Production Speed Research Articles

A resource-rational model of human processing of recursive linguistic structure

A major goal of psycholinguistic theory is to account for the cognitive constraints limiting the speed and ease of language comprehension and production. Wide-ranging evidence demonstrates a key role for linguistic expectations: A word's predictability, as measured by the information-theoretic quantity of surprisal, is a major determinant of processing difficulty. But surprisal, under standard theories, fails to predict the difficulty profile of an important class of linguistic patterns: the nested hierarchical structures made possible by recursion in human language. These nested structures are better accounted for by psycholinguistic theories of constrained working memory capacity. However, progress on theory unifying expectation-based and memory-based accounts has been limited. Here we present a unified theory of a rational trade-off between precision of memory representations with ease of prediction, a scaled-up computational implementation using contemporary machine learning methods, and experimental evidence in support of the theory's distinctive predictions. We show that the theory makes nuanced and distinctive predictions for difficulty patterns in nested recursive structures predicted by neither expectation-based nor memory-based theories alone. These predictions are confirmed 1) in two language comprehension experiments in English, and 2) in sentence completions in English, Spanish, and German. More generally, our framework offers computationally explicit theory and methods for understanding how memory constraints and prediction interact in human language comprehension and production.

Effects of molecular diffusion modeling on turbulent premixed NH[formula omitted]/H[formula omitted]/air flames

Ammonia (NH3) is a promising carbon-free energy carrier and can be used as a fuel in gas turbines for power generation. Using a blend of NH3 and hydrogen (H2) has the potential to address the poor combustion properties of NH3/air mixtures. Predictive modeling of the NH3/H2 combustion process requires a clear understanding of molecular diffusion due to the high diffusivity of H2. While the effects of molecular diffusion modeling (MDM) have been extensively investigated in laminar/turbulent hydrocarbon and pure H2 flames, comparatively less investigations have been made to explore the impact of MDM on turbulent premixed NH3/H2/air combustion characteristics as well as NO emission. To this end, four three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of temporally evolving turbulent premixed NH3/H2/air jet flames are performed in this work considering MDM methods of increased complexity: 1) unity Lewis number (UL); 2) unity Lewis number with Soret effect (UL+S); 3) mixture-averaged diffusion with Soret effect (MA+S); and 4) full multicomponent diffusion with Soret effect (MC+S), respectively. The emphasis is placed on assessing MDM effects on flame structure, NO production, and combined role of MDM and stretch rate. Comparing MA+S with UL+S under both laminar and turbulent conditions indicates that the differential diffusion effect is significantly suppressed in the turbulent NH3/H2/air flames considered here. While MDM can affect the local equivalence ratio, it is found that the choice of the MDM method has a negligible impact on the major species and NO distribution conditioned on progress variable, as well as on critical reactions. However, MDM still shows a notable impact on NO production and turbulent flame speed. Specifically, from the most detailed model (MC+S) to the most simplified model (UL), the NO production speed decreases by 30% for the fuel pathway but increases by 338% for the thermal pathway; simultaneously, the global turbulent flame speed decreases by 18%. Furthermore, it is found that both NO mass fraction and local displacement speed are very sensitive to flame curvature and strain, while MDM has a negligible impact on the responses of normalized NO mass fraction and local displacement speed to the change in flame curvature or strain. This suggests that the effects of curvature and strain should be included in flamelet-based models to accurately predict NO emission and NH3/H2/air flame propagation, even when using the assumption of unity Lewis number.

Effect of Fabrication Conditions of Spread Commingled Yarns as Intermediate Materials for Molding on the Performance

