Political Speeches Research Articles

Unveiling Russian Language as a Propaganda Tool

The paper explores how the Russian language has been used as a propaganda tool by the Russian government since the Bolshevik takeover while shedding light on its status before the Russian Revolution. Through a critical analysis of numerous sources, including political speeches, media coverage, and cultural products, this paper examines how language has been used to shape public opinion and promote nationalistic ideals. The paper argues that the Russian language has been used as a powerful tool of propaganda in various ways, such as shaping national identity, creating a sense of pride in the country’s history and culture, and promoting a specific worldview. The paper also discusses the role of language in Russian propaganda efforts abroad, particularly in neighboring countries and regions by concentrating its focus on post-Soviet countries. Particular attention has been paid to the policy measures taken by the Communist governments of both Russia and Union Republics to propel the status of Russian as a lingua franca in the Soviet Union by presenting it as the language of education, culture, and high status. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential consequences of the use of language as a propaganda tool, including the polarization of societies, the suppression of dissent, and the erosion of democratic values. It argues that a critical examination of the role of language in propaganda is essential for safeguarding the integrity of language and promoting open and democratic discourse.

JST and rJST: joint estimation of sentiment and topics in textual data using a semi-supervised approach

ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates the performance of the Joint Sentiment Topic model (JST) and the reversed Joint Sentiment Topic model (rJST) in measuring sentiment in political speeches, comparing them against a set of popular methods for sentiment analysis: widely used off-the-shelf sentiment dictionaries; an embeddings-enhanced dictionary approach; Latent Semantic Scaling, a semi-supervised approach; and a zero-shot transformer-based approach using a large language model (GPT-4). The findings reveal JST’s superiority over all non-transformer-based approaches in predicting human-coded sentiment in multiple languages and its ability to replicate known sentiment trends in legislative speech. rJST, meanwhile, provides valuable topic-specific sentiment estimates, responsive to political dynamics and significant events. Both models are, however, outperformed by transformer-based models like GPT-4. Additionally, the paper introduces the ’sentitopics’ R-package, designed to facilitate the use of JST and rJST in computational text analysis workflows. This package is compatible with popular text analysis tools, making the models accessible for applied researchers in communication science.

Societal Impact of the Tennessee Small Business Administration: Lowered Barriers to Entry, State Growth, and Economic Freedom

This paper focuses on the effects of SBA lending and its possible effects on the economic growth in Tennessee. After all, claims about the belief that small business is the driving force behind job creation and economic growth are found throughout political speeches, newspaper columns, and public policy forums. These claims are frequently presented as justification for tax incentives, regulatory policies, and other government programs that favor small business by removing barriers to entry. Access to capital is often the biggest obstacle for an entrepreneur. This research focused on the relationship between guaranteed loans from the SBA and the economic growth of Tennessee. This research found a positive relationship between the SBA 7A lending and state growth in Tennessee. Thus, providing policymakers evidence that pursuing policies which support economic freedom will continue to support Tennessee’s state growth.

Contrastive Analysis of Tabe Politeness Speech Acts in Bugis and Sumimasen in Japanese (Pragmatic Study)

This research investigates the level of politeness exhibited by Tabe in Bugis and Sumimasen in Japanese. The researchers do a contrastive analysis to examine the differences and similarities between Tabe in Bugis and Sumimasen in Japanese, which encompasses the act of begging and the pragmatic aspect of politeness. This research uses a contrastive descriptive qualitative methodology, in which the data consists of elaborate qualitative information rather than numerical values. This data is examined by using two distinct approaches, specifically descriptive and contrastive data analysis. The findings of this investigation in the term "tabe" holds significant symbolism in Bugis language and culture, serving as a means to kindly and respectfully request permission. By strategic use of "tabe" in appropriate circumstances, individuals can demonstrate profound gratitude and courtesy towards others, enhance social connections, and uphold societal harmony. Likewise, the use of "sumimasen" in Japan underscores cultural principles that emphasize courtesy, modesty, and social concord. The word is employed in several contexts to apologise, request assistance, or convey appreciation, and serves to sustain positive relationships and prevent conflict in daily contacts.

