Speech Units Research Articles

Changes in the structure of spontaneous speech predict the disruption of hierarchical brain organization in first-episode psychosis.

Psychosis implicates changes across a broad range of cognitive functions. These functions are cortically organized in the form of a hierarchy ranging from primary sensorimotor (unimodal) to higher-order association cortices, which involve functions such as language (transmodal). Language has long been documented as undergoing structural changes in psychosis. We hypothesized that these changes as revealed in spontaneous speech patterns may act as readouts of alterations in the configuration of this unimodal-to-transmodal axis of cortical organization in psychosis. Results from 29 patients with first-episodic psychosis (FEP) and 29 controls scanned with 7 T resting-state fMRI confirmed a compression of the cortical hierarchy in FEP, which affected metrics of the hierarchical distance between the sensorimotor and default mode networks, and of the hierarchical organization within the semantic network. These organizational changes were predicted by graphs representing semantic and syntactic associations between meaningful units in speech produced during picture descriptions. These findings unite psychosis, language, and the cortical hierarchy in a single conceptual scheme, which helps to situate language within the neurocognition of psychosis and opens the clinical prospect for mental dysfunction to become computationally measurable in spontaneous speech.

Decode, Move and Speak! Self-supervised Learning of Speech Units, Gestures, and Sound Relationships Using Vocal Imitation

Abstract Speech learning encompasses mastering a complex motor system to produce speech sounds from articulatory gestures while simultaneously uncovering discrete units that provide entry to the linguistic system. Remarkably, children acquire these associations between speech sounds, articulatory gestures, and linguistic units in a weakly supervised manner, without the need for explicit labeling of auditory inputs or access to target articulatory gestures. This study uses self-supervised deep learning to investigate the respective roles of sounds, gestures, and linguistic units in speech acquisition and control. In a first experiment, we analyzed the quantized representations learned by vector-quantized variational autoencoders (VQ-VAE) from ground truth acoustic and articulatory data using ABX tests. We show an interesting complementarity between acoustic and articulatory modalities that may help in the discovery of phonemes. In a second experiment, we introduce a computational agent that repeats auditory speech inputs by controlling a virtual vocal apparatus. This agent integrates an articulatory synthesizer capable of reproducing diverse speech stimuli from interpretable parameters, along with two internal models implementing the articulatory-to-acoustic (forward) and acoustic-to-articulatory (inverse) mapping, respectively. Additionally, two inductive biases are used to regularize the ill-posed acoustic-to-articulatory inverse mapping. In line with the first experiment, we explore the complementarity between the auditory input and the articulatory parameters inferred by the agent. We also evaluate the impact of discretizing auditory inputs using VQ-VAE. While the majority of the agent’s productions are intelligible (according to perceptual evaluations), our analysis highlights inconsistencies in the underlying articulatory trajectories. In particular, we show that the agent’s productions only partially reproduce the complementarity between the auditory and articulatory modalities observed in humans.

Articulatory-based Phonemic Paraphasia in Conduction Aphasia: A Dysfunction in Phoneme-to-Articulation Conversion Uncovered Through Crossed Aphasia.

Phonemic paraphasia, a common characteristic of conduction aphasia, has traditionally been attributed to phonological representation dysfunction. An alternative hypothesis posits that phonemic paraphasia arises from difficulty converting phonemes into their corresponding articulatory maneuvers. However, detailed case studies supporting this theory have been lacking. In this report, we present the case of a 61-year-old right-handed man with right temporo-parietal infarction who exhibited crossed aphasia characterized by typical conduction aphasia symptoms (eg, relatively fluent speech with intact comprehension, frequent phonemic paraphasia, and pronounced difficulties in oral repetition) in the absence of distorted articulation, syllable segmentation, and prosody impairment. Despite the frequent occurrence of phonemic paraphasia and articulatory challenges, our patient's phonological representations remained relatively intact. His phonemic paraphasia was often self-corrected to produce correct responses, a feature known as conduit d'approche. During the oral repetition of individual mora (ie, the smallest unit of speech in Japanese), we observed that the patient consistently traced the corresponding Hiragana phonetic symbol accurately, despite his difficulties in articulation. We substantiated this phenomenon through objective assessment and posit that it resulted from an unusual separation of language functions in crossed aphasia-specifically, a disconnection between phonological representations in the right temporo-parietal cortex and speech articulation engrams in the left hemisphere. In this case of conduction aphasia, articulatory-based phonemic paraphasia may be viewed as an inability to convert phonemes into the appropriate articulatory maneuvers rather than as phonological representation dysfunction or apraxia of speech.