In recent years, continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites have attracted attention for their high mechanical properties, secondary workability, and recyclability. However, it is not easy to impregnate thermoplastic resin into reinforcing fiber bundles because the melt viscosity of thermoplastic resin before curing is higher than that of thermosetting resin. One of the methods to solve this problem is to use intermediate materials, and this study focused on a commingled yarn by using the fiber tow spreading-commingling technology (hereinafter referred to as spread commingled yarn). In this study, spread commingled yarns were produced under different fabrication speed conditions, and the impregnation properties of molded products using the spread commingled yarns were investigated to obtain guidelines for high-speed production of highly impregnated spread commingled yarn. The effects of un-impregnation ratio of the molded products on the mechanical properties of the molded products were also investigated. The results of this study revealed that increasing the dispersion ratio of carbon and resin fibers was most important for the use of spread commingled yarn as an intermediate material for molding. In order to increase the dispersion ratio, it was important to increase the f/v value, which was the vibration frequency of the transducer divided by the spread commingled yarn production speed under conditions where the transducer and carbon fibers were in contact. The quantitative demonstration of the boundary condition that switch between contact and non-contact suggests a design guideline for improving the production rate of highly dispersed spread commingled yarn.

Isotropic 3D printing using material extrusion of thin shell and post-casting of reinforcement core

Material extrusion (ME) can be used to manufacture a range of three-dimensional shapes by stacking extruded polymer layers with a heated nozzle. While the process is suitable for customized production in small quantities, the use of ME-printed features is often limited with regard to mechanical purposes due to the intrinsic anisotropic strength shortcoming, as parts can easily failure against a load in the transverse direction. In addition, the production speed for multiple parts is another major drawback preventing real competition with other mass manufacturing technologies. In this paper, we introduce an additive manufacturing strategy of shell pre-printing and core post-casting (referring as shell-core printing) that effectively enhances the isotropic strength and the production speed. Shell-core printing involves 3D printing a thin shell of the three-dimensional shape using the conventional ME method, followed by the injection and curing of a reinforcement resin inside the core. We show that the transverse strength of the layered shell can be reinforced by the core and that the reinforcement can be more effective when the shell-core interface roughness is effectively removed. Using an additional surface-polishing step between the pre-printing and the post-casting, the degree of isotropy with regard to the strength can be enhanced significantly from 0.4 to nearly 1, while the overall production time can also be reduced by half that in the conventional ME process. We also investigate the tensile behavior of the shell-core printed specimen and experimentally verify that the characteristics in general follow the classical theory of the rule of mixtures. In addition, we find that many different fracture modes exist in shell-core printed parts depending on the adhesive strength at the shell-core interface. We provide a theoretical criterion for the interfacial bonding energy which determines the different fracture behaviors and experimentally validate this in a mode II fracture test. • We introduce a shell-core printing strategy, material extrusion of 3D shell and casting of reinforcement material in the core. • Shell-core printing can improve the degree of isotropy in strength from 0.4 to nearly 1. • Total production time of shell-core printing can also be reduced by half that in general material extrusion 3D printing. • Shell-core Interface topography and adhesive strength determine the fracture behavior of the printed shell-core products.

A comparative analysis for the cleaner production of vortex spun yarn based on the nozzle position

Spinning is the process of combining and twisting a string of fibers to create a yarn. Vortex spun yarn is one of the advanced development for the high quality and production speeds in the spinning sections. This study aims to analyze and compare the properties of vortex spun yarns of different fibers based on the nozzle position. Here, polyester, viscose, modal, and blended of cotton and polyester fibers were used to prepare the vortex spun yarn. The nozzle positions were also changed during the production of vortex spun yarn. The different yarn properties like mass variation, imperfection, hairiness, tensile strength, and elongation were measured to evaluate the performance of yarn qualities. It was observed that the yarn performance of different fibers was also depended on the nozzle position. The results indicated that using the shorter distance between the front roller and the spindle, the vortex spun yarn performances were increased. As a result, analyzing many relevant parameters and nozzle position depending on the vortex spun properties establishes a clear strategy for the industrial manufacture of spinning that is more environmentally friendly.

