Speed Control Circuit Research Articles

Control system of the electric drive of a robot with a dc motor

Problem. Robotics and flexible production systems are the most important technical basis for the intensification of production. The use of robotic systems is expanding every year. This paper considers a two-circuit servo control system using the example of a DC motor current and speed control system and examines the functional diagram of the third circuit, a digital angle control system. Using the Matlab + SIMULINK software package, the servo drive and the digital system for controlling the angular position of the robot manipulator were modelled. Goal. As a result of the analysis, the purpose of the study was highlighted: the development of a digital system for adjusting the angular position of the manipulator, improve the quality of its positioning. Tasks: to study work management systems; to study the drives of robots; to get a mathematical model of an electric motor; to develop a machine diagram of a digital electric drive; to synthesize a three-loop robot positioning control system. Methodology. The research problems should be solved by methods of analysis and synthesis of automatic control systems. Results. In the work, a three-circuit control system of the electric drive of a robot with a direct current motor was developed. Thus, as a result of modeling the operation of a digital electric drive with three control circuits for current, speed and positioning, an aperiodic transient process was provided with quality indicators. Originality. Thus, the results of simulation of the two-loop servo control system showed that the dynamic characteristics of the electric motor in terms of current and speed of rotation, which meet the requirements of the task, are provided by the PI controller in the current control circuit and the PID controller in the speed control circuit. Thus, as a result of modeling the operation of a digital electric drive with three control circuits for current, speed and positioning, an aperiodic transient process was provided with quality indicators. Practical value. The following results were obtained during the research: the best control law for the current circuit is the proportional-integral (PI) law; the best control law for the speed contour is the proportional-integral-differential (PID) law; the best control law for a digital positioning control loop is the proportional (P) law.

Analysis of hydraulic drive circuit selection for a carrot collecting system

Compared to conventional mechanical transmissions, hydraulic transmission has the disadvantage of lower energy efficiency. However, it is widely employed in various working machines such as construction machines, off-road vehicles, forest logging machines, and especially agricultural machinery, owing to its flexibility in design, geometric arrangement, and simplicity in operation. In the development project for carrot harvesting machinery conjugate, hydraulic transmission is the optimal solution for the design and implementation of the carrot collecting roller system. This project is oriented towards achieving a practical result where the system structure is simple and effective, utilising hydraulic components available on the market in Vietnam. Given the myriad of hydraulic transmission circuits available, this paper undertakes an analysis based on numerical simulations of the functionality and energy efficiency of potential system design options and proposes a new practical speed control circuit. This suggested circuit uses a pressure-compensated flow control valve arranged parallel to the hydraulic motor. The study is carried out in the Matlab/Simulink simulation environment, where the circuit models are constructed using hydraulic components with practical parameter settings sourced from component suppliers. The analysis results indicate that the proposed circuit strikes a balance between functionality and economic efficiency.

Synthesis of the system for controlling the distance between vehicles

Problem. In conditions of high traffic intensity, it often happens that shortly after turning on the car's speed control mode, the driver has to brake in order to maintain a distance from other road users moving at variable speeds. The work analyzed the remote control system, considered the remote control system and car control, considered the sensors of the automatic control system, selected the control law, analyzed the control object, the structural diagram of the distance. A control system was developed and the transfer coefficient of the control law was determined. Goal. As a result of the analysis, the goal of the study was highlighted: to conduct a synthesis of the remote control system. Methodology. The main method of solving this problem is the study of the differential equations of the control system and the selection of optimal controller parameters that ensure the necessary quality of the transition process. Results. The result of the study is: a two-circuit distance control system, containing the circuits for regulating the engine rotation speed and the distance to the car driving ahead which meets the requirements of the task, if the P-regulator is used in the speed control circuit, and a PD-regulator is used in the remote control circuit. Originality. The originality lies in the fact that the introduction of the distance maintenance function into the car's speed control system contributes to a comfortable ride and reduces the likelihood of a stressful situation. Practical value. The use of the proposed results indicate the possibility of developing an automatic distance control system with specified quality parameters.

