTION OF THE ACQUISITION OR SALE OF PROPERTY OBTAINED BY CRIMINAL MEANS

The relevance of the research topic is that the manifestation of criminal relations in various spheres of public life, including the economy, is increasing quantitatively. The main factors contributing to this process are the weakening of control in the administrative sphere, insufficiently dynamic and timely improvement of the legal framework for combating crime. In the system of illegal economic activity, a fairly independent direction has emerged, associated with the acquisition or sale of property obtained by criminal means. Today it is a pronounced way of carrying out the illegal circulation of material values, the responsibility for which is provided for in Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Little has been studied about the personality of criminals who have committed crimes in the sphere of the economy, whose characteristics differ significantly from the characteristics of subjects who have committed other crimes, both in terms of age, level of education, and social status.

“In the Name of the (God)Father”: Baptismal Naming in Early Colonial Guatemala

AbstractThis article examines baptismal naming in sixteenth-century Guatemala in the context of Indigenous adaptation to the sociopolitical upheavals of Spanish-led invasion, forced resettlement, and the imposition of Catholicism. As part of the institution of baptism—the first Catholic sacrament and one that missionaries implemented soon after their arrival in the Spanish Americas—Indigenous baptizees received a European name, as well as spiritual kin in the form of godparents. The distribution of baptismal names in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Santiago Atitlán, a predominantly Tz'utujil Maya community in highland Guatemala, suggests that Indigenous christening marked a break with precolonial onomastic practice. Instead of continuing the Indigenous tradition of naming children according to their birthdate, Maya adults in the Santiago Atitlán area developed new naming strategies that simultaneously located their children in the Spanish administrative sphere and reconstituted local social networks in the wake of colonial disruptions. Furthermore, the influence of godparents on name selection both expressed and reinforced godparenthood's rising significance as the most socially salient Catholic institution in colonial Indigenous society and one that remains vibrant into the present.

Establishment and development of legal regulation administrative judiciary in the Republic of Poland

The article analyzes the establishment and development of the legal regulation of administrative proceedings in the Republic of Poland. It is noted that the organization and activity of administrative proceedings in the restored Republic of Poland was based on two models: the previous Austrian administrative proceedings and the Prussian administrative proceedings. As a result, the formation of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal was foreseen in the Republic of Poland, which testifies to the significant influence of Western European traditions. The legal basis for its creation and activity was the law of August 3, 1922, the powers of which were specified by the regulations of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal.
 The competence of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal included the decision on the legality of decisions and orders in the sphere of governmental and self-governing administration. It was established that the restored Polish state, from the first days of its existence, began activities aimed at forming borders, state authorities, the army, law enforcement agencies, including the judiciary, namely the creation of an effective Polish judicial system and judiciary. It is described that the formation and development of the judicial system of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a long process and included two stages, which can be divided into two stages using the characteristics of the functioning of various systems of judicial bodies, their adaptation to new socio-political conditions and the growth of deformations caused by the violation of democratic principles of the March Constitution of 1921 and the creation of a unified system of general courts and its reformation in the direction of anti-democratic principles.
 It has been established that the foundations of the judicial system in Poland are the Constitution of 1921, which recognized the courts as a separate branch of government, independent of the executive and legislative powers, which in practice was not always implemented. It is noted that a feature of the judicial system of the Republic of Poland was the introduction of administrative proceedings, the formation of which took place immediately after the restoration of the Polish state. Attention was drawn to the fact that after the Second World War until 1980 there was no separate administrative court in the Republic of Poland. Administrative justice was revived in Poland on September 1, 1980, when the High Administrative Court, established under the law of January 31, 1980, began to operate.

The role of digital technologies in the public administration sphere

The article is devoted to highlighting the role of digital technologies in the public administration sphere, taking into account the modern experience of the EU countries. The methodological basis of the research is the institutional approach, which provides for ensuring the effectiveness of the interaction between the components of the institutional system and the mechanisms of its implementation and control over the use of digital technologies and makes it possible to create an effective network of relationships between all levels of the system horizontally and vertically, as well as to increase the efficiency of the entire system public administration and the quality of public services. The advantages of the implementation of digital technologies in public administration are highlighted, which makes it possible to: increase the efficiency of public administration, reduce administrative costs, improve the quality of public services and ensure their availability, and reduce the level of corruption. The results of the implementation of digitalization of public services in the EU countries were analyzed in accordance with the program for the implementation of digital measures within the framework of the Recovery and Sustainability Fund. The necessary directions for the activation of the implementation of digital technologies in the public administration system are substantiated.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВ: ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ

In the XXI century the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has completely changed the sphere of human existence and now defines the nature of interaction between society and the state. The sphere of public administration, thus, as well as many other spheres, is transformed and developed under the influence of artificial intelligence. The aim of the work is to investigate foreign experience in the field of research and practical implementation of artificial intelligence technology. A significant problem of the process of implementation of AI technology in public administration is the emphasis only on technological aspects, while the ethical and legal aspects are often given unjustifiably little attention, both in theoretical studies and in practice. That is why with the help of AI it is necessary to make updates in public administration, relying on those of its fundamental objectives, for which public administration was originally meant.

USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR SECURITY AUTOMATION OF MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL DOCUMENTS

Blockchain technology remains one of the hottest trends among financial, government and commercial organizations around the world. The article clarifies the main concepts and main characteristics of blockchain technology; today's topical areas of its application are shown. There has been given a detailed description of the problem of verification of educational documents in the real world, current attempts to solve them, their inherent shortcomings, as well as solving these problems using the development and implementation of an automated information system using blockchain technology is made. This is a system that will eliminate the possibility of falsification of educational documents and simplify work with them as much as possible. Technically, such a system guarantees the safety, authenticity and immutability of stored data; provides secure access with the possibility of optional extension of access rights to documents from the owners of the documents themselves. The application of blockchain technology ensures easy migration of existing data on issued educational documents, excluding any real physical actions from the preliminary preparation of data, as well as forgery of educational documents. The problem of the authenticity of the educational document is relevant for every participant in the educational process: the student, the educational institution, and the employer. The scientific novelty of blockchain technology lies in the relatively recent discovery and development of this technology, as well as its application in various spheres of life. The practical significance of blockchain technology lies in the fact that it can be implemented in already existing systems, make improvements to them, and also can be used as a platform that can support various types and types of devices and other technologies. With the growth of the number of participants, the network will only become safer and more reliable, thanks to the features of the blockchain, which will only strengthen the guarantees provided. The implementation of blockchain technology in the sphere of public administration of Ukraine, in particular in the sphere of education, will make it possible to ensure a high level of public trust in state structures, transparency of digital interaction between state bodies, citizens and business structures, saving budgetary resources through transparent public procurement and reducing the level of corruption. The further vector of development can be aimed at the commercialization of the system by providing various information services to persons interested in analyzing the data available in the system.

Імплементація технологій проєктного менеджменту у сфері публічного управління України в умовах кризи

The article is aimed at substantiating the prospects for improving public administration on the basis of project management in the context of aggravation of crisis phenomena in the national economy of Ukraine. Modernization of the modern system of territorial organization of power along with reinforcing of future victory by creating the foundation for strengthening Ukraine’s national security in the future is of great importance. In turn, this necessitates the study of project management technologies of public authorities, which are more focused on solving specific tasks both at the State level and at the level of the territorial community. Analyzing, systematizing and summarizing scientific research, the issue of improving the project approach in the sphere of public administration in Ukraine during the wartime was considered. As a result of the study, the main components of the project are characterized. The views of scientists on the characteristic features of project activities of public authorities are considered and generalized. Two groups of approaches to determining the characteristic features, which most informatively and effectively demonstrate the peculiarities of implementation of project activities in public administration bodies, have been allocated. The main directions of project activities in public administration are determined, taking into account wartime conditions. The prospects of using project management technologies in the sphere of public administration in Ukraine under conditions of crisis are outlined. The advantages provided by the use of new public administration model in accordance with the ideas of project management are indicated. Prospects for further research in this direction are the issues of training public administration sector employees to organize teamwork within the project, improving control over project implementation. The issues of ensuring the effective implementation of projects in the digital economy, the peculiarities of the project activities of public authorities in the context of the aggravation of the crisis in the national economy of Ukraine remain insufficiently studied

К вопросу о проблематике отечественной бюрократии: социально-философское рассмотрение

The article is an attempt at an unbiased assessment of the role of the Russian bureaucracy in the context of the socio-historical process. With all the diversity of the available theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of domestic bureaucracy, the analysis of historical facts shows that only a centrally soldered authoritarian model that ensures the realization of mobilization potential demonstrated effectiveness. In the course of the historical evolution of the state apparatus, a political and managerial tradition has been formed - a historically established, stable and repetitive system of norms and rules that determines the type of relations primarily within the political and administrative sphere. At the moment, the domestic bureaucracy is one of the main contradictions for the national social system, playing at the same time the role of thesis and antithesis. On the one hand, the established state administrative apparatus is organically connected with society and its destruction will inevitably lead to the social system to a systemic crisis, or even to a rapid collapse. On the other hand, the destructive influence of bureaucratization is obvious and boils down to the following points: 1) lack of flexibility and speed in decision-making, which is relevant for the modern rapidly changing world; 2) the tendency to minimize grassroots initiatives, about the possibilities of which the social majority does not have adequate ideas; 3) alienation between the population and administrative officials, increasingly closing in a separate group, which works against social unity and integrity.