Controlling the Thermal and Rheological Properties of Silicate Glasses for Development of Advanced Mold Flux Systems

Development of the advanced mold flux is always mandatory to enhance both the quality and productivity of continuous casting of steels. Especially, the increasing demands for high alloy steels production and high speed casting reveals serious contradiction between two principal functions of mold flux: lubrication and controlling heat transfer. In order to overcome this problematic needs, some innovative research activities are being carried out. MAE (Mixed Alkali Effect) has been examined in alumino-borosilicate-based mold system to stabilize alkali cation and aluminum association, which enables chemically stable glassy mold flux film during casting of high alloy steels. Non-Newtonian mold fluxes could be developed by addition of Si3N4 or SiC due to the increase of stiffness of polymeric structure, which would be beneficial to satisfy the contradictory requirements of viscosity at mold top surface and mold wall. Some innovative ideas for controlling mold heat transfer without deteriorating the lubrication have been examined by dispersion of nano-size metallic particles and by modification of prenucleation motif. All these trials are closely related with glass science and engineering. Therefore, it should be highly beneficial to enhance the collaborative research activities between glass and metallurgy society for further development of advanced functional mold flux systems.

HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT

High-tech industry stands out as progressive, inovative field of industry which continuously makes investments towards R&D development. High-tech industry also has distinguishing features such as rapid use of new science findings and constant investments to new equipment, which tends to quickly depreciate and is replaced. Also, high-tech industry companies typicaly cooperate with international organisations, research centers and universities. It is not unusual for high-tech industry companies to have a lot of patents and licences. It is difficult to implement business improvement models, which tend to increase competitive advantage by reducing production cost, increasing production speed and reducing delivery time in continiously evolving high-tech industry companies. In this paper the posibility to implement business improvement models in high-tech industry is analyzed. Additionaly, employee motivation and initiative, as factors of business model implementation success is analyzed. Finally, based on the research of scientific literature and empirical data of two high-tech industry companies a model for high-tech industry performance improvement is proposed, which also introduces tools to improve employee motivation and initiative.

Linking business intelligence with the performance of new service products: Insight from a dynamic capabilities perspective

There are ongoing predictions that business intelligence (BI) capabilities will lead to the improved performance of new service products (NSPs). However, theoretical and empirical research have yet to explain the nature of this contribution. Based on dynamic capability theory, the current research suggests a model explaining how BI capabilities could impact the performance of NSPs. Specifically, it suggests that BI capabilities could lead to better NSP performance by facilitating proximal conditions of NSP, including customer value anticipation capacity, NSP innovativeness capacity and new product speed to market capacity. The results, based on responses by 583 service firms’ marketing and sales directors, indicated that benefits from BI capabilities could be realised indirectly via their intermediate impact on proximal conditions, which in turn influence the outcome of the impact of variables on NSP performance. The contribution of this research is a better theoretical understanding and advanced managerial insight into practices on the use of BI as a tool to enhance NSP performance instead of relying on the prevailing anecdotal evidence.

Variability of sea salt and methanesulfonate in firn cores from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica: Their links to oceanic and atmospheric condition variability in the Ross Sea

The potential ice core proxies of variability in oceanic and atmospheric conditions over the Ross Sea were evaluated. This study examined sea salt sodium (ss–Na+) and biogenic sulfur (methanesulfonate, MS–) records, covering 23 years between 1990 and 2012, from two firn cores drilled on the Styx Glacier plateau (SGP), northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica, to examine the potential links between those records and datasets for various climate variables. The comparison showed that the interannual variability of the ss–Na+ record is closely related to Pacific–South American mode 2 (PSA2) in the Ross Sea sector, exhibiting an increased ss–Na+ flux, owing most likely to more frequent penetration of maritime air masses from the western Ross Sea to the SGP when the winter/spring PSA2 mode becomes more pronounced. The observed MS– record revealed statistically significant positive correlations with the changes in the summertime chlorophyll a concentration in the Ross Sea polynya (RSP) and wind speed in the southern Ross Sea region. This indicates the dominant role of a combination of changes in the summertime primary productivity and wind speed over the RSP in modulating the MS– deposition flux at the SGP. These results highlight the suitability of the ss–Na+ and MS– records from the SGP as proxies for characterizing the dominant patterns of variability in oceanic and atmospheric conditions and their underlying mechanisms on interannual and longer timescales beyond the instrumental limits over the Ross Sea region.

