Education Spending Research Articles

Health Disparities Among Family Decision-Makers in China: An Ordered Probit Analysis of the China Family Panel Studies.

The family decision-makers serve as the backbone of the family, and their health status warrants consideration. This study aims to explore how the health status of this group of people, namely the family decision-making group, is affected, and to delve into the mechanisms of influence based on this. The goal is to provide reliable evidence and strategies for the health management of the family decision-makers group, contributing to the achievement of the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline. Drawing on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study utilizes an Ordered Probit Model to analyze and compare the health status of family decision-makers and non-decision-makers. The findings indicate that decision-makers tend to experience poorer health outcomes than other family members, with increased pressure related to decision-making identified as a significant contributor to their declining health. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the negative effect is less pronounced in households with higher net worth but more pronounced in those with more significant housing, education, and medical spending pressures. Moreover, this study analysis highlights that enhancing individual or family socioeconomic status can alleviate the adverse health effects experienced by family decision-makers. The study reveals the presence of certain health adverse effects among family decision-makers. The implications drawn from this research hold significance for the health management of this demographic, underscoring the necessity for tailored interventions aimed at addressing the distinctive challenges confronted by this group.

The Impact of Special Autonomy Fiscal Policy on Papua's Economic Development

Economic development needs to be viewed as a process that is interrelated, and interconnected and mutually influences the factors that produce development itself. The movement of economic development in a region is indicated by regional economic growth in that region. It is believed that Papua's economic growth can be stimulated by the special autonomy fiscal policy implemented by the Papua government. This research aims to analyze the impact of fiscal policy through education spending from special autonomy funding sources together with other economic variables on Papua's economic growth by applying the Neoclassical Solow growth model and the growth model from Mankiw. This research was conducted using secondary data from nine districts/cities in Papua Province in the 2013-2021 period which used panel data regression and for analysis using the Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) approach with either the Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) model or the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model. The research results show that education spending variables and other economic variables have a significant impact on spurring Papua's economic growth. This shows that the special autonomy fiscal policy can drive Papua's economic development

Pengaruh Belanja Pemerintah Bidang Pendidikan, Kesehatan dan PDRB Terhadap IPM di Provinsi Jawa Tengah (Studi Kasus 35 Kab/kota Provinsi Jawa Tengah)

The current focus of development is more on human development. Through improving the quality of human resources, it can improve social welfare and state development. For this reason, the government is trying to improve the quality of human development through budget allocations in the health and education sectors which continue to increase every year. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of government spending on education, health, and gross regional domestic products (GRDP) on the human development index in 35 districts/cities of Central Java province in 2014-2019. The type of data used is secondary data in 35 districts/cities in Central Java from 2014-2019. The analysis method used in this research is panel data regression using Fixed Effect Model (FEM) with Generalized Least Square (GLS) weighting. The results in this study are the health spending and GRDP variables have no significant effect on HDI, while the education spending variable has a significant effect on HDI.

Impact of Public Expenditure on Education in Chhattisgarh

This paper objective to investigate the correlation between public spending on education and the growth of the state of Chhattisgarh. Time-series data spanning from 2000 to 2021 was utilised. Public expenditure has several effects in economy. It can increase economic growth. It can increase social welfare. It is directly expected education is helps Positive Social change of citizen. The result shows that total public expenditure and Education expenditure is highly and statistically significant on economic growth indicator such as GER and DOR in primary level in Chhattisgarh.Public expenditure helps in achieving equitable distribution income and promote growth and welfare. The findings indicate that total public spending and education spending have a statistically significant and positive impact on economic growth indicators like the state's Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) and the percentage of primary school dropout children (DOR) at the primary level. Education is directly expected to contribute to citizens' positive social transformation. The study's findings show that public spending on education and economic growth are correlated over the long term. Over time, there is a found unidirectional causal relationship between public education spending and Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP).

Public Education Spending Efficiency: the Effect of Economic, Institutional, and Political Factors in the MENA Region

This paper aims to determine the public spending efficiency in primary, secondary, and tertiary education and to study the effect of institutional, political, and economic factors in the MENA region for the period 1998-2018. A non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach is used to assess efficiency. The results show that MENA countries are more performers in primary education despite that they spend considerably on secondary and tertiary education. A Censored Tobit regression model is adopted to analyze the determinants of public education efficiency. Many indicators affect efficiency, but primary education efficiency is more sensitive.

