Production Speed Research Articles

Kinetic model for polyhydroxybutyrate production by Bacillus aryabhattai MH997667.1 in a batch culture using different agitation speeds

Background Slow degradation of synthetic plastics represents a high environmental hazard; therefore, there is an essential requirement to substitute them with eco-friendly products. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable biopolymer and also has several industrial, agricultural, and medical applications. Scaling up the production of PHB is still a problem due to the numerous parameters tangled in the fermentation processes. Objective The present work seeks to scale up polyhydroxybutyrate production by Bacillus aryabhattai MH997667.1 from shaken flasks to a 5L-bench top bioreactor with previously optimized media by applying a batch fermentation strategy. Materials and methods Different agitation speeds (200, 250 and 300 rpm) were tested in a 5L-bench-top bioreactor with a working volume of 3L. A kinetic model (logistic and Luedeking–Piret) that describes the microbial biomass and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production is used to expect the performance of batch fermentation of Bacillus aryabhattai MH997667.1. Results and conclusion The optimum PHB yield (2.32 g/l) was expressed at 250 rpm agitation after 28 hours of fermentation. The experimental data were also fitted with the logistic and Luedeking–Piret equations for growth and PHB formation, respectively. The mathematical model proposed for batch fermentation revealed that the simulated data showed a good fit with the experimental results obtained during the first 24 h of PHB production at 250 rpm, where the productivity was 0.095 g L−1h−1. Our data suggest that agitation speed had a significant effect on PHB production and the 250 rpm agitation speed is the optimum speed for PHB production using Bacillus aryabhattai MH997667.1 in batch fermentation.

Investigating the Time Spent on Manufacturing Parts of Complex Geometry Using Additive and Traditional Technologies

The research objective is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the time spent on the production of parts of complex geometry using additive and traditional technologies. In modern industrial production, especially in the field of mechanical engineering, the manufacture of parts with complex shapes is becoming more and more in demand. These parts often have a high degree of complexity and require precise and efficient processing. The use of additive and traditional technologies in the production of parts can present various advantages and disadvantages, including production speed, manufacturing quality and overall time costs. However, there is insufficient research comparing the time costs of these two production methods, especially in the context of manufacturing parts of complex geometry. This work aims to fill this knowledge gap by analyzing and comparing the time spent on manufacturing parts using additive and traditional technologies. The results of this research can be useful for both the scientific community and industrial enterprises, helping them make informed decisions when choosing production technology for specific tasks.

Performance Analysis and Realization of the Design for the Use of Social Areas of Industrial Liquid Filling Systems

Today, the insufficient of speed, quality, and precision in the service provided with the increasing density in the enterprises located in social areas, and the fact that standard products are made rather than optional products are observed as a disadvantageous situation in terms of people's demands. Although liquid filling systems used in industrial production facilities include features that are important for production such as speed, quality, and efficiency, they arise problems in social areas in terms of design, size, economy, and personalized production. In solving the problems, it is realized a special liquid filling system that both meets the needs of people to highly and includes the features of the production systems used in the industry. In the study, a fruit juice filling system that produces fruit juice in the ratio and amount desired by the user using four different juices is proposed. It is thought that when the study done by reducing the need for space with a compact design and increasing the production speed with station-based processes is applied to the private sector, both operating costs are reduced, and end-user demands are met to the desired extent. It is observed that the effect of the cycle time on the unit production time is reduced in the mass production method used in the system, while the cycle time is directly equal to the production time in the private production method. In addition, when the mass production method is used, it is observed that increasing the selection of different fruit juices reduces the production time, as it distributes the filling time to more than one station.

Experimental Investigation on Mechanical properties of CF15PET and GF30PP materials produced with different raster angles

Abstract In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been used in many industries, such as automotive, defense, space, and aviation. Depending on the development of this technology, the effect of the relationship between many parameters, such as raster angles, production speed, and melting temperature used during the production of materials, has been an important issue in the mechanical properties of materials. In this study, the effects of ±45° and 0–90° raster angles used during the production of 15 % short carbon fiber reinforced polyethylenetereflatate (CF15PET) and 30 % short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GF30PP) materials on the mechanical properties of the materials were investigated. As a result of the study, it was determined that different raster angles affect the mechanical properties of both materials.