Machining Process Analysis for Machine Tool Selection Based on Form-Shaping Motions Using Statistical Analysis

: Productivity, cost of equipment and Ability to provide satisfactory service and when selecting machine tools Important to consider are factors. Machine tool selection is one of many manufacturing companies It is an important decision-making process. Improperly selected Machinery as a whole of production system reduce efficiency. speed of production, Quality, cost and efficiency will be used Lathes, Drilling Machines, Shaping Machines, planning machines, drilling machines, milling machines. Machine tools are also known as "work machines". They are various machines and Manufacture of processing equipment Machines to do. They are fully mechanical play an important role in the development of the industry, Depends on the type of machine tool. So, they are the mother of machines are called Machine tool Frictional materials in technology, Casting manufacturing, transmission, electrical equipment, including system integration etc. Conversely, machine tools are consumers Electronics, Automobile Industry, Mechanical Manufacturing, Electrical Equipment, Railway locomotives, Shipbuilding Industry, Defense Industry, Aerospace Industry Includes. and others occupations. A machine is a and to use forces to perform action Power to control movement A physical system that uses This term usually refers to artificial devices Engines or motors Used for, etc. But like molecular machines Also applied to natural biological macromolecules.

What Makes Agile Software Development Agile?

Together with many success stories, promises such as the increase in production speed and the improvement in stakeholders' collaboration have contributed to making agile a transformation in the software industry in which many companies want to take part. However, driven either by a natural and expected evolution or by contextual factors that challenge the adoption of agile methods as prescribed by their creator(s), software processes in practice mutate into hybrids over time. Are these still agile? In this article, we investigate the question: what makes a software development method agile? We present an empirical study grounded in a large-scale international survey that aims to identify software development methods and practices that improve or tame agility. Based on 556 data points, we analyze the perceived degree of agility in the implementation of standard project disciplines and its relation to used development methods and practices. Our findings suggest that only a small number of participants operate their projects in a purely traditional or agile manner (under 15%). That said, most project disciplines and most practices show a clear trend towards increasing degrees of agility. Compared to the methods used to develop software, the selection of practices has a stronger effect on the degree of agility of a given discipline. Finally, there are no methods or practices that explicitly guarantee or prevent agility. We conclude that agility cannot be defined solely at the process level. Additional factors need to be taken into account when trying to implement or improve agility in a software company. Finally, we discuss the field of software process-related research in the light of our findings and present a roadmap for future research.

Multi-objective carbon-efficient scheduling in distributed permutation flow shops under consideration of transportation efforts

The reduction of carbon emissions plays a crucial role in achieving the goals of cleaner production. Thereby, the total amount of emissions depends not only on the used production technologies but on the electricity mix and the transportation of products to customers. Nevertheless, despite significant differences of these factors based on the location of respective manufacturing facilities, they have not been considered explicitly in distributed manufacturing until now. Therefore, we study a multi-objective distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem to equally minimize makespan and carbon emission caused by both production and transportation. This creates the challenge of strategically assigning jobs to factories, sequencing jobs in a factory, and selecting the production speed. Firstly, a mixed-integer programming model is presented. With the help of the adaptive bisection ϵ-constraint method, small instances are solved optimally, enabling an analysis of the problem characteristics. Furthermore, a novel multi-objective iterated greedy algorithm is proposed to solve realistic instances. A comparison with the established Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm 2 proves its efficiency and suitability for solving the problem at hand. Finally, a case study provides detailed insights on the impact of certain influencing factors such as product weights, production-related energy consumption, and the heterogeneity of the production facilities in the network. The results emphasize the importance of appropriate scheduling approaches to obtain economic and ecological efficiency in production networks.

