Speed Of Sound Data Research Articles

Volumetric and acoustic properties of amino acids L-Leucine and L-Serine in aqueous solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) at different temperatures and concentrations

The physicochemical properties of amino acids like L-Leucine and L-Serine in aqueous solution of ammonium dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP) at different temperature analysed by volumetric and acoustic methods. By using density data, apparent molar volume Vϕ, partial molar volume Vϕ0 and standard partial molar volume of transfer ΔVϕ0 have been evaluated. From speed of sound data, apparent molar isentropic compression Kϕ,s apparent partial molar isentropic compression Kϕ,s0 and partial molar isentropic compression of transfer ΔKϕ,so have been calculated. The pair and triplet interaction coefficient have also been calculated. The results have been interpreted in terms of solute–solute and solvent–solvent interactions.

Exploration of the solvation behavior of the synthesized 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C6mim][Br] ionic liquid with L-cysteine and N-acetyl L-cysteine) in aqueous medium at different temperatures

The interactions of L-cysteine and N-acetyl L-cysteine with imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C6mim] [Br] as a function of temperature have been studied by a combination of volumetric and acoustic properties. Densities and speeds of the sound of L-cysteine and N-acetyl L-cysteine in (0.00, 0.005, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) mol.kg−1 aqueous solutions of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide have been measured at T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K. From density data, the apparent molar volume (Vϕ) the partial molar volume (Vϕ0) and standard partial molar volumes of transfer (ΔVϕ0) for L-cysteine and N-acetyl L-cysteine from water to aqueous 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide solutions have been calculated. Partial molar isentropic compression (Kϕ,s) and partial molar isentropic compression of transfer (ΔKϕ, S0) have been calculated from the speed of sound data. The pair and triplet interaction coefficient have been calculated from both these properties. The parameters obtained have been used to describe the results in terms of (solute-solute), (solute-solvent) interactions, structure building and structure floating behavior of amino acids in aqueous 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide solutions.

Insight into intermolecular interactions and hydration properties of biologically active amino acids in aqueous solutions of cefepime: volumetric, compressibility and viscometric studies

The measurement of density, speed of sound and viscosity of an amino acid and its dipeptide i.e., glycine and glycylglycine in aqueous solution of antibiotic drug cefepime has been carried out at various temperatures. The density and speed of sound data has been used to obtain partial molar volume partial molar expansion coefficient second derivative hydration number (), isentropic compressibility partial molar isentropic compressibility partial molar volume of transfer and partial molar isentropic compressibility of transfer The viscosity data have been used to calculate the viscosity B–coefficients, its temperature derivative dB/dT, viscosity B–coefficient of transfer () and various thermodynamic parameters of activation of viscous flow i.e., and for amino acid/peptide in cefepime solutions. The dependence of these parameters upon concentration and temperature clearly suggests the role of amino acid/peptide and cefepime in solute-solvent interactions. The obtained results have been explained on the basis of competing pattern of interactions between the co-solute and solute in the studied ternary system in order to deduce important information regarding drug-amino acid/peptide interactions.

Dipole moment and heat capacity in the ideal gas state derived from relative permittivity and speed of sound measurements for HFO-1123 and HCFO-1224yd(Z)

Abstract The dielectric relative permittivity and speed of sound were simultaneously measured for HFO-1123 and HCFO-1224yd(Z) in the gas phase by using a cylindrical acoustic-electromagnetic cavity resonator. The measurement data for HFO-1123 were obtained in the temperature range of 263 to 333 K and the pressure range of 50 to 520 kPa, and those for HCFO-1224yd(Z) were obtained in the temperature range of 303 to 353 K and the pressure range of 20 to 200 kPa. Both of the fractional standard uncertainties for the relative permittivity and speed of sound measurements were estimated to be typically smaller than 0.02% without taking the sample impurities into account. The dipole moment and density were derived from the relative permittivity data through the dielectric virial equation. Meanwhile, the isobaric heat capacity in the ideal gas state were also derived from the speed of sound data with the acoustic virial equation. The temperature correlations for the ideal gas heat capacities were formulated and compared with the estimated values by the atomic-group contribution methods. It was found from the comparison that the estimated ideal gas heat capacities differed from the present data by more than 2%.