Deep Learning Approach for automatic detection of split defects on sheet metal stamping parts

Sheet metal stamping processes are used primarily for high-volume products produced for a range of sectors, from white goods manufacturing to the automotive and aerospace sectors. However, the process is susceptible to defects. Due to the numerous potential defects that may arise in the stamping product, human inspectors are often deployed for their detection. However, they are unreliable and expensive, especially when operating at production speeds equivalent to the stamping rate. This study investigate CNN-based automatic inspection for stamping defects. The study carried out two sets of experiments. All the Experiments yielded high classification accuracy, recall and precision demonstrating the viability of the CNN method for defect detection in the sheet metal stamping process. Additionally, this study revealed that in limited data confounding factors can be a challenge. The second experiment further explored the impact of small neck defects, harsh lighting and reflections on defect detection. The observations indicated that the model struggled to identify defects occluded by reflections, particularly small neck defects.

A mini review on the ballistic protection performance of 2D and 3D woven fabric structures woven from technical yarns for body armormaterials in military application

This mini-compilation study included a review study conducted on the ballistic protection performances of 2D and 3D structured woven fabric structures for body armor materials in military applications. As conclusion, orthogonal type 3D woven fabric structures have higher ballistic protection performance compared to conventional 2D woven fabric structures by locking the high-performance yarns used and preventing slippage between layers. It is recommended to use ceramic-structured front plates such as B4C to break armor-piercing bullets, reduce penetration, and absorb a significant portion of their high kinetic energy. UHMWPE, PPD-T, and PBO technical yarns, which have fine yarn counts (between 466 dtex and 933 dtex) can be produced by 1x1 plain woven fabric construction as woven fabric structures (lamina). They must have also high warp and weft density values ​​(between 30 and 40 warp/cm and weft/cm), and orthogonal 3D woven fabric structure, high warp, and weft yarn tension (between 20 cN and 50 cN per warp yarn), 160 rpm as production speed, and multi-layered (between 13 layers and 16 layers in lamina form) in honeycomb (sandwich) geometry. Moreover, the impregnation process can be applied with CaCO3, SiO2, PVB, or CNT particles (in the particle size range of 100 nm to 400 nm) with chemicals such as PEG (in the range of 60% to 75% concentrations), in the range of 80 °C to 160 °C temperatures and between 1 hour and 3 hours. Coating (STF applications) is extremely important and successful for ballistic protection performance at IIIA, III and IV levels for NIJ standards. Future studies should include orthogonal 3D structured woven fabric applications from UHMWPE, PPD-T, or PBO technical yarns by applying STF technology in this field. They should be also examined comparatively from an experimental perspective.

Role of product advantage in shaping product outcome: a hybrid review

PurposeThis study examines current dynamics, consolidates current knowledge, elicits trends, identifies and analyzes primary research clusters, offers future directions, and develops an integrated framework for Product Advantage (PA) research.Design/methodology/approachUsing the SCOPUS database, this study applied bibliometric analysis (208 articles) and conducted content analysis on the 35 curated articles selected using a combination of bibliographic coupling and the most cited articles.FindingsThis study presents the field’s publication trends, most relevant authors, articles, journals, and knowledge structures. It identifies six primary research themes and four major clusters using the thematic map and bibliographic coupling. Marketing and PA, New Product Development (NPD) and PA, Product Innovation and PA, and New product speed and PA are the main clusters. Finally, this study offers directions for future research and provides an integrated framework for PA research.Practical implicationsBy developing an ADO framework of PA, the study offers key insights into how PA shapes product outcomes and identifies key antecedents of PA. Firms must focus on firm factors such as market and technological orientation; product factors, such as development time and pre-announcement proficiency; external factors, such as competition; and environmental factors, such as competitive intensity and technological turbulence. It enables firms to create products with high PA, shaping product outcomes and contributing to their competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis is the first study to conduct a two-stage sequential hybrid review of quality articles on PA. It offers an Antecedents-Decisions-Consequences (ADO) framework based on significant studies and offers cluster-wise directors for future research.