THE DYNAMICS OF SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF INDIVIDUALLY COINED AUTHOR’S NEOLOGISMS: FROM ‘VIOLATING’ THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM TO REALIZING ITS POTENTIAL

The description of author’s neologisms (occasional words) by linguistics demonstrates the dynamics of their scientific understanding: initially perceived as ‘violators’ of language standards, they eventually acquire the status of speech units that reveal the potential of the linguistic word-formation subsystem. In this regard, the canonical markers of occasionalisms need to be reconsidered. The most complicated marker of the author’s neologism is non-normativity: the very fact of its occurrence or inconsistency (structural or semantic) with the language word-formation standards could be considered non-normative. The question of the normativity/non-normativity of an occasional word in academia could be considered within the framework of diachronic and synchronic approaches. The study of the non-normativity markers of author’s neologism is most productive if carried out on the basis of a single semantic family realized in the text: within this approach occasional expressions that seem individually non-normative often form a coherent system that fits perfectly into linguistic word-formation standards. Within the academic perception discourse author’s neologism as a realized potential of the word-formation system should be distinguished from actual neologism - the result of word formation. In fact, the criteria for distinguishing neologisms from occasional words are not always clear, the boundaries are unsteady: there are many cases when an occasionalism starts to reproduce itself and enters the language vocabulary which might indirectly indicate that native speakers perceive it as a standard lexical unit. The change in the status of an occasional word in linguistics as well as general attention to the functioning of language noted in modern linguistics led to the fact that the author’s neology began to be studied at school: educational information about it is included in contemporary school Russian textbooks and workbooks.

New Political Phraseology in Bulgarian Public Speech

This text explores the potential for updating the phraseological fund of the Bulgarian language in the Bulgarian public discourse and examines the influence of different types of updates on the specifics of the functioning of the given phraseological units in public speech. The most visible updates are those that clearly introduce new elements into the meaning of the original sustained phrase, but at the same time retain the obvious connection to the original language unit. Phraseological units, which are generally distinguished by semantic indivisibility, stability of their lexical composition, invariable structure, imagery, emotionality and expressiveness, are subject to dynamic changes occurring in Bulgarian language in recent years. We direct our interest to stable expressions, in the composition of which a new component appears as a manifestation of lexical dynamics, which replaces an already established one, or an additional element appears in the structure of a phraseology, i.e. our attention will be directed mainly to the so-called lexical updates of the phraseological fund. In the text, we trace the change (structural and semantic) in a number of phraseological units in the Bulgarian language, in which the entry of the lexical component kopeyka is observed. The excerpted material is from two corpora – CLASSLA-web.bg (Bulgarian web) and the corpus of parliamentary speech ParlaMint corpus: https://www.clarin.si/ske/#concordance. The examples extracted from the corpora are relevant for tracking the changes we are interested in in the phraseological fund of the modern Bulgarian language.

THE SPEECH PROCESS AND ITS NOMINATIVE ASPECTS

This article investigates with linguistic aspects of speech process and its nominative aspects, including all units of language and speech while taking into consideration of intersections. As their number of unlike viewpoints, the syntax of external speech is diverse from internal speech syntax, because the internal speech is for the speaker and external one is pointed at someone. Final outcomes and shortcoming of the research may lead to better investigation as whole.

DIALECTISMS IN NOVEL "MAMY" BY MARIA MATIOS

The article analyzes the accentuation, phonetic, morphological, word-forming and phraseological dialectisms used in the six-act drama "Mamy" by Maria Mathios. Unlike lexical dialectisms, which are mostly presented in page-by-page footnotes with an interpretation of their semantics by the author, the speech units studied in the proposed article mostly function in the text of the work itself and do not require explanation, as they are completely understandable from the context. Instead, phraseological dialectisms are also often explained in footnotes, since their semantics may not be completely clear to the general public. At the same time, we observe the use of phonetic, morphological, accentuation and phraseological dialectisms precisely in the speech of the characters, although lexical ones are also presented in the author's speech. In addition, the researched work presents significant monologues of characters, which contain a number of various speech units from different structural levels of the language. Among the morphological dialectisms, we note speech features primarily in the field of nouns, in particular, the presence of the ending -y in the genitive singular of feminine nouns of the third declension; in verb forms, primarily in the preservation of ancient forms of the past tense, the function of the participle-postfix -sia is mainly in the preposition; in the writer's representation of a number of dialect forms of official parts of speech, as well as exclamations. Accentuational dialectisms are mostly paroxytonated units. Word-forming dialectisms differ from literary language mainly by suffixes, less often by prefixes. Phraseological dialecticisms used in the text of the novel are emotionally saturated, are an important element of the characters' speech, and function mostly with the main component of the verb and verbal semantics. The researched types of dialectisms recorded in the prose text are presented in dialects of the southwestern dialect, primarily Hutsul, Transnistrian, Bukovinian, Transcarpathian, and Boykish. The analyzed dialect units are an important component of the characters' individual speech, logically woven into the linguistic fabric of the artistic text.

