Reaction Speed Research Articles

Study on the manifestation of reaction speed at young athletes (basketball vs football players)

Study on the manifestation of reaction speed at young athletes (basketball vs football players)

Optimization of CRISPR/Cas12a detection assay and its application in the detection of Echinococcus granulosus

Cystic echinococcosis, resulting from infection with Echinococcus granulosus, poses a significant challenge as a neglected tropical disease owing to the lack of any known effective treatment. Primarily affecting under-resourced, remote, and conflict-ridden regions, the disease is compounded by the limitations of current detection techniques, such as microscopy, physical imaging, ELISA, and qPCR, which are unsuitable for application in these areas. The emergence of CRISPR/Cas12a as a promising tool for nucleic acid detection, characterized by its unparalleled specificity, heightened sensitivity, and rapid detection time, offers a potential solution. In this study, we present a one-pot CRISPR/Cas12a detection method for E. granulosus (genotype G1, sheep strain) integrating recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with suboptimal protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and structured CRISPR RNA (crRNA) to enhance reaction efficiency. The evaluation of the assay's performance using hydatid cyst spiked dog feces and the examination of 62 dog fecal samples collected from various regions of Western China demonstrate its efficacy. The assay permits visual observation of test results about 15 minutes under blue light and displays superior portability and reaction speed relative to qPCR, achieving a sensitivity level of 10 copies of standard plasmids of the target gene. Analytic specificity was verified against four tapeworm species (E. multilocularis, H. taeniaeformis, M. benedeni, and D. caninum) and two other helminths (T. canis and F. hepatica), with negative results also noted for Mesocestoides sp. This study presents a rapid, sensitive, and time-efficient DNA detection method for E. granulosus of hydatid cyst spiked and clinical dog feces, potential serving as an alternative tool for field detection. This novel assay is primarily used to diagnose the definitive host of E. granulosus. Further validation using a larger set of clinical fecal samples is warranted, along with additional exploration of more effective approaches for nucleic acid release.

Development of coordination abilities of primary school children

The study aimed to determine the influence of the traditional classical exercise on the development of the reaction speed of boys and girls studying in the first grade. Methods: The pedagogical experiment was conducted from September 3, 2022 to May 28, 2023. The study involved 100 children aged 7-8 years who studied in the 1st grade of an ordinary school in the Russian Federation. The schoolchildren practiced physical education according to the standard school curriculum 2 times a week for 40 minutes in each lesson. During the 9 months of training, 74 lessons were conducted. Children from the experimental group additionally performed traditional classical exercises for 6-7 minutes during the lesson. To determine the level of development of responsiveness in schoolchildren, the "Ball Touch" test was used. All the indicators of the children were entered into an Excel spreadsheet, the Student's T-criterion was also used, with a significance level of p<0.05 (program – Biostatistica 2022). Results: The indicators of reaction speed in schoolchildren from the control group who studied according to the standard program improved by an average of 2.9-3.0% (p>0.05) during the study period. In the experimental group, in which children additionally performed special exercise classics, the indicators became 9.4% higher in boys from 269.2±5.2 to 243.8±6.2 (p<0.05), and in girls, the indicators increased by 8.6% from 271.2±6.5 to 247.9±6.6 (p<0.05). Conclusion. The physical exercise "classics" has shown its effectiveness for developing the reaction speed of schoolchildren aged 7-8 years. If you perform this exercise for 6-7 minutes at each physical education lesson at school, then the children's reaction speed will significantly and significantly improve. Keywords: Physical exercises, Coordination abilities, School curriculum, Children's health.