Stability in Sight: Leveraging Machine Learning for Proactive Political Risk Management in the United States of America

This paper explores the application of machine learning (ML) in political risk management, with a specific focus on recent trends in political violence in the United States OF America. The growing intersection of political polarization, disinformation, and societal unrest has created a volatile political climate, as evidenced by events such as the January 6 Capitol insurrection and rising threats to public officials. The paper argues that machine learning could play a critical role in mitigating such risks by analyzing large datasets, including social media interactions, political speeches, and public sentiment, to predict potential flashpoints of violence. Through predictive analytics, sentiment analysis, and anomaly detection, ML can enhance decision-making processes and provide timely interventions to avert violent incidents. Additionally, case studies demonstrate ML’s superiority over traditional methods in risk assessments. Despite the challenges associated with ML, such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the complexity of political contexts, this paper argues that machine learning holds immense potential in transforming political risk management. By integrating diverse data sources and refining risk models, ML can significantly improve accuracy and efficiency in predicting and mitigating political risks. The paper concludes with recommendations for further integrating ML tools in political risk strategies to address the increasingly unstable political environment.

Image restoration strategies in pandemic crisis communication: a comparative analysis of Chinese and American COVID-19 political speeches

This study explores the effectiveness of image restoration strategies in pandemic crisis communication at the highest levels of administration. By integrating corpus-assisted discourse analysis with Image Repair Theory, it aims to uncover the prevailing strategies adopted by Chinese and American leaders to restore or enhance a positive national image in the post-COVID era. Lancsbox 6.0 was utilized to extract excerpts and analyze linguistic devices from a self-built corpus of 144 political speeches delivered by top leaders in China and the United States. The results reveal that Chinese leaders, through the use of shared image restoration strategies such as bolstering and transcendence, shape a positive national image of a responsible country. In contrast, American leaders construct a confident and ambitious national image, projecting a leading geopolitical role in the world. These strategies have distinct features that contribute to the image restoration process. Apart from contributing significantly to the comparative research on Chinese and American pandemic-related political speeches, the research findings carry implications for the practice and promotion of national ideologies. The study also highlights the diverse ways in which credible and accurate crisis messages are employed, providing valuable insights for handling pandemics or other crises in the foreseeable or distant future.

«Архитектура» репрезентации «чужого» в политическом дискурсе Терезы Мэй

The aim of the investigation is to find out the ways of representing the notion “they” in the political discourse of Theresa May. The article presents the language architecture of the notion “they” by way of example of the discourse of a political leader of Great Britain. Three structural components of the notion “they” represented in Theresa May’s political speeches have been discovered as a result of the investigation. They are: 1) “they” as enemies; 2) “they” as political opponents; 3) “they” as fellow party members who have manifested alienation in a definite political situation. The scientific novelty of the investigation lies in the fact that the gradation of the notion “they” in its political representation rendered by language means has been found out and described. It has been determined as a result of the investigation that the notion “they” represented in Theresa May’s political speeches is expressed by explicit and implicit language units. The notion of “they” as enemies is represented by means of explicitly expressed language units. The notion of “they” as political opponents is represented mainly by means of implicitly expressed language units. The notion of “they” as fellow party members who have manifested alienation in a definite political situation employs a higher degree of implicitness in its realization.