EFFECT OF BACK PRESSURE DURING DIRECT PRESETTING OF ALLOY LBTPN D16T

Pipes made of high-strength aluminum alloys with protector thickeners in the middle and at the ends are actively used in the construction of wells for oil and gas. Their light weight and sufficient strength make it possible to build wells of greater depth from lower lifting capacity installations. In addition, aluminum alloy pipes of keyless construction are widely used in cases where there is a high content of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. This design and material make it possible to significantly increase the service life of pipes in aggressive, corrosive environments. In order to increase the production speed of pipes, it is proposed to use the technology of direct compression with back pressure. You can simulate the manufacturing process using this technology of LBTPN (alloy drill pipe of increased reliability) using a specialized software complex DEFORM, which was done. These aluminum pipes are used in the development of ultra-deep gas and oil wells, as well as horizontal and inclined extended reach wells. LBTPNs were also used in the drilling of ultra-deep Kola, Kryvyi Rih, and Ural wells. It is possible to use compressed pipes with back pressure if the design depth of the well is more than 3000 m. During pressing in the plastic deformation focus, stress transformation is observed: normal growth and drop of tangents and, therefore, a decrease in their total impact; increased level of hydrostatic pressure, all components of deformations and, therefore, also their total impact. Unlike the non-backpressure process, when present and under its action in the gage zone, there is a significant decrease in longitudinal tensile forces, as a result it is possible to carry out the process with higher values of alloy flow rates. Also, pipes made of aluminum alloys of a lock-free design are widely used in cases where there is a high content of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. This design and material can significantly increase the service life of pipes.

Evaluation of in-line monitoring of micro-forming tribo-systems by consecutive U-bending

Robustness in micro-forming, a critical part of which is system monitoring, is important due to increasing demand for micro-components. In this work, a simulation of a micro-deep drawing tribo-system is applied to investigate the influence of die radius and production speed on process stability and tool wear. Monitoring of force and thermoelectric current are used as tools for wear detection, showing that both signals respond well to wear. The thermoelectric current is more sensitive to slight changes in process conditions and can be recommended as a wear monitoring method in micro-forming over using the force signal. The results of signal monitoring are compared to the surface roughness of formed parts as function of number of strokes, showing a good correlation.

Surface Design of 3D-printed Polyether Ether Ketone for Abrasive Wear Resistance

The surface features of additively manufactured polymer parts differ compared to extruded polymer parts and decide their performance in terms of power transmission applications. Layer thickness is one of the important process parameters chosen based on the part complexity and production speed, influencing the surface features. The abrasive wear performance of high-performance polyether ether ketone (PEEK), which determines the performance of power transmission elements such as bearings and gears, is reported in this article. The layer thickness employed in fabrication, which varies from 0.1 mm to 0.35 mm, influences the surface roughness, real contact area, and hardness of the as-printed PEEK. The friction coefficient and wear resistance of a printed part are influenced by the layer thickness employed, indicating the need for a proper choice of layer thickness for power transmission applications. Samples printed with a layer height of 0.25 mm and higher exhibited an increase of friction coefficient and wear loss due to the weak surface integrity. The friction and wear characteristics of additive manufactured samples are compared with extruded samples. Wear debris accommodation in the grooves of the as-printed surfaces accelerates the wear due to three-body abrasion in high layer thickness samples. The micromechanisms of wear damage in different layer thickness samples are discussed. The observations indicate the strong influence of layer thickness and facilitate the selection of appropriate layer thickness for the required friction coefficient in a particular application.

