Construction Speed Research Articles

Analysis of full-scale wind and pressure measurements on a low-rise frame-supported fabric expedient aircraft hangar

The use of lightweight fabric structures as a substitute for traditional building materials, such as wood, concrete, masonry, and steel has become more commonplace. Attractive selection criteria include speed of construction as well as being an economically affordable alternative for many owners. However, lightweight fabric structures come with unique engineering considerations such as the increased vulnerability to environmental loading from wind and snow when compared to more traditional and massive (i.e., heavier) building systems. This paper examines the wind-induced response of an in-service 818 SM (8,800 sf) frame-supported fabric Large-Area Maintenance Structure monitored using a suite of structural and environmental instrumentation. Analysis of such structures is missing in the published literature. The study evaluates structural performance relative to the structural design parameters and assumptions using a combination of an in-situ monitoring study, numerical modeling, and targeted material and component-level testing that characterized accurate fundamental material properties and the behavior of key connections. The study finds a high degree of uncertainty in the longitudinal load path for the Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS) due to the flexibility of the structure. Additionally, irregularly shaped structures that deviate significantly from rectangular, gable-roofed structures, wind tunnel testing or other means should be used to demonstrate that the maximum wind effects are adequately enveloped. This study also demonstrates a framework for fully remote structural monitoring systems that can provide near-continuous monitoring of the structural response of in-service structures.

Optimizing Well Drilling Engineer's Workflow: A Geomechanics Approach

The results of applying drilling engineering tools in planned deviated and horizontal wells of oil and gas condensate fields have been examined. The basis for the implementation of a comprehensive approach was the information obtained from drilling horizontal wells in the West and East Siberia, Volga-Ural region, and Iraqi Kurdistan. A synthetic model is considered as an example of the data, incorporating geomechanical and geological properties. As a result of the conducted audit of the geomechanical model and drilling process, the methodologies used were further developed to obtain optimal drilling fluid densities, aiming to prevent cavity formation on well walls, hydraulic fractures, and other related issues. The implementation of the Python programming language was introduced in the stages of geomechanical model preparation, resulting in a time acceleration of up to 20%. During the pre-drilling stage, technological operations were synchronized with the geomechanical model, increasing the involvement of process participants through the synchronization of knowledge areas. The interrelation between drilling technology, drilling parameters, properties of flushing fluids, and rock stability analysis was established, ensuring a 5% increase in construction speed (through NPT reduction and modification of existing tools and technological operations) and accident-free drilling of complex deviated and horizontal wells, provided that the recommended drilling parameters are followed.

Determination of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Toona Ciliata and Acrocarpus Fraxinifolius Woods from São Paulo State

The use of wood in construction has many advantages, such as and the use of as speed of construction, high mechanical resistance, greater thermo-acoustic comfort, and sustainability with the use of reforestation wood. In Brazil, the main wood from planted forests are pine and eucalyptus, but other species are being planted in national soil such as Toona ciliata and Acrocarpus fraxinifolius. However, to use wood for structural purposes without compromising the safety of users, it is necessary to know the properties of wood. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of Toona ciliata and Acrocarpus fraxinifolius. The properties evaluated were basic density, apparent density, shrinkage, strength, and modulus of elasticity in compression parallel to the fibers and tension strength perpendicular to the fibers, according to the test methods of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190:2022. Statistical analyses were performed using the t test at the 5% level of significance. Both woods have potential for structural use, with high mechanical properties and good dimensional stability, being like other woods already applied for this purpose. Acrocarpus fraxinifolius wood showed better mechanical properties than Toona ciliata due to its higher basic density. Australian cedar wood has been classified as D35 and Indian cedar wood has been classified as D70, due to its resistance to compression parallel to the fibers.

Perception Analysis of the Transformation from a Fishery-Led to Industry-Led Island with its Human Settlement Changes: A Case Study of Liuheng Island, Zhoushan City, China

Based on the theories of industrial structure and settlement environment, this paper conducts a quantitative and qualitative study to investigate how the evolution in the industrial structure of the island affects the settlement environment with relevant statistical data, local chronicles, and questionnaire survey data. The study found that the industrial structure of Liuheng Island has transformed from a fishery-led to industry-led island, which has led to the rapid increase of urbanization on Liuheng Island, and the public service facilities have been increasingly densely distributed urban-type communities with high modernization levels, such as Longshan Community, Xuanzhuotou Community, and Taimen Community. The local residents of Liuheng Island are also satisfied with the public service facilities in terms of facility availability, transportation convenience, environmental comfort, and environmental health. For a period, the island residents were particularly concerned about the regional differences in environmental health, and the main reasons were the industrial structure upgrade towards industrialization, which would cause certain industrial waste emissions, and the pressure of commuting within the island, which would affect residents’ sense of security. This indicates that the evolution of industrial structure will directly affect the speed and quality of urban and rural settlement hardware construction and also, to a certain extent, the subjective perceptions of residents around the dense industrial areas on the state of the settlement, especially in terms of environmental health and community living safety.