A Socio-Cognitive Analysis of the Self/other Representation in Bush’s Speech

It is known that political speeches are important as a communicative tool for politicians to maintain the power, which is essential to express political opinions and views as well as ideologies, though not always explicitly. Ideology is regarded as one of the primary objectives of text analysis in linguistic studies, particularly critical discourse analysis(henceforth CDA) , which consists of shared values, beliefs and attitudes within a group .In this way, discourse reflects the values of these ideological held by those groups who create it. The present study focuses on investigating the discursive ideological strategies of the self/other in Bush’s speech after September 11 attacks based on Van Dijk's (2006) model of ideological square. The data are collected qualitatively and a mixed method is used to analyze the results of this study. The major findings show that Bush used more ideological strategies to represent the image of “US” (selves) positively, than the image of “THEM” (others) negatively. In particular, the lexicalization is the most common strategy used by Bush’s speech, which showed that Bush emphasized on reflecting that Americans are (good, innocent, peaceful, victims, targeted, respectful, strong, great, powerful and sympathetic), while Arabs, particularly Muslims are (bad, terrorists, evil, violent, peace- haters, spiteful, murderers, vengeful, dangerous, destructive, violence and enemy). It is hoped that this study can improve the understanding of EFL learners about the importance of clarifying the hidden ideologies in politician’s speech and all kinds of discourse.

Political Discourse in Arabic Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis

The present investigation is an endeavor to examine discourse from the CDA perspective. The following inquiries are the focus of the investigation: The extent to which the language employed in Trump's speech influenced individuals. Is the discourse beneficial or detrimental to the Egyptian populace? Additionally, which discursive strategies are implemented during their discourse? The study posits that speakers employ a variety of strategies, argumentation, and historical contexts to communicate their ideologies to their audience in order to secure their support. This will address the aforementioned inquiries. Additionally, it is postulated that the manner in which English and Arabic speakers employ these resources differs. The data selected has been analyzed using Wodak's (1999) historical discourse approach (DHA). Consequently, the data for this study is derived from the speech of "the former president of the United States of America", Donald Trump, on October 23, 2020, regarding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. The historic approach's components, such as the topos, the context, the historical framework, and the strategies, will be the primary focus. These components are employed to analyze each discourse. The research investigates how politicians wield social power and engage in through their speeches. The analysis highlights that many of the techniques employed are related to meaning and argumentation. Critical discourse analysis is a type of discourse analysis that is dedicated to the exploration of the discursive manifestations of ideology and authority. The study aims to investigate the manner in which politicians and exercise social authority in their addresses. The research indicates that the majority of the methodologies employed in critical discourse analysis are pertinent to political speeches. This research employs the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to dissect the language, rhetoric, and underlying ideologies within media coverage.

The Implementation of Interpersonal Function in Political Speeches: Analysis of Attitude Resources in President Biden’s Inaugural Address in the United States

The Implementation of Interpersonal Function in Political Speeches: Analysis of Attitude Resources in President Biden’s Inaugural Address in the United States

INTERPRETING POLITICAL DISCOURSE: SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION ANALYSIS OF DONALD TRUMP’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS FROM ENGLISH TO RUSSIAN

naugural speeches are significant public addresses delivered by newly elected leaders during their swearing-in ceremonies. These speeches typically outline the leader's vision, goals, and policy priorities for their term in office.This study delves into the intricate realm of simultaneous interpretation, focusing on the interpretation challenges and strategies employed during the interpretation of Donald Trump's Inaugural Address from English to Russian. The aim of the article is to identify the strategies utilized by simultaneous interpreters during the interpretation of Donald Trump's inaugural speech from English to Russian, and to conduct a comparative analysis between the translated version and the original text.To analyze simultaneous interpretation, we relied on an official interpretation by skilled interpreters. When conducting a translation comparative analysis, we relied on the classification of V.M. Ilyukhin. Analysis methods encompass theoretical material review, descriptive analysis, a comparative examination of thesource andtarget texts, andtranslation analysis.Theanalysis highlights theuseof various interpretation strategies, with a particular emphasis on thecompression strategy, indicating theintricate nature of interpreting political discourse. Theprevalence of thecompression strategy suggests interpreters' adaptation to therapid pace of speech common in English-speaking political contexts. Thecompression strategy is recognized as a vital tool in theinterpreter's toolkit, falling into thecategory of techniques that interpreters should employ.The theoretical significance of this study lies in revealing the strategies used by simultaneous interpreters in the context of Donald Trump's speech, which contributes to understanding the peculiarities of translating political speechesin the international arena.The practical importance of this study lies in offering guidance and practical skills for translators who deal with political speeches, which helps to improve the quality and adequacy of translation in such contexts.

