Spending Free Time Research Articles

Analysis of the Influence of Age, BMI, and WHtR on Body Mass Acceptance, Attitudes, and Motivation towards Body Mass Reduction in Overweight and Obese Caucasian Women.

The emotional consequences of excessive body mass, associated with body image and acceptance, have become a global public health challenge as they may decrease the general well-being and hinder weight loss in overweight and obese individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the influence of age, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on body mass acceptance, attitudes, and motivation toward body mass reduction in overweight and obese Caucasian women with excessive abdominal fat. The previously validated BodyMass–DRama (Body Mass–Dietary Restrictions: Acceptance, Motivation, Attitudes) questionnaire was applied in this study. The declared acceptance, attitudes and motivation towards body mass reduction were compared between subgroups based on age (20–40, 40–50, and 50–60 years), BMI (25.0–30.0, 30.0–35.0, and ≥35.0 kg/m2), and quartiles of WHtR. The age, BMI and WHtR were stated to be associated with declared acceptance, attitudes, and motivation towards body mass reduction. The different age groups indicated the following as the reasons for excessive body mass: young respondents—low physical activity and consumption of sweets; middle-aged ones—large/irregular meals; aging ones—large/irregular meals and low physical activity (p = 0.0161). While describing motivation toward body mass reduction, young respondents indicated the role of a physician or dietitian (p = 0.0012) or someone who can control them (p = 0.0044), as well as their expectation to be more successful at work after body mass reduction (p = 0.0045), while the aging ones indicated appreciation and plaudits from others (p = 0.0264) as a motivating factor. Respondents with the highest BMI declared having spending free time actively constricted (p = 0.0007); they declared more often than others of feeling exhausted (p = 0.0395) or tired all the time (p = 0.0445), but less often of feeling full of joy (p = 0.0457) or full of energy (p <0.0001). Respondents with moderate WHtR declared less often than others that they expect to enjoy socializing (p = 0.0376), but more often to be able to have a better vacation after body mass reduction (p = 0.0128), while those with the lowest WHtR expected to be more physically active (p = 0.0487). Women with the highest WHtR most commonly indicated external pressure from relatives or co-workers as a motivating factor for body mass reduction (p = 0.0435). Due to these differences between Caucasian women with excessive body mass, the approach of physicians and dietitians, as well as methods applied to motivate patients, need to be customized.

Linking Personality With Interpersonal Perception in the Classroom: Distinct Associations With the Social and Academic Sides of Popularity

We investigated associations between the Big Five personality traits and interpersonal perception in the classroom. Extending earlier studies, we differentiate interpersonal perception by domain (social vs. academic) and the interpersonal roles of targets (popularity) and perceivers (preference). In a round-robin design, 358 students rated all classmates in the social (spending free time together) and academic domains (doing academic tasks together). Results from a Bayesian social relations model highlighted the roles of agreeableness and extraversion for interpersonal perception. Neuroticism was linked to rating classmates favorably in the social and academic domains and conscientiousness to being rated favorably in the academic domain. Investigating interpersonal perception by domain and interpersonal role provided univocal results on the distinctive links between personality and interpersonal perception.

Quality of Life of Patients Subjected to Specific Allergen Immunotherapy

&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; At present, allergic diseases are some of the most common chronic diseases affecting all spheres of human life. The only form of causative treatment of allergic diseases, apart from elimination of the sensitizing factor, is the specific allergen immunotherapy. The symptoms of allergic diseases can cause a number of consequences, including reduction of patient activity, negatively affect social relationships, ways of spending free time, and also cause sleep disorders. Assessing the quality of life in allergic diseases provides us with knowledge of the patient’s psychological and social functioning, and is a valuable addition to the review of the effectiveness of treatment for allergic diseases, allowing us to assess the patient’s overall well-being. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aim of the study:&lt;/b&gt; The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life of patients using specific allergen immunotherapy. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Material and methods:&lt;/b&gt; 128 subjects were included in the study, but 100 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The study group was comprised of patients undergoing specific allergen immunotherapy over the age of 18 years. In this paper a diagnostic survey was used as a research method. The tools used are the standard questionnaire SF-36 and the questionnaire survey. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In the present study, it was observed that the overall quality of life of people affected by allergic diseases, as measured by the SF-36 questionnaire, can be assessed as quite good. Respondents subjected to specific allergen immunotherapy consider this method of treatment positively influencing their health as they reduce the symptoms of allergies. As many as 91% of the respondents think that specific immunotherapy affects them to reduce the symptoms of allergies. It has also been shown that the length of therapy has no effect on reducing the symptoms of allergies. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The overall quality of life of patients is quite good, best evaluated in the domains of physical fitness, limitation of activity caused by emotional problems and changes in health status. Researchers positively evaluate the effect of immunotherapy on their health as it reduces the symptoms of allergies. Respondents have little knowledge about how to prevent exposure to allergens. Despite a positive assessment of the effectiveness of immunotherapy, the vast majority of respondents feel the need for additional antihistamines.