GPU‐Accelerated LOD Generation for Point Clouds

AbstractAbout: We introduce a GPU‐accelerated LOD construction process that creates a hybrid voxel‐point‐based variation of the widely used layered point cloud (LPC) structure for LOD rendering and streaming. The massive performance improvements provided by the GPU allow us to improve the quality of lower LODs via color filtering while still increasing construction speed compared to the non‐filtered, CPU‐based state of the art.Background: LOD structures are required to render hundreds of millions to trillions of points, but constructing them takes time.Results: LOD structures suitable for rendering and streaming are constructed at rates of about 1 billion points per second (with color filtering) to 4 billion points per second (sample‐picking/random sampling, state of the art) on an RTX 3090 – an improvement of a factor of 80 to 400 times over the CPU‐based state of the art (12 million points per second). Due to being in‐core, model sizes are limited to about 500 million points per 24GB memory.Discussion: Our method currently focuses on maximizing in‐core construction speed on the GPU. Issues such as out‐of‐core construction of arbitrarily large data sets are not addressed, but we expect it to be suitable as a component of bottom‐up out‐of‐core LOD construction schemes.

Review on Traffic Light Control Systems Based on Single-Chip Microcomputers and Smart Traffic Light Control Systems

With the development of the economy and the improvement of living standards, the number of private cars is increasing, which brings about traffic congestion and increased traffic safety hazards. Although some cities have widened some urban roads, traffic congestion and traffic safety hazards have not been effectively alleviated, and the speed of road construction and urban construction is far from meeting the needs of citizens. Therefore, traffic congestion is the primary problem that needs to be solved at present. This paper introduces single-chip microcomputers with their functions and applications as well as designs for traffic light control systems based on microcomputers. By comparing previous research designs and models, this paper points out the comparisons between different models and provides research suggestions and future prospects.

Location Selection of Electric Vehicles Charging Stations Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process and Clustering Algorithm

In recent years, the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) in China has been developing quickly, yet the charging station industry still faces problems such as unreasonable layout, difficulty in profitability and limited coverage. Based on this, this paper systematically compared the key factors of charging facility location and used the AHP method to measure the degree of influence of various factors at different levels on the location of charging stations of enterprises, so as to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation model for the location of charging stations. Secondly, we selected 12 typical enterprises such as TELD NEW ENERGY Co., Ltd.from the dimensions of company scale and strategic objectives, and then classified them into state-owned enterprises, vehicle enterprises and specialized operating enterprises through k-means clustering. Finally it turns out that various types of enterprises are in the stage of differentiation in the investment and construction speed of charging station enterprises. In addition, this study proposes personalized siting solutions for different types of charging piles, and makes referenceable suggestions for the siting of charging stations.
 
 
 atasets MNIST and CIFAR-10. After a few epochs, the model is convergent and reaches high accuracy of 99.34% in MNIST and 92.04% in CIFAR-10. This model outperforms the single CNN and some state-of-the-art models in classifying both datasets, especially in distinguishing similar images like ‘6’ and ‘9’, ‘bird’ and ‘plane’. These results indicate the model's good robustness and generality.

Implementation of Information Modelling Technology in Design of Structures of a Single-Storey Industrial Building

Currently, much attention is paid to the structural reliability and safety of buildings and structures, as well as the speed and quality of design and construction. The increase in these indicators is facilitated by the expansion of the use of information modelling technology through the integration of new calculation methods into the digital building model.The paper considers the design of structures of a single-storey frame industrial building using information modeling technology. The order of work in the programs “Tekla Structures” and “Crystal” is presented on specific examples. Conclusions are given about the advantages of using BIM technologies in the construction industry.