Isocrates’ Political Science

Abstract This article argues that despite Aristotle’s criticism of him, Isocrates does not actually hold the belief that political science, or universal knowledge of practical affairs, is impossible. When he appears to express this view, he is using hyperbole to distinguish himself from his adversaries. In reality, while he certainly underscores the significance of particular cases and doxa, he also claims to possess insights into universal principles concerning politics. He does so on the ground of philosophical arguments characterized by their consistency, sophistication, and substantive nature. These arguments are robust enough to be structured into a coherent system of principles akin to a political science in the Aristotelian sense of the term – although Isocrates himself never elaborated this science in a clear and systematic manner. The objective of this article is twofold: first, to defend this unconventional interpretation of Isocrates’ political speeches, and second, to offer a systematic analysis of the implicit political science within them.

Adult emergency education: the tacit andragogical fight against the COVID-19 pandemic

Adult education has yet to fully develop its potential for addressing social states of emergency. As an initial stride towards a critical adult emergency education, this paper investigates andragogical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In pursuit of this objective, varying levels of tacit andragogisation concerning the pandemic are examined: 1. The (tacit) andragogical means employed by political leaders (in Sweden, Italy, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Austria) in their speeches at the beginning of the pandemic. 2. An examination of the interplay between the Chancellor’s addresses, the media appearances of scientists, and the regionalisation of pandemic measures in Germany. 3. Memes posted online as a public response to the government’s (tacit) andragogical approach. The data, consisting of political speeches, science podcasts, newspaper articles, and memes sampled throughout 2020, was analysed using the Documentary Method. These empirical analyses contribute to advance scholarship on critical adult emergency education.

Human detection of political speech deepfakes across transcripts, audio, and video

Recent advances in technology for hyper-realistic visual and audio effects provoke the concern that deepfake videos of political speeches will soon be indistinguishable from authentic video. We conduct 5 pre-registered randomized experiments with N = 2215 participants to evaluate how accurately humans distinguish real political speeches from fabrications across base rates of misinformation, audio sources, question framings with and without priming, and media modalities. We do not find base rates of misinformation have statistically significant effects on discernment. We find deepfakes with audio produced by the state-of-the-art text-to-speech algorithms are harder to discern than the same deepfakes with voice actor audio. Moreover across all experiments and question framings, we find audio and visual information enables more accurate discernment than text alone: human discernment relies more on how something is said, the audio-visual cues, than what is said, the speech content.

National politics ignites more talk of morality and power than local politics.

Politics and the media in the United States are increasingly nationalized, and this changes how we talk about politics. Instead of reading the local news and discussing local events, people are more often consuming national media and discussing national issues. Unlike local politics, which can rely on shared concrete knowledge about the region, national politics must coordinate large groups of people with little in common. To provide this coordination, we find that national-level political discussions rely upon different themes than local-level discussions, using more abstract, moralized, and power-centric language. The higher prevalence of abstract, moralized, and power-centric language in national vs. local politics was found in political speeches, politician Tweets, and Reddit discussions. These national-level linguistic features lead to broader engagement with political messages, but they also foster more anger and negativity. These findings suggest that the nationalization of politics and the media may contribute to rising partisan animosity.