The Contribution of Local Government Finance to the Islamic Human Development Index

This research aims to analyze the Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI) scores in East Kalimantan Province for the period 2017-2022 and investigate the impact of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) in the fields of education, health, and the economy on IHDI and its dimensions (Ad-Dien, Al-'Aql, An-Nafs, An-Nasl, and Al-Maal). This research method is quantitative descriptive, involving the calculation of IHDI scores and its forming indices using appropriate formulas. Hypothesis testing is conducted through simple linear regression analysis. The research results indicate that the IHDI in East Kalimantan Province is generally categorized as a high level of human development, despite experiencing fluctuations with a predominance of improvement. Specifically, the APBD has an influence on the IHDI score, with education spending affecting the Index of Ad-Dien and Al-'Aql, health spending affecting the Index of An-Nafs and An-Nasl, and economic spending affecting the Index of Al-Maal

The Role of Educational Coupons in Financing Public Education Institutions in Saudi Arabia

The study aimed to diagnose the role of the use of educational coupons in supporting the financing of public education institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to diagnose its role in developing the educational environment in these institutions. The researchers used the descriptive survey method, based on a questionnaire they prepared for this purpose, its validity and reliability were measured. Distributed to a sample of (85) principals in secondary schools in Hafr Al-Batin Governorate, the study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: the total axes of the study obtained a “high” degree of approval with an arithmetic average (4.08). The study also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample members about the role of using educational coupons in supporting the financing of public education institutions in Saudi Arabia, as well as the role of using them in developing the educational environment due to the variable of gender or the variable years of service. Based on these results, the researchers recommended for the Ministry of Education to implement educational coupons, as it is one of the forms of financing public education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and an important financing public education in it. Keywords: Coupons, education financing, education spending, public education institutions, Saudi Arabia.

Efektivitas Perencanaan Anggaran dan Koordinasi Terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran Belanja Pendidikan

Education has a very important role in the development of a country, because quality education is the foundation of sustainable social and economic development. The aim is to analyze the effectiveness of budget planning and coordination on the absorption of the education expenditure budget. The research method used is a literature study or Library Research with a qualitative approach. Based on the literature review in this article, it can be concluded as follows (1) Budget planning affects the effectiveness of the absorption of the education expenditure budget. (2) Coordination affects the effectiveness of the absorption of the education expenditure budget. Keywords: budget planning, coordination, education spending budget

Impact of Government Educational Spending on Total Productivity and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Education is an essential tool for human development since it increases a country’s potential for economic growth and productivity. For this reason, policy officials in both advanced and growing nations, as well as education experts, have made education a top priority. Despite the existence of a theoretical relationship between growth and education investment, there is no empirical agreement regarding their relationship. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ascertain how education spending affected Nigeria’s overall productivity and economic growth between 1981 and 2021. Penn World Table (9.5) and the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2021) were the secondary sources of data used in this study. Multiple regression analysis was used in the study to examine how government education investment affects overall productivity and economic growth. The study’s conclusions demonstrate, among other things, the favorable and substantial effects of public education spending on productivity and economic growth. It also demonstrates that health spending has a positive and considerable impact on productivity; yet, when it comes to its effect on economic growth, the impact is positive but negligible. The report suggests that in order to boost overall productivity and economic growth, the government should invest more money on education

Education Spending in Africa: The Impacts of COVID-19 and Possible Recovery Pathways

Education Spending in Africa: The Impacts of COVID-19 and Possible Recovery Pathways

Javno obrazovanje, stalni rashodi i produktivnost u industrijskom sektoru u Nigeriji

The debate on whether governments should increase their human capital investment is a popular topic within the realm of economics. This research seeks to solve this issue by looking into the importance of productivity in the manufacturing output as well as the function of productive expenditure. The study examines how the recurrent expenditure of public education in Nigeria between 1981 and 2019 affected manufacturing productivity. The study employed the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) approach to analyse the relationship between public education recurrent expenditure, public health spending, trade openness, inflation rate, and the output of the manufacturing sector. The study reveals that public education recurrent expenditure is not significantly associated with manufacturing productivity. According to the study, the government should also concentrate on implementing policy frameworks aimed at improving manufacturing sector productivity by targeting public recurrent education spending.

