JST and rJST: joint estimation of sentiment and topics in textual data using a semi-supervised approach

Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates the performance of the Joint Sentiment Topic model (JST) and the reversed Joint Sentiment Topic model (rJST) in measuring sentiment in political speeches, comparing them against a set of popular methods for sentiment analysis: widely used off-the-shelf sentiment dictionaries; an embeddings-enhanced dictionary approach; Latent Semantic Scaling, a semi-supervised approach; and a zero-shot transformer-based approach using a large language model (GPT-4). The findings reveal JST’s superiority over all non-transformer-based approaches in predicting human-coded sentiment in multiple languages and its ability to replicate known sentiment trends in legislative speech. rJST, meanwhile, provides valuable topic-specific sentiment estimates, responsive to political dynamics and significant events. Both models are, however, outperformed by transformer-based models like GPT-4. Additionally, the paper introduces the ’sentitopics’ R-package, designed to facilitate the use of JST and rJST in computational text analysis workflows. This package is compatible with popular text analysis tools, making the models accessible for applied researchers in communication science.