Experimental Studies of the Processes of Stepped Torque Loads Parrying by Asynchronous Electric Drives and Interpretation of Experimental Results by Nonlinear Transfer Functions of Drives

This article presents the results of experimental studies of asynchronous motors with a short-circuited rotor (induction motors—IM) with the most common frequency control methods: scalar; vector control; vector with speed control circuit; scalar control with dynamic compensation. The purpose of the experiments was to identify and show the features of the reaction of these control methods to the stepped sketches of the load on the asynchronous electric drive, as in a nonlinear electromechanical system. When selecting the parameters and settings of the “Schneider electric” frequency converter settings, standard instructions and techniques have been used, so the settings of the regulators were not optimal. The aim was not to determine the most effective structures and show fundamentally new solutions. Asynchronous electric motors are substantially nonlinear structures. In the formation of vector control theory, a number of simplifications and assumptions were used, the cost of which was not very clear and theoretically difficult to assess. This work is a step towards estimating the cost of these simplifications. This paper provides the results of experiments in which step-loading modes are presented by the maximum possible registered signals and the amplitude of the stator voltage, formed by various algorithms, the frequency and amplitude of the rotor current and the actual sliding and rotation speed of the engine rotor. This made it possible to maximally objectively assess the effectiveness of the interpretation of asynchronous electric drives and the methods of their regulation. The authors have conducted research in this area for about 15 years. In numerous articles on this subject over the past 25–30 years, the authors did not find such results. The vast majority of work devoted to the study of asynchronous electric drives with frequency control uses the notion of not too significant errors in the linearization of Park’s vector equations. In particular, the concepts of the sinusoidality of currents and voltages in AC motors and the accuracy of vector equations are almost always used, which are valid only at a constant frequency of the stator voltage.

Adaptive system for automatic control of the fine drawing process

The paper considers the technological process of deep drawing, taking into account the high degree of deformation of the metal and the small thickness (0.5 mm) of the workpiece. Given the high complexity of the process and the impossibility of its representation in an analytical form, the paper uses its representation in the form of a phase portrait in the plane of the drawing force and movement of the hydraulic press punch. Phase trajectories in the mentioned plane determine the geometric dimensions of the product, characterize stresses and deformations during the process and determines the structure of the process control algorithm. The digital positional tracking system considered in the work includes electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumoelectric and electronic links. The system provides precision positioning of the hydraulic press punch with control and control of its movement speed. The paper provides an ideal mathematical model of the extraction process. As a result of comparing the phase trajectories of the model and the real process, a possible difference is revealed due to the interference in the real process. The resulting difference makes it possible to form an additional control effect on the punch speed control circuit in the system in order to compensate for the resulting misalignment. Thus, the stabilization of the drawing force in the function of the movement of the punch is realized. The paper provides mathematical descriptions of all parts of the system, provides dynamic characteristics of the process. As disturbing effects on the drawing process, the following are considered: metal hardening, the unstable friction force that occurs when the workpiece is pressed, the change in the drawing force when the parts of the workpiece are drawn into the matrix, corrugation, metal thinning during the transition of the bottom part to the side wall of the product. The mentioned disturbances without the system in question did not fully ensure the quality of the products. As a result of the resulting marriage, significant production costs took place. The materials of the work and numerical data of the links of the technological process system were obtained by the example of manufacturing a cylinder of an OP-2(3)-ABCE powder fire extinguisher produced at the ZPO plant Itself (fire fighting equipment plant).

Analysis of fault diagnosis of DC motors by power consumption pattern recognition

Early detection of faults in DC motors extends their life and lowers their power usage. There are a variety of traditional and soft computing techniques for detecting faults in DC motors. Many diagnostic techniques have been developed in the past to detect such fault-related patterns. These methods for detecting the aforementioned potential failures of motors can be utilized in a variety of scientific and technological domains. Motor Power Pattern Analysis (MPPA) is a technology that analyzes the current and voltage provided to an electric motor using particular patterns and protocols to assess the operational status of the motors without disrupting production. Engineers and researchers, particularly in industries, face a difficult challenge in monitoring spinning types of equipment. In this work, we are going to explain how to use the motor power pattern/signature analysis (MPPA) of a power signal driving a servo to find mechanical defects in a gear train. A hardware setup is used to simplify the demonstration of obtaining spectral metrics from the power consumption signals. A DC motor, a set of metal or nylon drive gears, and a control circuit are employed. The speed control circuit was eliminated to allow direct monitoring of the DC motor's current profiles. Infrared (IR) photo-interrupters with a 35 mm diameter, eight-holed, standard servo wheel were employed to gather the tachometer signal at the servo's output. The mean value of the measurements was 318 V for the healthy profile, while it was 330 V for the faulty gears power data. The proposed power consumption profile analysis approach succeeds to recognize the mechanical faults in the gear-box of a DC servomotor via examining the mean level of the power consumption pattern as well as the extraction of the Power Spectral Density (PSD) through comparing faulty and healthy profiles