THE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION (WAEMU)

Since the end of the 1980s, most developing countries, particularly those in the WAEMU, have resorted to foreign capital, notably Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a new source of financing. The general observation is that WAEMU countries have difficulty mobilizing and taking advantage of the opportunities offered by foreign capital to initiate their development. The aim of this research is to show the contribution of FDI to the human capital accumulation in WAEMU countries. So, the effects of foreign direct investment and public education spending on human capital are analyses. The data used cover the period 2000-2020 where countries have implemented structural adjustment programs. In order to highlight the effects of foreign direct investments on human capital in the WAEMU, after a theoretical and empirical discussion on foreign direct investments on human capital, an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model was constructed. The results show that foreign direct investment have a positive significant impact on human capital, which, in terms of economic policy implications means that FDI are means of improving the accumulation of human capital in WAEMU.

Asymmetric Analysis of the Impact of Foreign Capital Inflows on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Foreign capital inflows remain volatile and their impact on economic growth remains uncertain due to persistent challenges relating to policy inconsistence insufficient infrastructure and fluctuations in Global oil price. The volatility of these inflows posed challenges, raises concern on their impact on economic growth. This study examined the impact of foreign capital inflows on economic growth in Nigeria from 1990 – 2023.The variables of interest are real gross domestic product (RGDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), remittance (REM) foreign portfolio investment (FPI) official development assistance (ODA) external debt (ED) government expenditure on health (GEH) and government expenditure on education (GEE).This study employed a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed lag (NARDL) model and Granger causality test. The finding from the NARDL model showed that Foreign Direct Investment, Remittances, Official Development Aid, External Debt, government expenditure on health, and government expenditure on education all exhibit substantial impacts, with positive changes in these variables associated with increased economic growth, and negative changes leading to decreased economic growth in both short and long run period. The finding further revealed significant asymmetric impacts between Foreign Direct Investment, Remittances, Official Development Aid, government expenditure on health, and government expenditure on education with exception of External debt in the short run .This study recommends that to unlock Nigeria’s full growth potential, policymakers should boost absorptive capacity of the economy through improve infrastructure, security, and legal frameworks to effectively utilize incoming capital and accelerate sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, prioritize health and education spending to develop a skilled and healthy workforce, ultimately boosting domestic activity and productivity.

Relationship Between World Happiness Index, Hoefstede Cultural Dimensions And Government Education Spending

The author analyzes the interplay between the World Happiness Index and a nuanced array of seven variables in this research. Specifically, the focus extends to the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions, encompassing six distinct facets and the financial allocations dedicated to government education spending. The author starts with a literature survey on the profound domains of happiness and wellbeing. Building upon this foundation, the author posits the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions and Government Education Expenditures as prospective variables that may yield a discernible influence on the World Happiness Index. A dataset spanning 58 countries and analytical methodologies of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) regression are used to test this conjecture. The outcome of this study reveals compelling insights into the association between the World Happiness Index and the identified variables. The results underscore a discernible relationship between the World Happiness Index and specific dimensions of cultural orientation, such as individualism, long-term orientation, and indulgence. Furthermore, the study reveals that government investment in education is another factor influencing the overarching landscape of happiness. These findings transcend mere statistical findings; they serve as beacons of knowledge with far-reaching implications for education policymakers, educators, and individuals interested in understanding the complexities of cultural variations, educational dynamics, and overall wellbeing. The implications of this research can offer relevant information to those who navigate the intricate intersections of cultural diversity, education policy, and the pursuit of societal happiness, such as education policymakers, educators and anyone interested in the issues of cultural differences, education, and wellbeing.

The impact of austerity on children: Uncovering effect heterogeneity by political, economic, and family factors in low- and middle-income countries

Which children are most vulnerable when their government imposes austerity? Research tends to focus on either the political-economic level or the family level. Using a sample of nearly two million children in 67 countries, this study synthesizes theories from family sociology and political science to examine the heterogeneous effects on child poverty of economic shocks following the implementation of an International Monetary Fund (IMF) program. To discover effect heterogeneity, we apply machine learning to policy evaluation. We find that children's average probability of falling into poverty increases by 14 percentage points. We find substantial effect heterogeneity, with family wealth and governments' education spending as the two most important moderators. In contrast to studies that emphasize the vulnerability of low-income families, we find that middle-class children face an equally high risk of poverty. Our results show that synthesizing family and political factors yield deeper knowledge of how economic shocks affect children.