Cross-sectional and bidirectional connection design methods for volumetric steel modules

Modular steel constructions (MSCs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their advantages such as rapid construction speed, less demand for on-site labor, quick demolition, and recycling after demolition. An architecturally pleasing all bolted joint called modular bidirectional load-bearing and energy-dissipating joint (MBJ) with innovative modular bidirectional load-bearing and energy-dissipating connectors (MBC) was proposed in this study to achieve vertical and horizontal connection of adjacent modules simultaneously. Design methods that involve cross-sectional design of modules, as well as bidirectional connection design among modules were proposed to establish a relationship between the design of modules and MSCs by “equal initial stiffness” principles of MBJs and traditional bidirectional joints (TBJ). The initial stiffness of MBJs is based on a deep analysis of the force transfer mechanism and deformation characteristics of MBJ panel zones. The FEM of the MBJs was set according to the verified modeling approach, in contrast to the experimental results. Finite element models were set to verify the proposed design method, and theoretical studies were conducted. Our findings show that the ratio of the total cross-sectional moment of inertia of adjacent columns to that of the traditional column ranged from 0.600 to 1.228, the “equal initial stiffness” of MBJs to that of TBJs can be achieved, and the lateral strength of MBJs is consistently greater than that of the corresponding TSJs. In addition, the proposed design method can easily achieve standardization of modules because the ratio of the total cross-sectional moment of inertia of the MBC, ceiling beam, and floor beam to that of traditional beams is in a large range. The maximum error of the initial stiffness of the MBJs between the FEM results and theoretical values was 13.89 %, which meets the engineering accuracy requirements. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design of MSCs for seismic regions.

Exploring the Level and Influencing Factors of Digital Village Development in China: Insights and Recommendations

Digital rural construction is an important strategy for rural revitalization. In order to improve the precision of digital rural measurement, a set of evaluation indicators for digital rural construction was devised in this study. The study uses the entropy method, kernel density estimation and system clustering to quantify the level of China’s digital rural construction, as well as the Tobit test and other techniques. From the perspective of time series evolution, the construction of digital villages grew continuously, with a peak in 2020. After that, the speed of digital village construction slowed down slightly because of economic changes in both domestic and international environments. In terms of dynamic evolution, the core density curve of China’s digital rural construction shifted to the right between 2011 and 2021, accompanied by gradient influence and a multipolar development trend; local general budget revenue, the per capita disposable income of rural residents, rural infrastructure investment, computer ownership per 100 rural residents, added value of primary industry, education level, and rural power generation are some of the factors that affect the development level of China’s digital countryside. This study is helpful in understanding the influencing aspects of China’s digital rural construction, thereby facilitating the formation of suitable digital rural development strategies in various regions depending on the real scenario.

Experimental Study on the Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Pipes with Corrosion-Thinning Defects Repaired by UHP-ECC Mortar Spraying

The in situ spraying method is widely used because of its advantages as a trenchless pipeline repair technology, including a fast construction speed and close bonding between the repair lining layer and the reinforced concrete pipe. However, current research on high-performance spray repair materials, the bearing capacity of pipelines before and after repair, and the failure modes between the two interfaces after repair is insufficient. Through laboratory tests designed with multiple sets of control tests, this paper outlines the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete pipelines with corrosion thinning defects repaired with ultra-high-performance concrete. The variation law of the residual bearing capacity of reinforced concrete pipes and the influence of different corrosion degrees, repair thicknesses, and interface forms on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete pipes were studied following UHP-ECC for pipe repair. The results showed that the bearing capacity of the structure decreased with an increase in the corrosion thickness of the pipeline. After repair with ultra-high-performance concrete, the bearing capacity of corroded pipelines greatly improved. When the corrosion and repair thicknesses were the same, the bearing capacity of the repaired pipeline with different interface forms was very different. After the interface was implanted with nails, spray repair was carried out and the bearing capacity of the pipeline improved the most, followed by the naturally bonded interface. When plastic film was pasted on the repair interface, the bearing capacity of the pipeline improved the least.

Seismic Evaluation of Building having Steel Concrete Composite Columns and RC Beams

Abstract: Steel concrete composite structures are gaining popularity due to the advantages they offer over the conventional reinforced concrete and steel structures like the ease and speed of construction. In the light of this, it becomes essential to understand the behaviour of this type of structures when used in buildings. This study mainly focuses on the use of building frame consisting of steel-concrete composite column section with the reinforced concrete beams. To achieve this objective, the seismic analysis of the buildings was chosen for evaluating the performances of the buildings designed and analyses using Indian standards. The building selected for the study was rectangular in plan andhad an elevation of 30 meters with no plan or vertical irregularity present. The gravity loads considered for the building are in compliance with the IS 875 Part 1 and IS 875 Part 2. However, the gravity loads used in case of both buildings were kept to be same as the prime focusof the study was seismic analysis. The materials used for the design of the building with respect to Indian standards are E345 grade of steel and M30 grade of concrete. Various codes of practices including IS 456, IS 11384, IS 1893 and IS 13920 have been used throughout the study in case of the building designed and analysed with respect to Indian standards. The assumptions regarding the seismic characteristics of the buildings are also selected of the same nature for both the buildings. A finite element modellingbased software ETABs is used to carry out the design and analysis for the buildings. The buildings were designed with respect to the selected gravity loads and the seismic loads to obtain the section details to be used for seismic analysis. The building with finally obtainedsection sizes is used for carrying out the nonlinear analysis. This includes both the nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analysisas they both have their respective advantages in predicting the behaviour of the structure. For carrying out nonlinear analysis both material as well as geometric nonlinearity is considered. In case of the nonlinear dynamic analysis, the ground motions with respect to the guidelines of FEMA P695 and ASCE 7-16 were selected and scaled to perform the analysis. A total of 11 time histories were considered for NLTHA to have a thorough analysis. Various factors such as thecapacity curves, story displacements, base shears and story drifts were considered for evaluation of the seismic performance of both the buildings. The results obtained from the analysis of both thebuildings are represented in the form of tables and graphs, and are compared with each other to study the differences observed. It can be concluded that the buildings designed composite columns offers a better ductility and thus is more earthquake resistant