Park Krajobrazowy Podlaski Przełom Bugu jako destynacja gospodarstw domowych

Wśród wielu funkcji jakie pełnią gospodarstwa domowe, można wymienić między innymi funkcję mającą na celu zagospodarowanie czasu wolnego poszczególnych jego członków. Metoda i narzędzia pozwalające na realizację tej funkcji oraz sam fakt ilości czasu wolnego wpływają na jakość życia. W dużej mierze możliwości zagospodarowania czasu wolnego zależą od poziomu osiąganych dochodów w gospodarstwie, jego sytuacji ekonomicznej. Obszar Parku Krajobrazowego Podlaski Przełom Bugu to jeden z celów podróży na tereny wschodniej Polski. Celem artykułu jest określenie głównych czynników determinujących podejmowanie aktywności turystycznej oraz ocena czynników wpływających, zdaniem respondentów, na atrakcyjność turystyczną tego parku. Postawiono hipotezę, iż w opinii usługobiorców najważniejszym czynnikiem jest położenie w pobliżu stadniny koni w Janowie Podlaskim. Dla realizacji celu i weryfikacji postawionej hipotezy przeprowadzone zostały badania ankietowe na grupie 103 kierowników gospodarstw domowych korzystających z usług turystycznych na tym terenie w okresie kwiecień–czerwiec 2017 roku.

Helping out on the land: Effects of children's role in agriculture on reported psychological restoration

The relationship between spending time in nature and obtaining restorative benefits seems to vary with several factors. This study assessed whether children who help out on their families' farm (n = 183) experience less restoration when spending free time in agricultural natural areas than those whose relationship with these same areas is merely recreational (n = 179). A multiple mediator regression model revealed that children who help out on the land report experiencing less restoration while spending free time in agricultural areas than those who only spend free time in them. In concordance with the spatial interdependence hypothesis, this effect is partly due to a lower sense of being away physically and psychologically. These findings show the importance of factors other than physical characteristics for children's restorative experiences.

Computer as an Active Form of Spending Free Time by children

Nowadays free time is of great importance in the life of individuals. It is an intrinsic aspect of life, necessary for the proper functioning of a person. Modern civilization throws temptations of passive rest and sedentary entertainment especially the use of a computer. As reality suggests, one of the most popular forms of spending free time by teenagers is „meeting” in a virtual space. Spending free time by young people on social networking sites has become an integral part of their lives. Pilot studies are presented in this article, they concern different ways of spending free time of young people with the special consideration of using the computer and the internet. The diversity in ways of spending free time has been analysed in these studies according to the age ranges of young people and diverse territorial environments. The researches that served to collect the empirical material, were conducted in 3 big towns, 3 medium-sized towns, 3 small towns, and 3 rural districts. It was pointed out that irrational use of computer and internet by young people causes real danger for the health and the functioning of a child. Moreover, due to the lack of full social maturity, young people are easily influenced by others, also those impelling undesirable behaviours.

SCHOOL CONDUCT AND ACHIEVEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF BEHAVIOUR DISORDERS WITH ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

The aim of this research is to find the connection between school conduct and achievement and behaviour disorders with elementary school children (N=242) and to establish its predictive values. The research’s aim is linked to planning of adequate interventions for elementary school children at risk or with already evident behaviour disorders based on the obtained indicators. The results have shown that there is a connection between school conduct and smoking as a problematic form of behaviour, while the connection between school achievement and behaviour disorders has not been shown as statistically significant. The applicative value of the obtained results is shown through the identification of guidelines for preventive interventions on the level of the local community. It is also shown through guidelines for the production and implementation of different programmes in the area of school education and spending free time (sports activities).