Influence of time constants of frequency regulators on the amplitude of power exchange fluctuations in autonomous diesel power plants

The application of autonomous electrical complexes with parallel diesel generator sets based on synchronous generators is considered. The problem of the existence of exchange power fluctuations in such technical systems is described. A mathematical model has been developed that allows conducting research of an autonomous electrical complex. It is proposed to implement graphical visualization of the dependence of the amplitude of power exchange fluctuations on time constants in the speed control circuits of diesel generators in the form of configuration maps. An example of using the proposed method for a specific electrical complex is given. The possibility of reducing the amplitude of exchange power fluctuations by reducing the values of time constants of frequency control circuits is justified, which is the basis of a new method for eliminating exchange power fluctuations and makes it possible to improve the method, which is based on changing the transmission coefficients of frequency regulators.

Modelling and Simulation Speed Control of DC Motor using PSIM

Speed control DC motor (SCDCM) methods are widely used in power electronic circuits. This paper presents various SCDCM methods such as armature voltage control, the results show when armature voltage increases, the speed of the motor increases and when the armature voltage decreases, the motor speed decreases. However, in field resistance methods, when the field resistance increases the speed increases and when field resistance decreases the speed is reduced. While in feedback control when using feedback SCDCM method, two blocks have been used, the first block includes reference speed of motor and the second block includes the added value of speed to reference speed of motor. Power simulation (PSIM) is used to design and simulate the DC motor speed control circuits.

Design And Implementation Of Gps Based Medical Services Using Drone

This paper is aimed to provide medical assistance to people through the delivery of medical supplies by unmanned drones. The use of unmanned drones’ benefits people in distant areas around the world. The paper gives attentionto the design of a biocompatible payload and a drone to accomplish medical supply delivery. Design of the drone healthcare delivery network isfacilitatingstructured and low-cost delivery of healthcare to save lives. Dronesare capable of sustainable flight, which need not human presence on board, and have enough control for performingnecessary functions. This paper utilizes a range of hardware components and software platforms that were integrated into the overall design of the medical drone. Hardware components includes IMU enabled GPS, ArduCopter 2.6 Flight Controller, Data Transmission and Receiving module, Electronic Speed Control Circuits, DC Motors, Propellers, LiPo battery, Servo Connectors. GPS is used for navigation in betweenground stations that are automated, to deliver necessary medications in locations that lack enough roads. Unmanned aerial vehicle is remotely or automatically controlled. Software platform used is ArduPilot Mission Planner and mobile phone or tabletapps can be used to track and navigate. Network is managed by drone operating system to monitor weather data from every ground stationand it optimizes the drone routes in this proposed approach we are designing a paper which is effective in many applications like transporting blood and small emergency medicines such as first-aid kits. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles can be used in future to provide medical help in field of surveillance and at the time of earthquake, drones help rescuers to locate survivors.The military in combat can use drones, and it can also be used for humanitarian aid.

Design and implementation of dspic33fj32mc204 microcontroller–based asynchronous motor voltage/frequency speed control circuit for the ventilation systems of vehicles

Direct current motors are used for blower fans as well as for many other systems in vehicles. In this study, it was suggested to use an asynchronous motor instead of the direct current motor for the blower fan. Therefore, an induction motor driver was designed. The purpose of designing this driver was to allow the use of asynchronous motors instead of the brushed direct current motors utilized in automotive ventilation systems. Power and control circuits were designed. A three-phase variable frequency voltage was obtained using an inverter circuit designed with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor semiconductor elements from the direct voltage. The voltage/frequency control method was applied to the induction motor. The power circuit was designed using three npn-type and three pnp-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, in order to reduce the number of independent sources. The direct current motors generally used in automotive ventilation systems have 12 V operating voltage, so the driver was designed to be used in the 12–18 V range. In this study, the alternating current driver was used for a 90 W asynchronous motor and drive at 12 V and 18 V variable input voltage values. The dsPIC33fj32mc204 microcontroller was used to achieve variable frequency and speed control.