USING A DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION TOOL TO PREDICT THE SPEED OF SMALL CROSS SECTION TUNNELING BY DRILLING AND BLASTING METHOD

Compared to medium- and large-sized underground tunnels, construction of small cross section tunnels has different conditions: in terms of construction organization space, vehicles and workers especially transportation in narrow roads thatonly one vehicle is allowed to pass. This article studies the small cross section tunneling construction in rocks with different coefficients of consolidation (fkp) and predicts the tunneling construction speed for the narrow segment by using EZStrobe software to simulate. The results are compared with the baseline model in case without narrow segmentation, and also indicate a reasonable number of transport vehicles should be used.

The Effect of Steel Trusses on the Mechanical Performance of Laminated Precast Slabs

Laminated concrete slabs can deliver desirable structural properties and effectively improve the speed of construction. According to their basic specifications, laminated concrete slabs comprise a 60 mm precast concrete slab and a 70 mm concrete layer cast in situ, with a steel truss bar at a height of 80 mm. This paper studies the effects of the steel truss bar on the mechanical properties of precast slabs. A simple but accurate method is proposed for calculating the stiffness of precast slabs. The test results show that the steel truss bar has a limited effect on the stiffness of the precast slab but will weaken the compression strength of the concrete, resulting in a significant reduction in the ultimate bearing capacity of the precast slab. Further discussions show that eliminating the steel truss bar and appropriately increasing the thickness of the precast slab can effectively increase the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the precast slab, as well as reduce the consumption of the floor reinforcement by about 26%.

Fingerprinting-based Minimal Perfect Hashing Revisited

In this paper we study a fingerprint-based minimal perfect hash function ( FMPH for short). While FMPH is not as space-efficient as some other minimal perfect hash functions (for example RecSplit, CHD, or PTHash), it has a number of practical advantages that make it worthy of consideration. FMPH is simple and quite fast to evaluate. Its construction requires very little auxiliary memory, takes a short time and, in addition, can be parallelized or carried out without holding keys in memory. In this paper, we propose an effective method (called FMPHGO ) that reduces the size of FMPH, as well as a number of implementation improvements. In addition, we experimentally study FMPHGO performance and find the best values for its parameters. Our benchmarks show that with our method and an efficient structure to support the rank queries on a bit vector, the FMPH size can be reduced to about 2.1 bits/key, which is close to the size achieved by state-of-the-art methods and noticeably larger only compared to RecSplit. FMPHGO preserves most of the FMPH advantages mentioned above, but significantly reduces its construction speed. However, FMPHGO’s construction speed is still competitive with methods of similar space efficiency (like CHD or PTHash), and seems to be good enough for practical applications.

Flexural performance of concrete composite metal decking with different base-metal-thickness new smart system

Industrial Revolution 4.0 has led to the age of automation and industrialized building systems. Composite slabs gain its popularity in the modern construction industry due to its speed of construction and cost saving features with lightweight structure. However, from time to time the manufacturer will introduce new corrugated roll forming cold formed steel metal decking systems, which cause the end user to ponder if the product is up to desired performances. The aim of this research is to study the structural performance of SMARTDEK composite slab composed of 0.75 mm and 1.0 mm thickness compared to the conventional reinforced concrete slab under flexural strength, deflection, and failure mode. Concrete slab with thickness of 130 mm was constructed to uncover the ultimate load capacity of the slabs. The novelty of this research is the discovery of longitudinal shear resistance constant through derived equations and the new SMARTDEK profiled composite slab performs better than the conventional slab. Four-point flexural tests were conducted according to ASTM C293 standards to determine the performance of the slabs, and three linear variable displacement transducers (LVDTs) were used to determine the deflection of the slabs. Load-Deflection graphs were plotted for the specimens to determine the yielding point and ultimate point of the slabs. The composite slab with 1.0 mm Base-Metal-Thickness (BMT) had the highest ultimate strength at 75 kN, followed by the composite slab with 0.75 mm BMT at 65 kN, and finally the conventional slab at 39 kN. The failure mode of the conventional slab was pure flexural; while the composite slab first failed in flexural, followed by longitudinal slip failure due to flexural and flexural-shear cracks, which disabled the composite action between the concrete slab and metal decking. The finding showed that the increasing thickness of the metal decking improves the slab strength which results in higher ultimate strength and reduces the overall deflection of the slab. Moreover, the breakthrough of this research is that increasing the overall thickness of the slabs increases the performance in loading’s capacity which could result in higher ultimate strength.