A legal-historical contribution to the research of the office of praetor in Byzantium

The office of praetor in Byzantium represents a vestige of antiquity revived in the middle years of the reign of Justinian I. The paper offers a history of the function following the chronological timeline, as well as an analysis of the praetor?s competences in the judicial and administrative spheres. Firstly, relying on the few available sources up to the 10th century, it brings an overview of the praetor?s competences. In the 10th century, the praetor became a thematic judge, the supreme civil officer in the province, outranking the strategos, which is how most sources portray the praetor in the 11th and 12th centuries. The paper examines the praetor?s service in law and juxtaposes it with his authority as the supreme figure in the province. Simultaneously, in the 11th century, the praetor was part of the capital?s judiciary system, with a possible scope of duties in private law. The last known sources describe the praetor as the court?s official in contacts with the Latins.

Digitalization of Public Governance in Conditions of Netocratization of Society: the Legislative Framework of Ukraine

Today, information and communication technologies are widely used in all spheres of public life; state policy is gradually gaining publicity and social accessibility; it becomes possible for society to actively participate in globalization policies and processes; the digitalization of public services is globalized and covers the whole world, which indicates a netocratic vector of development of modern society. Given the pace of development of globalized e-democracy and the world’s efforts for socio-economic recovery, it is necessary to update the priorities of digital governance in order to increase trust in governments and state institutions, and for this it is necessary to create effective legislation that determines the possibility of forming a perfect governance system and regulatory state policy in the field of e-democracy. The article considers domestic legislative acts designed to regulate and streamline management processes in the conditions of netocracy of society, to ensure their consistency, stability, balance (laws of Ukraine: «On Information », «On Information Protection in Information and Communication Systems», «On the National Informatization Program», «On Electronic Documents and Electronic Document Management», «On Electronic Digital Signature», «On Electronic Trust Services», «On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individuals – Enterprises and Public Formations», «On telecommunications», «On the licensing system in the field of economic activity», «On the Fundamentals of the Development of the Information Society in Ukraine for 2007–2015», «On the Protection of Personal Data», etc.). An analysis of the indicated domestic legislative framework indicates a quantitative growth and improvement of regulatory documents covering the digital spheres of public administration. It has been established that the issue of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with world legal norms remains important.

The Police Control over the Observance by Citizens of the Russian Federation of the Conditions of Storage (Safety) of Firearms at the Place of Residence

The object of the study is the social relations developing in the sphere of circulation of civilian firearms. The subject of the study is the organization of state control over the provision by citizens of the Russian Federation of the conditions of storage (safety) of civilian firearms at the place of residence and the activities of the police as a subject of the type of state control under consideration. The paper gives a brief description of state control as a guarantee of the effectiveness of any legal activity. The role and importance of the police in the implementation of state control in the sphere of arms trafficking is determined and justified, the forms and methods of the type of state control under consideration, the subjects and objects of its implementation are substantiated. The author provides an original view on the problem of crime prevention as the main area of police activity on the example of the sphere of arms trafficking in its relationship with state control of ensuring storage conditions by citizens of the Russian Federation (safety) of firearms at the place of residence. The argument is given about the instrumental importance of state control in the system of prevention of offenses in the sphere of arms trafficking, the continuity and integrity of state control in a single sphere of public administration. As a conclusion, the paper presents a problem that requires resolution, the development of more advanced mechanisms for the organization of state control in the field of arms trafficking.

Information Security of the State Under Conditions of Hybrid Warfare: Mechanisms of Ensuring

Taking into account the tendencies of democratization and informatization of all sectors of the economy and spheres of public administration, and, accordingly, the increase in information risks, the vast majority of countries in the world today go through a series of stages of ensuring information security. Despite the legislatively established powers of the relevant state authorities and local self-government in this area, the issues of defining their competence and effective interaction are real and effective guarantees of preventing a variety of information threats to national security as in this case effective and timely ways of eliminating existing dangers are provided. Given that large-scale invasions and hybrid wars can cause catastrophic harm and undermine public confidence in the government, the state must make quick decisions. Consequently, establishing an effective mechanism for ensuring information security has become more relevant than ever nowadays. The purpose of the academic paper is to clarify the theoretical fundamentals, as well as the components, directions and other critical practical aspects of the process of ensuring the state’s information security under conditions of hybrid warfare. Methodology. In the course of the research, abstraction, idealization, system-structural, comparative, logical-linguistic methods, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction were used to process scientific information on issues of the state’s information security. Results. Based on the research results, the features of the process of ensuring the state’s information security in a hybrid war were studied and certain practical aspects of this issue were clarified.