Frequency-Response Methods for Synthesizing Controlled High-Speed Electric Drives of Compressors

Frequency-response methods for analyzing and synthesizing current and electromagnetic torque control loops in alternating-current electric drives are proposed. It is shown that, when solving the problems of analysis and synthesis of the current and torque control loops, the unchanged part of the electric drive can be approximated by a linear system with the amplitude-modulated signal. It has been established that the transient and steady-state processes of variables in the motor’s phase windings can be considered in the current and torque loops independently. The use of frequency-response methods for identification of controlled objects allows consideration of the cross-magnetic links between the three-phase windings of the electric machine and the mathematical description of the system can be represented by a simplified set of equations, which is convenient for setting up and adjusting the system by engineering personnel. Using experimental Bode plots, it has been shown that the steady frequency passband in the current control loop can reach 4000 rad/s, which facilitates the adjustment of the toque control loop when the drive is running at a speed of 6000 rpm. A further increase in the speed of the drive with the specific mass and dimensional parameters preserved at the same level can be achieved only by introducing correction signals. It is shown that in multiphase electric drives with more than three phases, the phase winding zone decreases and the leakage inductive reactance of the phase winding decreases, which allows a significant expansion of the frequency passband in the current, torque, and speed control circuits.

Single Point Failure Analysis and Innovative Practice of Speed Control Loop of Main Feed Pump in NPP

In the operation of nuclear power plants, the speedadjustable electric main feed pump has experienced several sudden speed drop faults, which leaded to power reduction or shutdown. According to the INPO AP913(Equipment Reliability Management Guide) reliability analysis method, the main feed pump speed control circuit is identified as the Single Point Vulnerability. In order to improve the reliability of the speed control loop, the paper studied the equipment failure mode of the main feed pump speed control loop based on the internationally accepted AP-913 as a guide, classifies the equipment, and puts forward targeted preventive maintenance, isolation mitigation, technical mitigation measures to improve equipment reliability. Moreover, further the SPV subcomponent recognition and failure mode analysis are carried out The program is validated by actual verification and can be applied to the transformation of the main feed pumps of other M310 units and HPR1000 units.

INFLUENCE OF BACKLASH ON AMPLITUDE OF EXCHANGE POWER FLUCTUATIONS IN AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIC POWER EQUIPMENT

The application of autonomous electric power equipment having in their composition parallel operating diesel-generator sets on the basis of synchronous generators is considered. The problem of existence of exchange power fluctuations in such technical systems is described. A mathematical model has been developed that makes it possible to carry out investigations of an autonomous electric power equipment. The technique for constructing maps of the amplitude of the exchange power fluctuations, from the backlash gaps in the speed control circuits of diesel generators is obtained. The use of such cards makes it possible to introduce recommendations on limiting the amplitude of exchange power fluctuations to normative documents, both of a general nature, and specifically for certain types of equipment. In the same way, the cards make it possible to determine the gap gaps existing in the frequency control loop from the measured amplitudes of the exchange power fluctuations.

Application of a signal averaging device in robotics

Abstract The present paper deals with the issues regarding a signal averaging device and its theoretical and practical properties and functions. The paper also deals with acceleration loop speed servos with a subordinate acceleration controller as a result of application of the signal averaging device. The use of an acceleration loop in a speed control circuit facilitates achieving better qualities of the circuit. This paper deals with the results of the application of a speed signal averaging device and the acceleration loop. This device is applied in electric servo systems as well as electric servo systems of industrial robots. The results of the experimental measurements are similar to the theoretical results.

A system of automatic control of motion speed of a city transport system electric train

An adaptive system of automatic control of the electric train motion speed permitting one to take into account the specific requirements imposed by the control object is proposed. Such requirements include limitation of the level of the index of the movement smoothness during the transient movement modes characterizing the degree of comfort for the passengers, as well as the possibility of implementing accelerations (delays) differing from nominal ones. The methods of automatic control and simulation modeling theory are used while solving the problem. The required control quality is provided by the fact that the input drive signal for the speed control circuit is smoothed by means of an operator, which is based on integration with saturation. The speed control circuit parameters are determined as a result of solving the task of the parametrical synthesis. The result of the work is an operation algorithm of the automatic control system (ACS) of the electric train speed, application of which provides limitation of the level of the movement smoothness index within the transient movement modes. As a result of solving the task of the parametrical synthesis the analytical dependences are also obtained connecting the ACS control law parameters with the train weight, use of which provides independence of the control quality on the train weight.