Evaluation and comparison of seismic performance of industrially and traditionally constructed buildings in Iran, a case study of Yasooj

Modern construction methods such as industrial ones have significantly increased the speed of buildings construction. Although these new methods are widely used in some countries, but the fundamental question is about their reliability and efficiency, especially in term of their seismic performance in comparison to the traditional construction methods. In this study, the seismic performance of constructed buildings using industrial construction methods is compared to the typical buildings in Iran. Besides, as main innovation, by defining building industrialization index, the economics of each structure has been also evaluated and the effect of this index on the structural performance has been studied. To this purpose, by conducting statistical studies on existing buildings, their information has been collected and three types of nonlinear finite element models including: eccentric steel braced frame, buckling restrained braced frame and tunnel formwork reinforced concrete shear wall have been prepared and compared. The near field earthquakes records have been used for nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis to obtain the corresponding fragility curves. The results showed that the tunnel formwork RC shear wall and buckling restrained braced frames, in addition to being more economical, also have more reliable collapse fragility curves and present better performance than the typical eccentric braced frames as they have a higher building industrialization index than the third structural system, respectively. Therefore, the modern buildings constructed by industrial methods have a lower casualty and economic risk due to the better seismic behavior compared to typical and traditional buildings.

Environmental Landscape Art Design Based on Visual Neural Network Model in Rural Construction

Abstract As the resources of social development continue to tilt to the countryside, the speed of rural construction continues to accelerate. In recent years, because of the higher quality of lifestyles, the demand of rural environment landscape art has gradually increased. In order to assist rural construction and improve the artistic quality of its environmental landscape, this paper proposes an environmental landscape art design method based on a visual neural network model. Firstly, the Swin Transformer text encoder is used to characterise the landscape art demand in rural construction. Then, the text feature vector of landscape art demand is input into the GAN model to generate the image content of rural construction. Finally, to better evaluate the landscape art level of the above methods in this paper, we propose an evaluating method for the landscape designing tasks. We conduct the experiments and achieve the FID value of 15.23, which can demonstrate that our method can effectively carry out an environmental landscape design for rural construction and simplify the process of rural construction. The landscape design evaluation method can evaluate the environmental landscape design accurately by the accuracy of over 80 %, and further improve and optimise the acceptance link of rural construction.

Analysis and Design of Pre-Engineered Building Using Software

Abstract: Pre-engineered buildings have become quite popular in the last few years. The main advantage are speed of construction and control over quality. However, there is not much information on its economy. There are several parameters like inclination of the gable, spans, bay spacing which control the cost of structure and designed for the common loads DL, LL, EQ, & WL. In this involves comparison of PEB & conventional steel frame. The quality in each case is obtained & finally the structure which regulates the quality of steel is recommended. Cost of steel is increasing day by day & use of steel has increase in the construction industry. Hence to achieve economic sustainability it is necessary to use steel to its optimum quantity. Use pre-engineered building (PEB) & conventional structures, which fulfil our requirements. In present work, PEB & CSB is designed for static & dynamic forces, which includes seismic forces & wind forces.

The Application of Insulation and Decoration Integrated Board in The Construction of High-rise Residential Exterior Walls

Insulation and decoration integrated board is a widely used material in the construction of high-rise residential exterior walls. This material has various advantages, including insulation, waterproofing, fire prevention, environmental protection, and other characteristics, which can improve the overall performance and energy-saving effect of buildings. In addition, the integrated insulation and decoration board has advantages such as easy installation, fast construction speed, and low maintenance costs, which can save construction time and costs. In the construction of high-rise residential exterior walls, the use of insulation and decoration integrated panels can achieve fast, efficient, and safe construction, while ensuring the appearance and decoration effect of the building. Therefore, the application of insulation and decoration integrated panels in the construction of high-rise residential exterior walls has important significance and broad development prospects.