OVERCOMING THE CREATIVE CRISIS OF THE FASHION INDUSTRY

The paper uses the advent of generative AI in fashion to critically examine the tenets of contemporary fashion design. As an exemplary case study, the work of Demna Gvasalia’s at the helm of Balenciaga is critically scrutinized and discussed as the result of the fashion industry’s ever-increasing speed and high demand of products at every price range. Within a hyper-globalized industry, fashion designers are forced to accelerate their design process with low production costs and high profits in mind. Given the systematic denial of fashion design understood as intentional creation by mainstream luxury fashion labels, fashion’s creative process is already heavily revolving around self-reference and copying, much like generative AI. The integration of visual literacy and academic referencing competences in fashion design education are proposed as strategies to break the cycle of copying and self-reference in fashion and to expand, deepen and diversify the practice of fashion design.

Optimalisasi Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Pengolahan: Studi Kasus Industri Pengolahan Bahan Baku Rotan

Rattan is a non-wood raw material originating from Indonesia which has become the main source of income for community forests and local governments. Rattan processing has challenges in obtaining raw materials and skilled processing techniques by workers or human resources in order to produce quality output which of course can also advance the company. The use of machines and human resources in the rattan production process can increase production speed and accuracy. This research was conducted to determine the performance of human resources which influences the quality of the rattan products produced. The research method used in this research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach and has an exploratory nature. The data collection technique in the research was carried out by creating an inductive scheme to make it easier for researchers to carry out research analysis and based on existing case studies. Observations were carried out by researchers regarding activities that occurred in the company during the researcher's internship period. The research object of rattan processing and human resources is information from the UD company. Alam Sultra's work. The research results show that the company UD. Karya Alam Sultra carries out empowerment by providing skills and training to its workers to improve the quality of employee performance in processing rattan so that it can become good quality rattan. This proves that there is empowerment in the processing of rattan raw materials, enabling the performance skills of human resources to increase efficiency and innovation in the processing of rattan products and produce quality rattan.

Design of a new sorting colors system based on PLC, TIA portal, and factory I/O programs

Abstract In the recent industry field, automation has become the most important role in production processes to improve efficiency, increase production, and reduce workers. Sorting the products based on their color is a common task in the industries, but using manual sorting may take a longer time and human error may occur, especially if the production quantities are very large. To contribute to improving the quality and speed of production, we have proposed a new system to automatically separate products based on their color. This article presents a new system for identifying and separating industrial products based on their colors. The implemented system consists of three sensors used to detect the colors of the products, four chutes, and two conveyor belts designed to guide objects along the manufacturing path, and three push mechanisms to place objects in their designated places. The system includes an emergency interface, a reset interface, a stop interface, as well as communication using the PN (PROFINET Process Field Net) protocol, a programmable logic controller, and a 1511-1 central processing unit. This system has been precisely programmed and simulated using FACTORY I/O software and TIA PORTAL software to control and monitor the system effectively. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system also includes a Human–Machine Interface user interface for maximum control. The performance of this system was tested by sorting 250 objects of different colors. These tests resulted in the successful separation of a total of 85 blue objects, 89 green objects, and 86 gray (metallic) objects within a time period of 20 min. This system shows wide applicability in various industries including diamond mining, recycling, and grain manufacturing sectors.

Study of Synthesis of Dual-Curing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Hot-Melt Adhesive and Optimization by Using Gray Relational Analysis to Apply in Fabric Industry to Solve Seamless Bonding Issues.