Density, Speed of Sound, Compressibility and Related Excess Properties of Methane + n-Heptane at T = 303.15 K and p = 10 to 70 MPa

Density and speed of sound of methane + n-heptane binary mixtures were measured at a temperature equal to 303.15 K and at pressures ranging from 10 MPa to 70 MPa. The measurements were performed in pure n-heptane and eight different mixtures with methane molar percentage ranging from 20 % to 95 %. Speed of sound data was obtained by a pulse-echo technique working at 3 MHz whereas density data were acquired from a vibrating U-tube densimeter. Isothermal and isentropic compressibilities were derived from both measurements in the same conditions. Finally, partial molar volumes, excess molar volume, excess isothermal compressibility as well as excess speed of sound and excess isentropic compressibility were estimated at the same conditions and the relative excess properties were represented as a function of methane content. From these measurements, it was observed that the large difference in compressibility of pure components provoked significant deviations to ideal behavior with relative excess values that can reach − 20 %, − 100 % and 200 % of the ideal properties for molar volume, isothermal compressibility and speed of sound, respectively. Moreover, a small clustering effect at high dilution of n-heptane at 30 MPa was brought forth to light by evaluating the partial molar volumes.

Excess molar volumes and excess isentropic Compressibilities of ternary [Bmim][BF4]-[Emim][BF4]-Cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone mixtures at various temperatures t = (293.15–308.15) K

Abstract The current study focuses on excess molar volumes, V 123 E and excess isentropic compressibilities, ( κ S E ) 123 of ternary mixtures comprise of 1‑butyl‑3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone. The objective of the study is to obtain information about the state of components in pure state along with the molecular interactions operating among the constituent molecules. Mixtures under study with different compositions have been prepared by mass and their densities, ρ123 and speed of sound, u123 values have been measured at (293.15 to 308.15) K with 5 K interval and 0.1 MPa. The calculated excess molar volumes, V 123 E and excess isentropic compressibilities, ( κ S E ) 123 values (using their measured densities and speed of sound data) have been satisfactorily correlated using Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The ternary adjustable parameters and standard deviations between experimental and calculated values have also been reported. The results have been discussed in terms of Graph theory to obtain the expressions of V 123 E and ( κ S E ) 123 values. The theoretical predicted V 123 E and ( κ S E ) 123 values are comparable to experimental data which in turn support the various assumptions made for the various processes involved in (1 + 2 + 3) mixtures formation.

Studies on the interactional behaviour of binary liquid mixtures of tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether and butyl amines at different temperatures

In the present study densities, ρ, and speeds of sound u, have been measured for the binary mixtures of tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether with butyl amine, dibutyl amine, and tributyl amine across the entire composition range at temperatures T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15) K and experimental pressure p = 0.1 MPa. Experimental densities and speeds of sound data has been used to determine excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibility, molar isentropic compressibility KS,m and its excess counterpart excess molar isentropic compressibility. Deviations in intermolecular free length and deviations in acoustic impedance have also been determined. Further we have also calculated the partial molar volumes for binary mixtures at different temperatures. The variation of these determined parameters with temperature and composition has been discussed with a view to understand molecular interactions present in the binary liquid mixtures of alkoxypropanol and butyl amines. The experimental data has also been fitted with Jouyban-Acree model.

Investigations on the interactions in the Binary Mixtures of Tripropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (TPGMME) and 1-Heptanol at Different Temperatures

Densities (ρ) and ultrasonic speeds (u) of the binary liquid mixtures of Tripropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (TPGMME) and 1-haptanol have been measured as a function of composition at temperature range of 288.15 to 318.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The measurements have been carried out using an Anton Paar density and speed of sound analyser DSA 5000. Thermodynamic properties like excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibility and molar isentropic compressibility have been calculated by using densities and speed of sound data at various temperatures. Value for excess molar volume is positive for (TPGMME) and 1-haptanol over the entire mole fraction range, and increase with increasing temperature.

Thermodynamic Properties of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluorobutene [R‑1336mzz(Z)]: Vapor Pressure, (p, ρ, T) Behavior, and Speed of Sound Measurements and Equation of State.