Public education expenditure and corporate human capital: Evidence from China

The coordinated development of public education spending, human capital accumulation, and economic growth is a prerequisite for the virtuous cycle of regional economic development. The research results indicate that provincial-level public education expenditure has a positive impact on corporate human capital expenditure, and this impact is more pronounced in the western regions and non-state-owned enterprises. Based on this, the Chinese government should establish a long-term mechanism to ensure a certain level of public education investment in the future.

PENGARUH BELANJA PENDIDIKAN, BELANJA KESEHATAN DAN BELANJA INFRASTRUKTUR TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN TAHUN 2013 – 2022

Quality development does not merely reflect economic growth, but also refers to improving people's welfare as the main goal of development. A key role in achieving this goal is given to human development, which plays a vital role in improving people's welfare. Assessment of the level of community welfare generally uses certain indicators, and one of them is the Human Development Index (HDI). Government intervention in promoting human development is reflected in the allocation of functional expenditure on three main functions, namely health, education and infrastructure. The results show that partially, health spending has a negative but insignificant influence on welfare improvement. Meanwhile, infrastructure spending shows a positive but insignificant effect. On the other hand, education spending has a significant positive effect on improving community welfare. Overall, the three types of expenditure simultaneously had a significant effect on improving the Human Development Index in South Sulawesi Province. The implications of these findings can assist the government and stakeholders in designing more effective policies to accelerate human development and improve community welfare at the regional level.

Funding High-poverty School Districts: Federal Policy Tools and the Limits of Incentives

Abstract What can the federal government do to help ensure that the public schools attended by children living in poverty have enough resources to serve their students? In this brief, we describe existing federal efforts to support education spending in high-poverty districts, discuss their limitations, and suggest alternative approaches for federal policy. We focus especially on the Education Finance Incentive Grant (EFIG) formula—a part of the compensatory Title I grant program designed to encourage changes to state school finance policy—and show that the incentives embedded in the formula are in fact negligible; revising the formula to be more effective would be difficult. Further, any attempt to incentivize desirable state policy faces a fundamental trade-off: Such policy can reinforce inequality because districts in states that do not respond to the incentives by adopting desirable policies also do not receive (as much) federal funding. We argue that federal policy should be more attentive to state fiscal capacity because it is an important determinant of district-level school spending, and the federal government is uniquely positioned to address between-state inequality.

Determinan Perencanaan Pembangunan Manusia Di Pulau Jawa

The quality of human resources has an important contribution to the success of development in the context of increasing people's welfare. This research aims to identify the factors that make a major contribution to the increase in the HDI and examine the effect of poverty and unemployment on the achievement of quality human resource development. By using secondary data sources sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance as well as the EViews analysis tool, the research results show that life expectancy, expected length of schooling, average length of schooling, spending per capita have a significant effect on the development of the quality of human resources on the island of Java. Meanwhile, poverty and unemployment have a negative impact on the development of the quality of human resources on the island of Java. The results of this research might be become a foundation for policy makers to explore education spending and health spending instruments to improve the quality of human resources. The results of the research also show that quality human resources are able to improve people's welfare through economic development, reducing poverty and unemployment. Keywords: Human development; economic development; education; health; poverty; unemployment

Multifaceted Regional Educational Inequality: Evidence from Türkiye

ABSTRACT Educational equality is a priority in sustaining economic and human development. This study examines regional educational inequality in Türkiye by considering educational attainment, income distribution, and education spending. Average years of schooling improved in all regions between 2008 and 2020. The Education Gini and Theil indexes indicate diminishing intra-regional inequality while significant inter-regional differences persist. The income Gini coefficient was unexpectedly found to be negatively correlated with equality in educational attainment for the country and three regions. The results also show the disproportionate dominance of the top income group in the distribution of education spending and the share of education in consumption expenditures. The growing gap in educational expenditures between the top and last quintiles accompanies rising educational attainment. The recent achievement in educational attainment needs to be followed by new programs that address social and spatial educational inequality in Türkiye.