Optimization of biodiesel yield from waste cooking oil and sesame oil using RSM and ANN techniques

In the era of global energy crises and the pressing concern of fossil fuel depletion, the quest for sustainable alternatives has become paramount. The current study aims to optimize biodiesel extraction from a combination of waste cooking oil (WCO) and sesame seed oil (SSO) through response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The cold flow properties of biodiesel produced from WCO are a major obstacle to the commercial use of biodiesel. On the other hand, SSO possesses better oxidation stability and cold flow properties. A mixture of waste cooking oil (i.e. 70 % by volume) and sesame seed oil (i.e. 30 % by volume) has been prepared for biodiesel production via a microwave-assisted transesterification process. For biodiesel yield optimization, the interaction among the operating parameters is developed by RSM, whereas biodiesel yield is predicted by ANN. The operating parameters include reaction speed, RPM (100–600 rpm), reaction time (1–5 min), methanol to oil ratio (8:1–12:1 v/v), and catalyst concentration (0.1–2 % w/w). The highest biodiesel yield of 94 % is found at a reaction speed of 350 rpm, reaction time of 3 min, catalyst concentration of 1.05 w/w, and methanol to oil ratio of 10:1. Furthermore, it is discovered that when estimating biodiesel production rate depending on reaction constraints, ANN shows lower comparative error compared to RSM. The results show that ANN outperforms RSM in terms of percentage improvement when it comes to biodiesel production prediction.

Field detection of genetically modified crops: Simple DNA extraction, rapid assay and automatic output on smartphone

Rapid and accurate detection of genetically modified crops (GMC) is significant for crop supervision and genetically modified product labeling. For field detection of GMC, the rapidity and simplicity of the sample pretreatment and detection process are very important. Simplifying the extraction process of DNA in crops and speeding up the detection process are the technical problems that need to be solved. Therefore, this paper provides a field detection method for GMC. First, the selected universal LAMP primers of the chloroplast gene can be used to detect reference genes in nine crops with the most transgenic detection needs. The universal primers of reference genes can not only improve the accuracy of detection, but also omit the design and synthesis of reference gene primers in different crops. Second, a high concentration of DNA can be obtained using simple and fast DNA extraction methods within 5 min. The specific concentration of GuHCl in lysis buffer can accelerate the subsequent nucleic acid amplification reaction. Third, a new probe-LAMP method was established, with high reaction speed and specificity. Using the dual probe-LAMP for transgenic and reference genes in a handheld nucleic acid detector, the detection of GMC can be completed within 25 min. Two different fluorescence signals generated from the LAMP reaction are processed through a special logic gate, and finally three kinds of results of "Positive", "Negative" and "Invalid" are output on a smartphone. This method from sample processing to intelligent result output can achieve accurate, rapid, simple, low-cost, pollution-free field detection of GMC.

The study on the reason why ZnS catalyst cannot suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur (Li–S) battery

The catalytic effect of zinc sulfide (ZnS) on the transformation of polysulfides (Li2S8) to lithium sulfide (Li2S) has been proven by the enhancement in the rate performance of lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries incorporating ZnS particles into the cathode. Accordingly, the shuttling effect of polysulfide should also be suppressed. However, the expected phenomenon is not found in the Li–S batteries with ZnS particles being added in the cathodes. In order to find the intrinsic mechanism of this phenomenon, detailed catalytic effects of ZnS particles on different polysulfide molecules are investigated. It is shown that ZnS can only enhance the reaction from Li2S4 to Li2S and it has almost no catalytic effect on the reaction from Li2S6 to Li2S4. This is why the shuttle effect of Li2S6 cannot be effectively prohibited. This mechanism is further verified via combining ZnS particles with S–C@PVA yolk-shell particles containing sulfur (S) and carbon black (C) as the core and PVA as the shell. Although the reaction from Li2S6 to Li2S4 cannot be directly catalysed by ZnS particles, it can still be enhanced when ZnS particles are distributed within the S–C@PVA yolk-shell structure (S–C–ZnS@PVA) because the reaction speed from the Li2S4 to Li2S is accelerated. The fast consumption of Li2S4 will result in the enhancement of the reaction from Li2S6 to Li2S4, which will largely reduce the diffusion of Li2S6 out of the PVA shell. While if ZnS particles are located outside the S–C@PVA yolk-shell structure (S–C@PVA-ZnS), large amount of Li2S6 can still diffuse out of the PVA shell and enter into the electrolyte since the transformation from is Li2S6 to Li2S4 relatively low. Both the rate performance and cycle stability of the batteries with S–C–ZnS@PVA cathodes are higher than those with S–C@PVA-ZnS ones. These results will give a guidance for the preparation of Li–S battery with high performance.