We present experimental measurements of the density, speed of sound, vapor pressure, and dew-point pressure of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene, which is also known as R-1336mzz(Z). Vapor pressures were measured at temperatures from 330 to 440 K; the dew-point pressure was measured at T = 293.15 K. Densities were measured in the liquid and supercritical regions over the temperature range of 230 to 460 K, with pressures up to 36 MPa. Vapor-phase sound speeds were measured at temperatures between 280 and 480 K, with pressures from 0.021 to 2.2 MPa. Densities and dew points were measured in a two-sinker densimeter with a magnetic suspension coupling. Vapor pressures were measured with a static technique in the densimeter. Sound speed data were measured with a spherical acoustic resonator. An equation of state written in terms of the Helmholtz energy was developed based on these data together with additional data from the literature; it represents the present experimental data with relative average absolute deviations (AAD) of 0.0081% for densities, 0.027% for vapor pressure, and 0.017% for vapor-phase speed of sound. Literature data for liquid-phase speed of sound have an AAD of 0.023%, and for saturated liquid density data, the AAD is 0.049%.

Effect of alkyl chain length of 1-alkanols on solution behavior of bactericidal antibiotic in terms of thermo-acoustic parameters

Abstract Interactions in drug solutions i.e. with another drug, antibiotic or a food supplement can alter its activity. Knowledge of their interaction in solution can help to improve the efficiency of drug in different environment in which it is being used. The interactions of fosfomycin calciumin alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol) were investigated using volumetric and acoustic studies. Apparent molar volume and apparent molar compressibility were obtained from experimental density and sound speed data. Hydrocarbon chain contribution of alcohols to volumetric and acoustic parameters was determined. Isentropic compressibility was calculated using speed of sound data. Obtained results were explored in terms of molecular interactions prevailing among fosfomycin calcium and alcohols. Effects of nature of solvent on molecular interactions in fosfomycin calcium was also discussed i.e. apparent molar volume increases as the size of alcohol increases with increasing alkyl chain length.

Sound speed of thermohaline fine structure in the Kuroshio Current inferred from automatic sound speed analysis

Fine-scale thermohaline structure within ocean column can be mapped seismically in the Kuroshio Current, off the Muroto Peninsula of Shikoku Island, Japan. In this paper, we present the application of automatic sound speed picking analysis to the multi-channel seismic reflection data acquired in a different period to estimate time-lapse sound speed distribution across the Kuroshio Current. This method is based on an optimal velocity trajectory solving by the eikonal equation with a finite-difference algorithm. In contrast to the seismic inversion technique, this automatic analysis enables us to obtain contrast sound speed profiles without heavy dependency on sound speed or temperature data directly measured at discrete locations. As a result, this method can visualise sound speed profiles of fine-scale thermohaline structure developed at interleaving or diapycnal mixing processes of different water masses in the Kuroshio Current. The images of all profiles mapped from automatic sound speed analysis distinguish water masses and their fine-scale internal structure such as cold and warm water eddies, thermohaline staircases and internal waves revealing acoustic contrasts at interfaces across where sound speed and temperature change. Applying our approach for individual seismic line acquired in different time-steps for 3D seismic data can provide time–space variant images of fine-scale thermohaline structure for studies of oceanographic processes as well as large-scale ocean current and climate systems.

Solute-solvent interactions of binary liquid mixtures containing Phenetole with isomeric cresols through physicochemical properties and ATR-FT IR spectral studies

Abstract The thermo physical properties of density (p), speed of sound (u) data of binary liquid mixtures of Phenetole (ethoxy benzene) with o, m and p- cresols have been estimated at 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K temperatures at atmospheric pressure. From the data of measured densities, the excess molar volumes (VE) and excess isentropic compressibilities (κsE) have been calculated at all the estimated temperatures. The VE and κsE values were fitted to Redlich-Kister equation. Further the measured sound speed data were compared with Schaffs Collision factor theory (CFT), Jacobson's Free Length theory (FLT) and Nomoto's relation to check their predictive capability. The resultant of the properties were explained interms of molecular interactions owing to physicochemical effects between the unlike components of binary liquid mixtures. Further ATR FT-IR data was also collected to confirm the existence of intermolecular Hydrogen bonding between phenetole and isomeric cresol components.