ANALISIS KINERJA DAN KEUNTUNGAN AGROINDUSTRI KERUPUK IKAN MIKY MOSE DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

The purposes of this study are to analyze performance and analyze the profit of fish crackers ‘kerupuk ikan’ Miky Mose Agroindustry. The location of the study is determined deliberately as the consideration that the kerupuk ikan Miky Mose Agroindustry uses the main raw material of tapioca starch, which comes from cassava and fish, and the agroindustry is active in producing crackers since 1998. Respondents in this study were owners, employees, traders, consumers, and the Bandar Lampung City Industry Service. The data collection was carried out in March - April 2020. The analytical method used is the analysis of production performance and profit analysis based on revenue and total costs,. The results showed that the performance of kerupuk ikan Miky Mose Agroindustry performance based on productivity aspect, capacity, quality, and speed of delivery are in good category, while based on the flexibility aspects it is not in good category. Kerupuk ikan Miky Mose Agroindustry received profit from total costs were IDR9,257,730.56/month. This shows that the kerupuk ikan Miky Mose Agroindustry is feasible to be developed. Key words: Agroindustry, performance, production, profit

Blended structural optimization for wire-and-arc additively manufactured beams

Current manufacturing techniques in the construction sector are slow, expensive and constrained in terms of architectural shapes. In other manufacturing sectors (such as automotive and aerospace) the use of automated construction systems significantly improved the safety, speed, quality and complexity of products. To realize real-scale structural elements for construction applications without ideally any geometrical constraints either in size or shape, the most suitable manufacturing solution for metallic elements is a directed energy deposition (DED) process referred to as wire-and-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The main advantage of WAAM relies on the possibility to create new shapes and forms following the breakthrough design tools for modern architecture as algorithm-aided design. At the same time, the printed part ensures high structural performances with reduced material use with respect to the conventional solution. The study presents a new approach called “blended” structural optimization, which blends topology optimization with basic principles of structural design and manufacturing constraints proper of WAAM technology, towards the realization of new efficient structural elements. The approach is applied to the case study of a I-type stainless steel beam on a multi-storey frame building. The approach could pave the way towards an efficient use of WAAM process to produce a new generation of structurally optimized elements for construction, with a more conscious use of the optimization tools and an efficient application of metal 3D printing.

Non-destructive online seal integrity inspection utilizing autoencoder-based electrical capacitance tomography for product packaging assurance

Good quality packaging prevents contamination, secures preservation, and increases the ease of transportation in food and medical industries. One particular weakness of the package lies in the seal region where contents can be unintentionally incorporated, which disrupts the sealing process and compromises the structure and durability of the seal. To validate the seal quality effectively at high speed, a non-destructive high-resolution inspection approach combining enhanced sensors and reconstruction techniques is required. As the seal is flat and defects are minuscule, sensors have to be placed along the contour of the seal to achieve sufficient sensitivity. However, such conformal sensor placement poses new challenges to the ill-posed traditional tomography reconstruction. To overcome the limitation of sensing angle projections, imbalance in pixel representation and physical measurements, and asymmetric geometry of the sensed region, we propose a high-speed supervised autoencoder reconstruction approach. In this paper, our approach achieves high reconstruction image quality of irregular seal regions despite conformal sensor placement. While overcoming the limitations faced in traditional tomography, our model can be seamlessly integrated into the production line for real-time defect detection without affecting production speed and effectively minimizing manufacturing wastage and downtime.

Contact resistance heating of unidirectional carbon fibre tows in a powder-epoxy towpregging line

ABSTRACT Contact resistances play a major role in Joule heating systems. Identifying contact resistances provides a better understanding of the heating process and increases the accuracy of the process models. In this study, contact resistances of the Joule heating section in a powder-epoxy-based towpregging line were explored. For different process parameters, such as production speed, tension, and temperature, contact resistances occurring between metal roller electrodes and dry carbon fibre tows (i.e. without powder-epoxy) were measured to gain an insight into the heating process. Moreover, the effect of contact resistance heating on the temperature profile of the carbon fibre tows was determined with an infrared thermal camera. A simplified finite element model was developed to calculate the temperature distribution onthe carbon fibre tow, which showed a good agreement with the experimental data. Results suggest that contact resistances in the towpregging line were significant and contact resistance heating changed the heating profile.