Społeczeństwo informacyjne a gospodarowanie czasem wolnym. Etyczne konsekwencje desakralizacji życia społecznego

The author of this article has analyzed the problem of planning and spending free time bymembers of the post-industrial society. The commerce, as exchange of information, createsnew conditions for customs in the marketplace and in the community. These factors have considerable influence on the change in the lifestyle of modern society. This is a problem for Polish society as well. Because we observe changes in ways ofearning money and changes in social structure, the issue is related to the form of experiencingsacrum. So two questions arise: What does it mean in present day? And how will it affect thesocial perception of spiritual needs? The author of this text tries to answer the abovementioned questions.

FREE TIME OF THE CHILDREN IN LOWER GRADES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

The goal of this research paper is examining the extent end way of spending free time of lower classes primary students, as well as to define the attitudes of teacher and parents towards students’ free time. This research had been done in Osnovna škola KŠC ¨Sveti Pavao¨ Zenica and Osnovna škola ¨Meša Selimović¨ Zenica in two fourth-grade classes each. A 101 student, 91 parent and 4 teachers are used as a research sample. The results of this research may be useful for creating a program of educational work with students and parents for the purpose of better planning and spending students’ free time. Key words: free time, relaxation, recreation, methods, school accomplishment.

The Social Factors Implicated in Cigarette Smoking in a Jordanian Community

Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among scholars and university students in Jordan. The aim of this study is to discover the environmental factors and social influences that motivate Jordanian students to smoke and to recommend adequate programs in order to stop adolescents from smoking. A questionnaire of (28) items was designed to assess students and professor's attitudes towards smoking, the sample of the study consisted of(851) participants from different levels in a community nearby Al-Isra Private University. The study also attempted to examine the effects of the following factors: social status, age, gender, parental education and mode of spending free time, having parents, siblings, friends and teachers who smoke. The results show that the proportion of smokers to nonsmokers was of (33:67). The first cigarette smoked by 65% of the sample, was before the age of 18 years and 88.5% was before the age of 21 years. The environmental factors and social influences that motivate students to smoke were related to teachers and friends behavior. The major reasons to start smoking were to try something new and Spending free time with friends more than with family. Also Health disturbances suffered by smokers (fatigue, stress, frustration and depression) were as two times greater compared to nonsmokers. Desire to quit smoking among participants were very high and there was a positive correlation between nonsmokers and high level of education. Desire were greatly negative to have smoker mate = 93%, smoker children = 96% or smoker friends = 87%. In conclusion the increased rate of smoking before age of 18 years indicates that smoking prevention programs need to be started at an earlier age. The risk factors of smoking onset are subject to modification and families must be aware of the potential risks of certain ways of spending time and modifying attitudes.

Laisvalaikio tipologizavimo problema

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama laisvalaikio tipologizavimo problema. Straipsno pirmoji dalis buvo skirta aptarti statinei laisvalaikio būklei, o antroji dalis – dinaminei, kuri kelia daugiau metodologinio pobūdžio klausimų ir problemų. Tipologijos sudarymas pirmiausia susijęs su teorija, bet svarbus vaidmuo tenka ir empiriniams tyrimams. Teigiama, kad yra dviejų tipų pastovumai – dinaminis ir statinis; juos nustatyti būtina tam, kad esamomis vienodomis sąlygomis jie nekistų. Autorius siekia atskleisti, kokie veiksniai labiausiai sąlygoja skirtingą laisvalaikio leidimą ir nuo ko priklauso vienodas laisvalaikis. Išskiriami ir aptariami trijų tipų veiksnių kompleksai: išorinių, objektyvių veiksnių (gyvenamoji vieta, tradicijos); patiems individams bei jų grupėms būdingų objektyvių veiksnių (demografinės sąlygos, klasinė bei profesinė padėtis, darbo pobūdis ir kt.); subjektyvių veiksnių (vertybinės orientacijos, individualios psichinės savybės). Dėl elementarių priežasčių, susijusių su kartų kaita, socialinėmis gyvenimo sąlygomis, ekonominių priežasčių, darbo pobūdžio, vieni laisvalaikio leidimo tipai išnyksta, kiti atsiranda, todėl laisvalaikio leidimas per tam tikrą laiką pakinta, nors kartais ir visai nežymiai.