Dynamic experiments to study the α−ε phase transition in cerium

The ability to understand and predict the response of matter at extreme conditions requires knowledge of a material’s equation-of-state including the location of phase boundaries, transition kinetics, and the evolution of material strength. Cerium is a material with a complex phase diagram that continues to attract significant scientific interest. Recent dynamic experiments have provided information on the low-pressure γ–α phase transition, sound speed, and Hugoniot data for the higher-pressure α phase, as well as the incipient shock melt transition. Despite these efforts, there are still regions of the phase diagram that are largely unexplored dynamically, including the high-pressure region below the melt boundary. Along a room temperature isotherm, diamond anvil cell data report a transition to the ϵ phase between 13 and 17 GPa. At higher temperatures, similar diamond anvil cell data show significant disagreement regarding the existence, location, and slope of the ϵ-phase boundary. In this work, double-shock loading was used to access the α–ϵ region of the phase diagram to obtain equation-of-state information and to determine the location of the ϵ-phase boundary for shock loading.

Thermodynamic, acoustic and spectroscopic studies in binary liquid mixtures containing amine and alcohol

ABSTRACT Densities and speeds of sound for the binary liquid mixtures of tri-n-butylamine with three solvents, namely 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 1-pentanol are measured. The measurements were done over the entire composition range at temperatures from 293.15 to 308.15 K with an interval of 5 K and at atmospheric pressure. Experimental data were used to calculate various thermodynamic parameters like excess molar volumes (), excess isentropic compressibilities (), deviations in speed of sound (), apparent molar volumes (), partial molar volumes () and excess partial molar volumes (). Intermolecular interactions present in these mixtures were studied with the help of the calculated data. Studies on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were also done to support the conclusions. Redlich–Kister type polynomial was used to correlate the various excess and deviation parameters to the compositions. Further, the Jouyban–Acree model was used to correlate densities and speeds of sound data with the compositions.

Speeds of sound in ionic liquids under elevated pressures. New experimental data and CP-PC-SAFT modelling

This study reports synthesis of a new ionic liquid ethyl-1-octyloxymethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2imC1OC8][NTf2]) and its speed of sound data at 295.15 K ≤ T ≤ 373.15 K and 1 bar ≤ P ≤ 1471.5 bar. In addition, the atmospheric pressure densities of this IL were measured at 292.05 K ≤ T ≤ 423.65 K and determined at 295.15 K ≤ T ≤ 373.15 K and 1 bar ≤ P ≤ 1500 bar. Basing on a representative variety of ILs, it is demonstrated that the CP-PC-SAFT EOS adjusted to their high-pressure density data by a standardized numerical procedure and attached by a simple expression for estimating the ideal gas heat capacities is capable to predict sound velocities in a particularly accurate manner, with AAD around 1% and at times even smaller that the experimental uncertainties.

Speed of sound in hydrogen isotopes derived from the experimental pvt data and an improved quantum law of corresponding state

The speed of sound in hydrogen isotopes can be applied to accurately determine the density, virial coefficient and equation of state. The functional relation between the speed of sound in a real gas and the experimental PVT data is derived from the virial equation of states. Utilizing the relation, the speed of sound in n-H2 is calculated from the experimental PVT data available. The calculated results illustrate that the presented method has an accuracy of better than 0.25% within the pressure range of below 1500 atm. However, there is little experimental PVT data available for n-T2, therefore, an improved quantum law of corresponding state (IQLCS) method, which is based on the physical nature that the different virial coefficients represent the interaction between the different number of molecules, is proposed for obtaining the speed of sound in n-T2. Utilizing the IQLCS method, the speed of sound in n-T2 can be obtained from the available speed of sound data in n-H2 or n-D2 via scaling the corresponding fitting coefficients at same temperature and pressure. The simulated results demonstrate that the IQLCS method is more accurate than the classical law of corresponding state(CLCS) and the maximum deviation is about 0.52% over the pressure range of below 1500 atm.