Refractive index sensor based on an annular cavity and an equilateral triangular cavity for temperature detection

The present study proposes a novel refractive index sensor utilizing asymmetric linear scattering frequency phenomena, which is formed by coupling a metal insulator metal (MIM) waveguide structure with an equilateral triangular ring cavity structure(ETRC). The transmission characteristics of the sensor structure were investigated using finite element method (FEM),with a focus on the effect of structure-related variables on sensing characteristics. Due to its advantages of small size, fast reaction speed, and flexibility, the designed sensor can achieve sensitivity and light efficiency values of 2880 nm RIU−1 and 50.53. In addition to this, the sensor structure can also be applied in the field of temperature detection with a sensitivity of up to 1.46 nm °C−1.

Human Movement and Attitude Detection System Based on Flexible High Tensile Sensor of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Excellent mechanical properties and outstanding optical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes influence the fabrication of suitable devices and micro-electronic parts and systems, and they have been broadly applied in related fields. This paper aims to study the application of flexible high-stretch sensors of single-walled carbon nanotubes in human motion and attitude detection systems. In this paper, algorithm for human motion detection is proposed according to the content of human motion posture detection, and the properties of single-walled carbon tubing are analyzed in detail. The experimental results show that with the increase of carbon nanotube tubing, the reaction speed and sensitivity increase gradually. The reaction speed and sensitivity were 39% when the content was 1.5 wt%, 42% when the content was 2.0 wt%, and 59% when the content was 2.5 wt%. In summary, it can be found that within a certain range, the increase of carbon nanotube content can effectively reduce the hysteresis error of the sensor. It makes the sensitivity of the flexible high-stretch sensor higher, thereby improving the accuracy of the human motion attitude detection system.

Advancements and applications of loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology: a comprehensive overview.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel method for nucleic acid detection known for its isothermal properties, high efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity. LAMP employs 4 to 6 primers targeting 6 to 8 regions of the desired sequence, allowing for amplification at temperatures between 60 and 65°C and the production of up to 109 copies within a single hour. The product can be monitored by various methods such as turbidimetry, fluorometry, and colorimetry. However, it faces limitations such as the risk of non-specific amplification, challenges in primer design, unsuitability for short gene sequences, and difficulty in multiplexing. Recent advancements in polymerase and primer design have enhanced the speed and convenience of the LAMP reaction. Additionally, integrating LAMP with technologies like rolling circle amplification (RCA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and CRISPR-Cas systems has enhanced its efficiency. The combination of LAMP with various biosensors has enabled real-time analysis, broadening its application in point-of-care testing (POCT). Microfluidic technology has further facilitated the automation and miniaturization of LAMP assays, allowing for the simultaneous detection of multiple targets and preventing contamination. This review highlights advancements in LAMP, focusing on primer design, polymerase engineering, and its integration with other technologies. Continuous improvements and integration of LAMP with complementary technologies have significantly enhanced its diagnostic capabilities, making it a robust tool for rapid, sensitive, and specific nucleic acid detection with promising implications for healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring.

The impact of refinancing transaction policy adjustment on stock market volatility

This paper investigates the impact of refinancing transaction policy adjustment on the volatility of convertible bond market. Through GARCH model analysis, it is found that the refinancing policy adjustment significantly affects the spillover effect between CSI 300 index and CSI convertible bond index, indicating that the policy adjustment leads to differences in the speed of market reaction to common information and the degree of change in yield, which reflects the market's sensitivity to the policy change as well as the adaptability of market participants. The empirical results show that the convertible bond market has a significant dynamic impact on the stock market during the policy adjustment period, accompanied by the improvement of market efficiency, which supports the hypothesis that the refinancing policy adjustment has a significant impact on the spillover effect between the two markets.