Bioprinting as a food production technique: conceptual and ethical aspects, advantages and disadvantages, and applications

3D bioprinters present techniques that have various applications in the food industry. For this reason, this work aims to compile and review various research works focused on the utilities and advantages of this type of machinery. Where we first mention the basis of these bioprinting techniques and then proceed to highlight the bioethical issues that surround their application in the food industry, analyze the current advantages and disadvantages, the user that has been given in the production of food for astronauts, and also mention some of the research that has been taking place in Latin America and the world. The greatest advantage of 3D bioprinting of food is the speed of production compared to traditional manufacturing methods, allowing one to obtain food with various geometric shapes; it allows control of the nutritional value, and the texture of the product, reduces environmental pollution and has the advantage of being able to take advantage of the greater performance of the materials required for production. Additionally, this technology is considered an alternative production technique that will be used to solve the problem of feeding in places of scarce resources such as space and areas not suitable for animal husbandry.

A cost-effective approach after implementation of timing belt drive in the cotton ring-spinning frame

The preliminary design of this work aimed at determining whether a flat belt or timing belt drive system was the optimal operating condition for the ring frame machine. The evaluation of production speed, slippage %, and cost of the ring frame machine was performed by implementing flat and tooth-bearing timing belt drives. In addition, the six-month-long survey-based analysis included the variation in production length, doffing weight, and production speed of the process. Throughout the study, other parameters that might be affecting the production and the operating system were kept similar. The study found that the timing belt drive system is the optimal condition improves the production parameters and minimizes the operating cost. Moreover, for the same service life, on average, around $69.67 more profit can be achieved from the machine equipped with a timing belt while keeping the slippage % minimum at a value of 0.59%. The timing belt system increased the production of 1091.797 kg, doffing weight of 912.702 kg, as well as consumption of energy 2952.098 KWH in the study period of six months. As a result, the implementation of the timing belt drive in the cotton ring-spinning frame can be a sustainable approach in the textile spinning industry.

3D-printed medical models supply chain: barriers modeling and analysis

PurposeThis study aims to identify 3D-printed medical model (3DPMM) supply chain barriers that affect the supply chain of 3DPMM in the Indian context and investigate the interdependencies between the barriers to establish hierarchical relations between them to improve the supply chain.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to identify the hierarchical and contextual relations among the barriers to the 3DPMM supply chain.FindingsA total of 15 3DPMM supply chain barriers were identified in this study. The analysis identified limited materials options, slow production speed, manual post-processing, high-skilled data analyst, design and customization expert and simulation accuracy as the significant driving barriers for the medical models supply chain for hospitals. In addition, the authors identified linkage and dependent barriers. The present study findings would help to improve the 3DPMM supply chain.Research limitations/implicationsThere were no experts from other nations, so this study might have missed a few 3DPMM supply chain barriers that would have been significant from another nation’s perspective.Practical implicationsISM would help practitioners minimize 3DPMM supply chain barriers, while DEMATEL allows practitioners to emphasize the causal effects of 3DPMM supply chain barriers.Originality/valueThis study minimizes the 3DPMM supply chain barriers for medical applications through a hybrid ISM and DEMATEL methodology that has not been investigated in the literature.

Effect of Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameters on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of FeCrNi MEA: An Atomistic Study

In our study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) have been conducted on equimolar FeNiCr medium entropy alloy (MEA) powders. With the development of newer LPBF technologies capable of printing at the microscale, an even deeper understanding of the underlying atomistic effects of the process parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the manufactured FeNiCr MEA products is required. In accordance with previous literature, the parameters of the LPBF process have been systematically varied, including layer resolution from 1 to 6, laser power from 100 {\mu}W to 220 {\mu}W, bed temperature from 300 K to 1200 K, and laser scan speed from 0.5 {\AA}/ps to 0.0625 {\AA}/ps. Consistent with prior macroscopic experimental findings, the atomistic results suggest that additive manufacturing using thinner layers imparts higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) than fabricating with thicker layers. The latter, however, requires a shorter process time but induces keyhole defect formation if the laser-induced temperature is not sufficiently high enough. Increasing the temperature proves useful in mitigating this problem. Enhancement of UTS for the multi-rowed powders has been observed by raising the substrate temperature to 600 K or laser power to 160 {\mu}W during production. Beyond these critical limits, however, the UTS of the product diminishes due to the emergence of multiple vacancies. The results of our present study will help researchers to find a good balance between the production speed and strength of additive manufactured products at the nanoscale.