Ultrasonic and volumetric behaviour of glycols with sodium ethylparaben in aqueous medium from T = 293.15 to 308.15 K at atmospheric pressure

Volumetric and acoustic analysis is set in motion to inspect the sodium ethylparaben interaction with ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol as a function of temperature. The estimation of apparent molar volume and apparent molar isentropic compression of glycols in aqueous solutions of sodium ethylparaben has been done by employing densities and speed of the sound measurements at p = 0.1 MPa and T = 293.15 to 308.15 K. The partial molar volume, partial molar isentropic compression, partial molar volume of transfer and partial molar isentropic compression of transfer have been scrutinized from the density and speed of sound data. The partial molar expansibility is also determined. The data estimated from transfer properties is exercised to examine coefficients of pair and triplet interaction. Further, the results are explicated in terms of co-solutes and solvents associations establishing in solution mixture together with structure rupturing behaviour of glycols in aqueous solutions of sodium ethylparaben.

Physicochemical properties and FT-IR spectral studies of binary liquid mixtures containing anisole with isomeric cresols

ABSTRACT Densities (ρ) and speed of sound (u) data for anisole with o-cresol, m-cresol and p-cresol binary liquid mixtures were estimated over the temperature at T = (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. The experimental data were used to compute excess volume (VE ) and excess isentropic compressibilities (κS E ) at all the investigated temperatures. The magnitude of excess properties is negative for all the mixtures containing anisole with isomeric cresols due to existence of solvent–solute interactions of hydrogen bond. The V E and κ S E were fitted and correlated with Redlich-Kister type equation. Further, the measured sound speed data were compared with Schaff’s Collision Factor Theory (CFT) and Jacobson’s Free length Theory (FLT) to check their predictive capability. The resultant of these properties, with structure and temperature, was explained in terms of molecular interactions owing to physiochemical effects between the unlike molecules of the binary mixtures. Further, FT-IR data were also collected to confirm the existence of hydrogen bonding between molecules.

Physicochemical and spectral evaluation of the interactional behavior of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) with mixed [sodium deoxycholate (bile salt) + cetyltrimethylammonium bromide] surfactants

Aggregation behavior of anionic bio-surfactant; sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and cationic surfactant; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and their mixtures at different mole fractions, αSDC = (0.90026, 0.88416, and 0.69438) has been examined in water as well as in aqueous solutions of nicotinic acid at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K by employing various techniques such as conductivity, density, sound velocity, UV–visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. From the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the degree of ionization (α) of micelle, thermodynamic parameters {standard Gibbs free energy (), enthalpy (), and entropy () of micellization} have been evaluated and analyzed for surfactants studied in water and in (1, 2, and 3) × 10−4 mol kg−1 nicotinic acid(aq) solutions at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. The CMC values for both the pure and mixed (SDC + CTAB) surfactants were found to increase with increase in concentration of nicotinic acid. The partial specific volume (φv), isentropic compressibility (κs), and partial specific isentropic compressibility (φκ) were estimated from density and speed of sound data. UV–vis absorption spectra of 1 × 10−4 mol kg−1 nicotinic acid(aq) solutions were also recorded in presence of surfactants studied at αSDC = (0.90026, 0.88416, 0.69438) and T = 298.15 K. Hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) of micellar aggregates for both pure and mixed surfactants were analyzed through the DLS studies performed at 298.15 K. The results from all the studies suggest the supremacy of both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the nicotinic acid and the mixed micellar aggregates.

Solution properties of an antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride in aqueous urea and thiourea solutions: A physicochemical study

Densities, speeds of sound and viscosities of metformin hydrochloride in water and in (0.025, 0.050 and 0.075) mol. kg−1 aqueous urea and thiourea solutions have been measured at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K. From density data, apparent molar volume, Vϕ, limiting apparent molar volume, V0ϕ, slope, Sv, partial molar volume of transfer, ∆trV0ϕ, limiting apparent molar expansivity, E0ϕ, and Hepler's constant, (∂2V0ϕ/∂T2)P, have been measured. The apparent molar isentropic compression, Kϕ,s, limiting apparent molar isentropic compression, K0ϕ,s, slope, Sk, limiting apparent molar isentropic compression of transfer, ∆trK0ϕ,s and hydration number, nH have been calculated from speed of sound data. The viscosity data has been analyzed using Jones–Dole equation for viscosity B-coefficients and viscosity B-coefficients of transfer ΔtrB. The results have been interpreted in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions and structure making/breaking ability of solute in the aqueous solution of urea/thiourea.