Ensuring Autonomy of Decision-Making by Artificial Intelligence for the Purposes of Legal Public Relations.

Within the framework of this article, a comparative analysis of existing approaches is carried out to determine the basic conditions for ensuring the autonomy of AI in the context of public legal relations of foreign countries and Russia. As part of the comparative analysis, the basic problems in the field of AI decision-making transparency in world practice, practical situations of integrating non-transparent AI into the sphere of public legal relations in foreign countries, as well as possible compensatory legal measures that ensure the safe integration of AI into the sphere of public administration in Russia are being investigated. The subject of the study is the formalization of the actions of artificial intelligence as a representative of a government body. The object of the research is normative documents, recommendations and other documents regulating the implementation of AI autonomy for the purposes of public legal relations in Russia and foreign countries, judicial practice, academic publications on the issues under study. The research methodology integrates a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, hermeneutical, comparative legal, formal legal (dogmatic), etc. Within the framework of this study, special emphasis is placed on the implementation of a comparative legal study of the phenomenon of AI autonomy, which implements public functions based on the experience of various states. The measures proposed as a result of the study can be applied in the legislative and law enforcement practice of the relevant authorities implementing the integration of artificial intelligence into the sphere of public relations in Russia.

The Place of E-Government in the Public Administration System

This article examines the place of e-government in the system of public administration. The topic's relevance is due to the universal digitalization of public relations, including the sphere of public administration. E-government is a new format of interaction between the state and society based on the use of modern information and communication technologies, which needs theoretical justification. The methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, deduction, and induction, as well as methods of description, comparison, and analysis of secondary data, are used in the work. The article reflects on the issue of the development of e-government in Russia. The object of this study is the social relations that arise during the creation and functioning of the e-government system. The author formulates the conclusion that e-government in the Russian Federation is in continuous development and is also an important tool for the development of the digital economy, which requires a revision of the digital skills of civil servants. At the moment, there is already a trend toward training personnel for digital public administration. It is revealed that in the Russian Federation, e-government, which is an important tool for the development of the digital economy, is in continuous development. There is already a tendency to transition to electronic records. To get the maximum benefit from digital transformations in public administration, a new approach to the formation of the competencies of a modern civil servant is required because the lack of the necessary level of training can serve as a serious barrier to improving the efficiency of public administration. Information technologies are dynamic and rapidly undergoing changes. As a result, the existing requirements for civil servants cease to be relevant in the period of digital transformation. The legislation of the Russian Federation defines that the requirements for the knowledge, skills, and skills of civil servants are established by official regulations. Therefore, the competence model should be adapted for each specific position, taking into account the specifics of the activities of the authority.

Метавселенные и государства: вместе и порознь

Introduction: the introduction of digital technologies into the sphere of politics and public administration has long ceased to be an innovation. The “digital” shift since 2012 has become the main trend in raising the efficiency of management processes. The dynamic development of digital technologies requires a flexible response and skillful adaptation of authorities to innovations. Since 2021, Web 3.0 technologies have become the main focus of attention, both in the scientific community and among managers, IT specialists and heads of commercial companies. A special position among the new generation of innovations is assigned to the metaverse, the development of which is linked to the fundamental transformations of all sectors of life, including public administration. Objectives: to identify the existing problems and prospects for the introduction of metaverses in the practices of public administration in Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China. Methods: comparative analysis, document analysis, case study, institutional approach, rating. Results: a correlation between a high level of public administration efficiency and the development of digital technologies has been revealed. The introduction of metaverses into public administration depends on the specific political regime and the strategies of the ruling actors. It is shown that there is an increased public sector interest to the NFT and the metaverse in Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China. These countries have been the first to actively introduce Web 3.0 at the state level. Conclusions: the introduction of metaverses demonstrates a high level of adaptivity of the political regime to innovation and its constant support for new technological developments. Metaverses are likely to become a key factor in the creation of national strategies and goals for Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China in the coming years. The governments of the countries under study are aware of the importance of introducing advanced technologies in the digital race, their desire to take a leading position in this direction being already reflected in numerous strategic documents they have adopted