Age-related and experience-related differences in selected motor cognitive abilities of soccer players

Background: Soccer players constantly experience rapidly changing situations that challenge them to receive and process stimuli, make fast and correct decisions, and perform actions at specific moments. The aim of the present study was to analyze age and experience-related differences in the level of brain speed, disjunctive reaction time, and reaction speed of soccer players. Methods: A total of 111 soccer players (x=12.414; s=1.921) divided by age and level of experience participated in the study. The diagnosis of brain speed and disjunctive reactivity was carried out with the BrainHQ Hawk Eye test and BrainHQ Agility test using the Witty Sem system. Reaction speed was diagnosed with the Fitro Agility Check test using the Fitro Agility system. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance were used to determine the significance of age and experiencerelated differences in the level of brain speed, disjunctive reaction time, and reaction speed of the soccer players. Results and conclusion: Statistically significant differences (p<0.01) in favor of older age categories were observed between disjunctive reaction time and brain speed. Younger soccer players showed significantly lower levels of lower limb reaction speed in both directions of the sagittal plane than older players (p<0.01). Less experienced soccer players demonstrated significantly lower levels of lower limb reaction speed in both directions of the sagittal plane than more experienced counterparts and lower levels of brain speed and disjunctive reaction time (p<0.01).

Features of dissomnia and cognitive impairments in chronic cerebral ischemia due to diabetes mellitus type 2

Introduction. Currently, diabetes mellitus occupies a leading position in terms of prevalence, disability, mortality and it is a medical and social problem. Microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications negatively affect the quality and duration of sleep with detrimental effects on metabolism and weight regulation. The cognitive sphere is more impaired in type 2 diabetes mellitus in the form of a decrease in the speed of reaction to external stimuli and the ability to concentrate for a long time, so thinking becomes slower, and clinically significant cognitive impairments leads to work and social maladaptation and a decrease in adequate glycemic control. Aim of the study: to study the nature of diagnosed cognitive impairments and variants of dissomnias in chronic cerebral ischemia and to evaluate the features of identified dissomnias in the development of early dementia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Object and methods. During the period from 2017 to 2023, 207 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and neurological deficits of varying severity were examined. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and neurological examination using specialized scales to study the cognitive sphere and sleep level, laboratory and instrumental methods of examination. The study applied non-inclusion, inclusion and exclusion criteria and selected 147 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data has been processed statistically. Results. Cognitive impairments (95,1 ± 2,4%) and dyssomnia (88,9 ± 3,5%) develop in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic cerebral ischemia, and their combination is significant (p < 0,05) prevailed (82,7 ± 4,2%) with dysmetabolic signs. At the same time, moderate (43,2 ± 5,5%) and severe (34,6 ± 5,3%) cognitive disorders with moderate dyssomnia (63,0 ± 5,4%) and increased sleepiness (64,2 ± 5,3%) with episodes of obstructive sleep apnea (16,0 ± 4,1%) and narcolepsy (6,2 ± 2,7%) compared with patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus (p < 0,05). Conclusions. The presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increased the risk of developing dyssomnia and cognitive disorders, and the identification of dyssomnia led to an increased chance of a deterioration in the intellectual-mnestic level to the degree of moderate and severe impairments. Neuropsychological testing in combination with dyssomnia questionnaires and quantitative assessment of the severity of cognitive dysfunction is absolutely necessary.

The Cognitive Function and Taekwondo-Specific Kick Performance of Taekwondo Athletes at Different Hydration Statuses.

Successful participation in taekwondo (TKD) requires athletes to possess quick decision-making abilities and demonstrate technical proficiency during competition. Dehydration, occurring during both training and competition, is widely recognized to have various negative effects. This study investigated the impact of different levels of dehydration on cognitive function, as measured by the Vienna Test System, and the specific performance of kicking techniques among TKD athletes. Using a randomized crossover design, 12 participants were involved in the study. Before and after 1 hour of training at 80% of maximal heart rate, participants were weighed and provided urine samples. All participants were randomly assigned to 3 different hydration conditions: the euhydrated (EUH) group had unrestricted access to fluid consumption, while the hypohydrated (HYP) and severelyHYP (S-HYP) groups experienced reductions of 2.0% and 4.0% of their initial body weight, respectively. The EUH group exhibited better reaction speed in reaction-time test-form S1 than the HYP and S-HYP groups. Notably, the EUH group demonstrated a significantly higher success rate in the front-side kick (EUH 98%, HYP 90%, S-HYP 88%; P < .05). However, the success rates of back roundhouse kick and free head kick were similar among the 3 statuses. Furthermore, postexercise heart rates were found to be significantly higher in the HYP and S-HYP groups compared with the EUH group. This study provides insight into the negative effects of dehydration on cognitive function and TKD-specific performance. It is recommended that TKD athletes maintain optimal hydration levels during training and competition to ensure optimal performance.