People wear clothes for warmth, survival and necessity in modern life, but in the modern era, eco-friendliness, shortened production times, design and intelligence also matter. To determine the relationship between data series and verify the proximity of each data series, a gray relational analysis, or GRA, is applied to textiles, where seamless bonding technology enhances the bond between components. In this study, a polyurethane prepolymer, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) as an end-capping agent and n-octyl acrylate (ODA) as a photoinitiator were used to synthesize a dual-curing polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. Taguchi quality engineering and a gray relational analysis were used to discuss the influence of different mole ratios of NCO:OH and the effect of the molar ratio of the addition of octyl decyl acrylate on the mechanical strength. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed the termination of the prepolymer's polymerization reaction and the C=O peak intensity at 1730 cm-1, indicating efficient bonding to the main chain. Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) was used to investigate the high-molecular-weight (20,000-30,000) polyurethane polymer bonded with octyl decyl acrylate to achieve a photothermosetting effect. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the polyurethane hot-melt adhesive also increased, and they showed the highest pyrolysis temperature (349.89 °C) for the polyhydric alcohols. Furthermore, high peel strength (1.68 kg/cm) and shear strength (34.94 kg/cm2) values were detected with the dual-cure photothermosetting polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. The signal-to-noise ratio was also used to generate the gray relational degree. It was observed that the best parameter ratio of NCO:OH was 4:1 with five moles of monomer. The Taguchi quality engineering method was used to find the parameters of single-quality optimization, and then the gray relation calculation was used to obtain the parameter combination of multi-quality optimization for thermosetting the polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. The study aims to meet the requirements of seamless bonding in textile factories and optimize experimental parameter design by setting target values that can effectively increase production speed and reduce processing time and costs as well.

Preparation of NaCl Particles Added Polyvinylidene Fluoride Microporous Filter and a Simple Filtration Device

Clean and pollution-free water plays a crucial role in human metabolism and is essential for everyone’s daily life. However, with industrialization, a significant amount of sewage has been produced for many years. Water resources tend to become stressed when the rate of sewage production speed is purified. Many researchers are working on sewage purification to eliminate this hidden danger. It is urgent to find an efficient, high-speed, and environmental way to purify sewage. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of pore morphology on filtration. In addition, a Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-microporous filter (MPF) based on non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) and vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) methods was designed, the morphology and properties of a series of sodium chloride particles (NaCl-ps) added PVDF-MPF was researched, and a simple semi-automatic filtration device based on the character of this PVDF-MPF was manufactured. According to the light transmittance of filtered sewage through PVDF-MPF and NaCl-ps added PVDF-MPF, both PVDF-MPFs can remove particles in sewage. However, after adding NaCl-ps, the purification capacity of PVDF-MPF is higher than that of PVDF-MPF without adding NaCl-ps. The addition of NaCl-ps changes the morphology and improves the sewage purification capacity of PVDF-MPF.

Textile printing: An integrated view of processes, properties, and future prospects

AbstractTextile printing processes consist of the localised application of colour on textile substrates to obtain well‐defined designs and patterns. Currently, there are many textile printing techniques; however, the limitations and selectivity of these techniques still keep the printing method of rotary screen printing the most important and used among them. One of the advantages of rotary printing is its excellent application versatility, which can be used for any fabric and non‐wovens, fibre, or mixtures, with high production speed, quality, colour fastness, and definition. However, due to its high complexity, rotary printing requires great technical knowledge. Rotary printing requires specific application care depending on the fabric structure, fibrous composition, grammage, and type of intended effect. Regardless of the technique used, printed articles need to ensure that the colour remains attached to the substrate, either by direct dye–fibre or indirect pigment–binder–fibre bonding, to resist the conditions of use, that is, light, abrasion, stretching, and washing. The rise in recent publications reflects the search for economic and sustainable textile printing alternatives, focusing on screen printing variables. Based on this, this review aimed to present a comprehensive guide containing all the care and essential technical information for processes based on rotary printing.