Microcontroller based Closed Loop Speed Control of DC Motor using PWM Technique

Speed control of DC motor is very important especially in the fields including industrial applications, robotics and so on. So, speed control of DC motors at different load conditions is a prominent field of research in order to achieve a robust system. This paper presents the design and implementation of microcontroller based speed control of DC motors which emphasize the design of PWM control using ICs like SG3524, TL494 in the field of motor speed control. For PWM generation microchip PIC16F877A microcontroller is used. The feedback loop is created by using ADC which is available in the microcontroller IC. This ADC reads the voltage level of the motor and correspondingly the voltage level of the motor can be maintained at a fixed level. A driver circuit is used to drive the motor. Hence, a closed loop motor speed control circuit is designed and the total amount of power delivered to the motor is varied depending on load conditions. In this technique, the regulation of motor’s speed is realized by changing the voltage of the motor which is adjusted by the duty ratio of PWM. General Terms DC motor, speed control.

Software Design of Reconfigurable Hydraulic Test System

This paper simply introduces the application of reconfigurable system in hydraulic system, and systematically summarizes the reconfigurable hydraulic test system hardware composition and function of each part. This paper introduces software design of the reconfigurable system. Moreover, this paper not only gives the wiring board address table, also takes an example of the performance test of throttle speed control circuit and the capacity test of hydraulic pump light load to account for reconfigurable of this hydraulic system.

Design of High Performance Modified Wave pipelined DAA Filter with Critical Path Approach

In this paper, a new high speed control circuit is proposed which will act as a critical path for the data which will go from input to output to improve the performance of wave pipelining circuits The wave pipelining is a method of high performance circuit designs which implements pipelining in logic without the use of intermediate registers. Wave pipelining has been widely used in the past few years with a great deal of significant features in technology and applications. It has the ability to improve speed, efficiency, economy in every aspect which it presents. Wave pipelining is being used in wide range of applications like digital filters, network routers, multipliers, fast convolvers, MODEMs, image processing, control systems, radars and many others. In previous work, the operating speed of the wave-pipelined circuit can be increased by the following three tasks: adjustment of the clock period, clock skew and equalization of path delays. The path-delay equalization task can be done theoretically, but the real challenge is to accomplish it in the presence of various different delays. So, the main objective of this paper is to solve the path delay equalization problem by inserting the control circuit in wave pipelined based circuit which will act as critical path for the data that moves from input to output. The proposed technique is evaluated for DSP applications by designing 4- tap FIR filter using Distributed arithmetic algorithm (DAA). Then comparison of this design is done with 4-tap FIR filter designs using conventional pipelining and non pipelining. The synthesis and simulation results based on Xilinx ISE Navigator 12.3 shows that wave pipelined DAA based filter is faster by a factor of 1.43 compared to non pipelined one and the conventional pipelined filter is faster than non pipelined by factor of 1.61 but at the cost of increased logic utilization by 200 %. So, the wave-pipelined DA filters designed with the proposed control circuit can operate at higher frequency than that of non-pipelined but less than that of pipelined. The gain in speed in pipelined compared to that of wavepipelined is at the cost of increased area and more dissipated power. When latency is considered, wavepipelined design filters with the proposed scheme are having the lowest latency among three schemes designed.

The Robust Servo of the Electric Industrial Robot II

This paper deals with the problems of acceleration loop speed servos with a subordinate acceleration controller. The acceleration signal is generated by the analog speed sensor. By using an acceleration loop in speed (and position) control circuit we are able to achieve better qualities of such circuit. This solution has the properties of a robust system. The solution is suitable to meet the requirements of a wide range of rpm regulation, run uniformity as well as the devices featuring either non-stationary or extremely high load inertia moment. This paper deals also with the results of application of acceleration loop in the servosystem of industrial robot APR - 20. Experimental results correspond to previous theoretical assumptions.

Realization of modularized friction welding measure and control system

The module of pressure measure control circuit and the module of rotation speed measure control circuit based on the microcontroller P89C51RD2 are designed. The closed loop control system of pressure and rotation speed which are two key parameters of inertia friction welding is achieved. The electro-hydraulic proportional relief valve which has a perfect controllable property is used in the hydraulic pressure control system of the friction welding machine. The actual pressure signal sampled by a pressure sensor enters the module of pressure measure and control circuit. Through A/D conversion, computation and D/A conversion, the signal is inputted to the electro-hydraulic proportional relief valve, so that the pressure in friction welding process could be adjusted continuously. The transducer which has a perfect property of speed adjustment is used for main axes motor drive of the machine.The pulse signal of the main axes rotation speed sampled by a photoelectric rotary coder enters the module of rotating speed measure and control circuit. Through computation and D/A conversion, the signal is input to the transducer, so that the main axes rotation speed could be adjusted steadily and exactly. The application of practical production indicate that the control system of pressure and rotation speed is very steady in working, convenient in operating, and has a good effect in running.