Kesantunan dalam Tindak Tutur Melalui Kotowaza: Kajian Pragmatik

This research focuses on politeness in speech acts through kotowaza (Japanese proverbs). The principle of politeness is needed for daily activities, especially in interacting with other people. Kotowaza is a tool used to convey sarcasm, warnings, warnings, notifications, advice, and even parables consisting of a series of beautiful words. Kotowaza is conveyed implicitly. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Researchers limit kotowaza to animal elements in Doraemon no Kotowaza Jiten. The data collection technique was carried out using note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, the analysis was carried out using pragmatic studies by observing the principles of politeness according to Leech. Based on the results of the analysis, there are 15 dialogues with animal element kotowaza speech acts in Doraemon no Kotowaza Jiten. In this data, 10 dialogues have polite speech acts and 5 dialogues violate politeness principles. Politeness is important in communication. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of maxims in the context of speech acts.

Kesantunan Berbahasa Prabowo Subianto pada Closing Statement Debat Capres 2024

Language politeness is one of the crucial issues, especially by public figures in public spaces. This is because he is a role model for the general public. Moreover, a public figure who wants to become the number one person in Indonesia. This research examines language politeness from the perspective of Leech's politeness maxims. The purpose of this study is to describe the language politeness practiced by Prabowo Subianto in the closing statement of the 2024 presidential candidate debate. The type of this research is qualitative descriptive method. The data collection method uses tapping, listening, and recording techniques. Based on the data, out of 25 sentences in the closing statement, 20 or 80% of the identified data fulfill the principles of politeness. While 20% are neutral. Based on the main ideas, out of 10 main ideas, there are 8 or 80% of them are identified as polite speech, while 2 or 20% of the main ideas are neutral. Based on Leech's maxims of politeness, there are six forms of politeness shown in the speech, namely tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, sympath maxim.

The impact of various speech styles on high school students' moods

The goal of this study is to, in theory, introduce the daily speech patterns of people in society in an unbiased manner, reflect these various patterns on the minds of other people, and then assess the results of the study. Theoretical aspects: To describe many styles of communication, such as the aesthetic style of speech (enthusiastic style), gentle speech style (normal), aggressive speech style and threatening speech style to present the notions of (style, speech, psychology). The following speech types are allotted: debate speech, polite speech, impolite speech, taboo speech, indirect communication, formal speech, and informal speech. Practical aspect: In this portion, the findings are examined once the research tool has been prepared, the research sample, the research community, and the tool's reliability and stability have been established. Ranya's six high schools were chosen at random. A total of (600) survey sheets were given out to high school students in both grades (10 and 11). One sample and two independent samples t test are used for the analysis.

A critical discourse analysis (CDA) of a political speech of Mr. Christian Tadele speech in the parliament

This paper presents a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of a political speech delivered by Mr. Christian Tadele in the Ethiopian parliament. The study aims to uncover hidden ideologies, future agendas, and linguistic components in Mr. Tadele's speech through the examination of strategies such as politeness and inclusive language, as well as the analysis of frequently used words like "we," "democracy," and "corruption." By applying Fairclough's 3D Model, the analysis focuses on the social context and the use of language within institutional and political discourses to reveal potential inequalities in social relationships. The research also explores the impact of the speech on the public, particularly the supporters of Mr. Tadele's political party, and examines concepts related to rent-seeking and corruption. The significance of the study lies in its contribution to uncovering concealed ideologies, raising awareness among both producers and consumers of political discourse, and providing new insights to readers.

Implementation of Islamic Religious Education in Building Religious Values of Students at SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Bandung

This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, focusing on field research. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation, utilizing purposive sampling and snowball techniques. Descriptive analysis was used to interpret the data. The findings indicate that Islamic religious education at SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Bandung is implemented effectively and thoroughly. Religious values are integrated into daily activities, including greetings, handshakes, polite speech, courteous behavior, and mutual respect among teachers and peers. The religious curriculum includes programs such as TPA, congregational dhuha and dhuhur prayers, and activities like tahfid, speeches, cultum, lectures, studies, infaq, and memorization of selected Qur'anic verses. Exemplary behavior and discipline are consistently promoted by all school members. Intracurricular Islamic religious education follows the 2013 curriculum, emphasizing student-centered learning and contextual examples. The practice of religious values is assessed through attitude evaluations, monitoring of attitude development, and religious practices.