Optimization of reaction kinetics on natural convection microfluidic devices by computer simulation

This study presents a novel methodology framework for simulating and optimizing reaction kinetics in natural convection microfluidic devices. The approach involves coupling heat and mass transfer, fluid flow, and chemistry. Visual and regression analyses are performed to evaluate the impact of different operational parameters on reaction speed, aiming to improve microfluidic natural convection systems. The methodology was applied to a practical example of a Polymerase Chain Reaction triangular microfluidic glass device that utilizes natural convection for the required reactions. The findings showed that the fluid flow velocity is significant in determining the reaction speed, which can be controlled by adjusting the temperature cycling differences and the inner diameter of the device. Despite challenges posed by the fluid flow direction, the best reaction times achieved ranged from 18 to 21 minutes. Due to its computational efficiency, the developed methodology allows simulations to be conducted on mid-range computers. Also, the visual and regression analyses offer insights into improving a specific device by measuring the influence of several parameters. Then, the methodology is convenient for selecting the best conditions before developing an experiment.

Construction of UCNPs-aptamer-AuNPs luminescence energy transfer probe for ratio detection of Staphylococcus aureus.

A ratio luminescence probe was developed for detecting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) based on luminescence energy transfer (LET) using double-wavelength emission (550 nm and 812 nm) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as donor, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as acceptor and the aptamer for S. aureus as the specific recognition and link unit. The LET process could cause luminescence quenching because of the spectral overlap between the acceptor and the donor at 550 nm. In the presence of S. aureus, S. aureus selectively combined with the aptamer, and the AuNPs left the surface of UCNPs, which weakened the quenching effect and restored the luminescence of UCNPs. Based on this, the ratio detection was realized by monitoring the change of the luminescence signal of the probe at 550 nm and taking the luminescence signal at 812 nm as the reference signal. Crucially, the probe has a fast reaction speed, with a reaction time of 25 min, and the detection of S. aureus is realized in the concentration range of 5.0 × 103-3.0 × 105 CFU/ml, with the detection limit of 106 CFU/ml. Therefore, the ratio probe has great potential for detecting of S. aureus in food because of its high sensitivity, fast speed and good selectivity.

The efficacy and safety of the training process in sumo through autogenic training for professional wrestlers

Background and purpose of the study. Considering the high demands for physical and psychological preparedness in sumo, the implementation of comprehensive approaches to training becomes relevant. Such an approach ensures the improvement of sports results and the health maintenance of athletes. The study is aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of autogenic training in the educational and training process among experienced sumo wrestlers. Materials and Methods. The analysis is based on the observation of 10 experienced sumo wrestlers from the "Adrenaline" sports club in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Methods used to assess the psycho-emotional and physical state of athletes included the SAN test, heart rate measurement, the Stange and Genchi tests, reaction time measurement, and the Romberg test. Mastery of autogenic training techniques took place in a group over 5 weeks at the end of each training session. After the first week, a visualization technique was added to the autogenic training. For the analysis and visualization of the obtained data it was used the integrated development environment PyCharm Community Edition. The programming code was written in Python. The experiment was conducted in Kharkiv (Ukraine), which has been located in a war zone since February 2022. The requirements of the military administration for ensuring the safety of the experiment participants were observed. Results. Significant improvements were observed in the psycho-emotional state of athletes, including a reduction in anxiety levels by 6.5 points (p&lt;0.01) and an improvement in reactionmetry indicators by 3.4 cm (p &lt; 0.05). Improvements were also noted in the well-being, mood, and activity of athletes. At the end of the experiment, no significant changes were observed in heart rate and the Stange and Genchi tests. A noticeable improvement was shown in the Genchi test, although these changes did not reach statistical significance. The results of the reactionmetry significantly improved, confirming the effectiveness of the training in enhancing the athletes' reaction speed. Conclusions. The study confirmed that autogenic training is an effective means of improving not only the psycho-emotional state but also the physical readiness of sumo wrestlers. The implementation of such methods can contribute to increasing the safety and effectiveness of the educational and training process, as well as achieving higher sports results while maintaining the health of athletes.