Colony level fitness analysis identifies a trade-off between population growth rate and dauer yield in Caenorhabditis elegans

BackgroundIn the evolution from unicellular to multicellular life forms, natural selection favored reduced cell proliferation and even programmed cell death if this increased organismal fitness. Could reduced individual fertility or even programmed organismal death similarly increase the fitness of colonies of closely-related metazoan organisms? This possibility is at least consistent with evolutionary theory, and has been supported by computer modelling. Caenorhabditis elegans has a boom and bust life history, where populations of nematodes that are sometimes near clonal subsist on and consume food patches, and then generate dauer larva dispersal propagules. A recent study of an in silico model of C. elegans predicted that one determinant of colony fitness (measured as dauer yield) is minimization of futile food consumption (i.e. that which does not contribute to dauer yield). One way to achieve this is to optimize colony population structure by adjustment of individual fertility.ResultsHere we describe development of a C. elegans colony fitness assay, and its use to investigate the effect of altering population structure on colony fitness after population bust. Fitness metrics measured were speed of dauer production, and dauer yield, an indirect measure of efficiency of resource utilization (i.e. conversion of food into dauers). We find that with increasing founder number, speed of dauer production increases (due to earlier bust) but dauer yield rises and falls. In addition, some dauer recovery was detected soon after the post-colony bust peak of dauer yield, suggesting possible bet hedging among dauers.ConclusionsThese results suggest the presence of a fitness trade-off at colony level between speed and efficiency of resource utilization in C. elegans. They also provide indirect evidence that population structure is a determinant of colony level fitness, potentially by affecting level of futile food consumption.

Investigation of the parameters influence of the oxy-fuel burner and the test bench parameters on the deviation of the model similarity criterions from the full-scale values

The article presents the results of a study of the workflow parameters influence in the full-scale and model burners of the combustion chamber oxy-fuel combined cycle on the deviation of similarity criteria from full-scale values. The variable parameters are the pressure and velocity of the fluid under model conditions, as well as the power of model and full-scale burners. The supercritical parameters of the working fluid in the cylindrical sections of the combustion zone at a pressure of 30 MPa and a temperature of 1570 ℃ were taken as full-scale conditions. In this paper, the dependences of the deviations of hydrodynamic and thermophysical similarity criteria on the speed and pressure of the combustion products of an oxygen-fuel mixture with carbon dioxide in the working zone of the test bench for burners are obtained. The parameters of the working fluid and the power of model burners are obtained, at which the values of the criteria deviations are minimal.

Erimiş Filament Üretim Yöntemi ile Üretilen Kompozit Yapılarda Yöne Bağlı Yüzey Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi ve İyileştirilmesi

Additive manufacturing methods, which have begun to be used in final product production beyond producing prototypes, are popular research topics today. The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method, which has a wider usage area and user base, is the most well-known among these methods. The method in which the polymer is extruded in layers has advantages such as design freedom and topology optimization, as well as disadvantages such as surface roughness and low production speed. The number of materials that can be used in the FFF method is diversifying day by day, and polymeric composites can also be produced beyond pure polymers. The use of engineering polymers such as polyamide in this production method creates many new opportunities. In addition, the start of production of short fiber reinforced polymeric composites has paved the way to produce high-performance final products. In this study, the effects of parameters such as layer thickness and printing orientation on the surface roughness of samples produced using polyamide and short carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials were examined. Chemical surface treatment was applied to the surfaces of 3D-printed samples to improve surface roughness. It was concluded that the increase in layer thickness increases the surface roughness, the -/+45 filling orientation creates higher roughness than the 0 and 90 orientations, and the surface quality can be increased by chemical surface modification.

On the Control Policy of a Queuing–Inventory System with Variable Inventory Replenishment Speed

This paper considers a make-to-order production–inventory system that comprises a production facility and an inventory warehouse. Customers arrive at the facility to place an order, and the orders are processed using the first-come-first-served (FCFS) discipline. The warehouse supplies inventory items (raw materials) for the production process, and the warehouse inventory is replenished by internal production. The speed of internal production can be controlled through additional costs. If the inventory level drops to zero, the unmet demand waits in the facility until the inventory is replenished. During the stockout period, newly arriving demand is lost. The stationary joint probability of unmet demands and inventory items is derived, and a cost model is constructed. The optimal control policy for internal production is investigated to minimize the cost per unit time of the system. The experimental results show that such a production speed adjustment could reduce costs by up to 42% compared to the cases without the adjustment.