Unlocking the potential of play: A TF-IDF analysis of ‘MapleStory’ as a serious game for cognitive enhancement in seniors

This research explores the potential of adapting ‘MapleStory’, developed by South Korea’s Wizet, into a serious game for the elderly, considering the demographics’ growing numbers and technological advancements in healthcare. The study highlights an increased demand for digital content tailored to seniors, particularly following the rise in smartphone usage among this group since 2016 [17]. Although serious games are recognized for enhancing health and cognitive abilities, there is a notable gap in research on converting existing games for elderly users. Employing Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, specifically TF-IDF, the research analyzes community text data to extract keywords that suggest cognitive benefits, in alignment with the ‘Guidelines for Serious Games Design’[16]. The methodology involves collecting and filtering text data to pinpoint keywords related to essential cognitive functions like memory and reaction speed. The findings indicate that ‘MapleStory’ holds substantial potential as a cognitive enhancement tool for seniors, with 52% of the results affirming its effectiveness in improving cognition. This supports its utility in enhancing memory and reflexes, suggesting a viable direction for game development focused on promoting healthy aging and meeting the unique needs of the elderly demographic.

Water Confinement on Polymer Coatings Dictates Proton-Electron Transfer on Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Nitrite.

Enzymes can precisely control the speed and selectivity of chemical reactions by modifying locally the solvent-reactant interactions. To extrapolate these attributes to heterogeneous catalysts, we have employed thermoresponsive poly n-isopropylacrylamide (p-NIPAM) brushes bonded to silica spheres containing palladium. These polymers can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules at low temperatures (<32 °C) allowing the polymer to stay swollen. Detailed reaction kinetics of nitrite hydrogenation showed that p-NIPAM decreases the apparent activation barrier by a factor of 3 at low temperatures. Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations showed that when p-NIPAM is present, water molecules near the surface are less mobile. This confinement perturbs the water interaction with the metal, reducing the barrier for the proton-electron transfer reduction of nitrite. Notably, this enhancement vanishes at high temperature as the polymer collapses on itself exposing the Pd to unconfined water. The fully reversible nature of this process opens the door for creating homeostatic catalysts with controlled water-confinement.

Pencak silat reaction speed training model: training for pencak silat athletes aged 17—21 years

Pencak silat reaction speed training model: training for pencak silat athletes aged 17—21 years

Copper-Based Bio-MOF/GO with Lewis Basic Sites for CO2 Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates and C-C Bond-Forming Reactions.

Several measures, including crude oil recovery improvement and carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion into valuable chemicals, have been considered to decrease the greenhouse effect and ensure a sustainable low-carbon future. The Knoevenagel condensation and CO2 fixation have been introduced as two principal solutions to these challenges. In the present study for the first time, bio-metal-organic frameworks (MOF)(Cu)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites have been used as catalytic agents for these two reactions. In view of the attendance of amine groups, biological MOFs with NH2 functional groups as Lewis base sites protruding on the channels' internal surface were used. The bio-MOF(Cu)/20%GO performs efficaciously in CO2 fixation, leading to more than 99.9% conversion with TON = 525 via a solvent-free reaction under a 1 bar CO2 atmosphere. It has been shown that these frameworks are highly catalytic due to the Lewis basic sites, i.e., NH2, pyrimidine, and C═O groups. Besides, the Lewis base active sites exert synergistic effects and render bio-MOF(Cu)/10%GO nanostructures as highly efficient catalysts, significantly accelerating Knoevenagel condensation reactions of aldehydes and malononitrile as substrates, thanks to the high TOF (1327 h-1) and acceptable reusability. Bio-MOFs can be stabilized in reactions using GO with oxygen-containing functional groups that contribute as efficient substitutes, leading to an expeditious reaction speed and facilitating substrate absorption.