Текстообразующий потенциал дискурсивных маркеров в научной коммуникации

The paper analyzes regulatives, discursives, and accentuators as speech units (discourse markers) that are directly involved in text formation. The aim of the study is to substantiate the text-forming function of discourse markers as auxiliary to expanded variative repetitions that underly the text-forming mechanism in scientific speech. The paper discusses the status of discourse markers and their role in the process of presenting new scientific knowledge; the role of expanded variative repetitions as a mechanism for text expansion; the correlation between expanded variative repetitions and discourse markers as units involved in text expansion; and describes the functions of discourse markers. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is the first to demonstrate the auxiliary role of discourse markers in relation to expanded variative repetitions in the process of expressing new scientific knowledge; to substantiate the text-forming role of discursives in the cognitive process. The results of the study show that discourse markers participate in the construction of an utterance as elements of its semantic organization, thus actualizing the necessary intonational and modal information from the author’s point of view, i.e., they contribute to a more accurate expression of the author’s scientific intention and, therefore, to a more accurate understanding of the content of the text and new scientific knowledge in general by the addressee.

Sound symbolism in manual and vocal responses: phoneme-response interactions associated with grasping as well as vertical and size dimensions of keypresses

It has been shown that reading the vowel [i] and consonant [t] facilitates precision grip responses, while [ɑ] and [k] are associated with faster power grip responses. A similar effect has been observed when participants perform responses with small or large response keys. The present study investigated whether the vowels and consonants could produce different effects with the grip responses and keypresses when the speech units are read aloud (Experiment 1) or silently (Experiment 2). As a second objective, the study investigated whether the recently observed effect, in which the upper position of a visual stimulus is associated with faster vocalizations of the high vowel and the lower position is associated with the low vowel, can be observed in manual responses linking, for example, the [i] with responses of the upper key and [ɑ] with lower responses. Firstly, the study showed that when the consonants are overtly articulated, the interaction effect can be observed only with the grip responses, while the vowel production was shown to systematically influence small/large keypresses, as well as precision/power grip responses. Secondly, the vowel [i] and consonant [t] were associated with the upper responses, while [ɑ] and [k] were associated with the lower responses, particularly in the overt articulation task. The paper delves into the potential sound-symbolic implications of these phonetic elements, suggesting that their acoustic and articulatory characteristics might implicitly align them with specific response magnitudes, vertical positions, and grip types.

LINGUISTIC ECONOMY AND SYSTEMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF LANGUAGE

The article provides general information about language phenomena, artificial intelligence and their connection with knowledge, thinking, memory, etc. In addition, the approaches and opinions of scientists on these topics are presented and explained with the help of examples. The author states that the movement of thinking and the formation of thought is associated with cognitive activity, a process that ensures the reflection of reality directly in the mind. It is known that the formation of speech units and their understanding are the result of mental activity. The performance of this activity is directly related to the condition of obtaining linguistic knowledge. There is no way to know reality without linguistic knowledge, to lyrically express logical structures that reflect information about the current event-events. However, at the intersection of cognitive science, six fields of science are adjacent, and a single scientific goal is to be occupied with the search for a solution to the problems of concentration, processing and application of knowledge in natural and artificial systems. It seems-that interrelation between these areas does not take place in the same way, whereas, Artificial Intelligence and anthropological philosophy are directly related.Meanwhile, human cognitive activity should be considered not as a reflection of being as a mirror, but as a phenomenon that reflects the inner or outer essence of objects. The mental structure formed in the process of cognition –the content of the concept is occupied by character-features that have a clear appearance of exactly this type, and the same features lead in the linguistic reality of the concept.

Phraseologigal Units with an Evaluative Component in Public Speech of Modern Politicians

Under the conditions of modern realities, among linguists, there exists an interestingness in studying political texts. By transmitting the abundant information to millions of people, it is possible to have a significant impact not only on public opinion, but also to influence everyday life, relationships between individuals, and shape the behavior of a society. Phraseological units functioning in political communication are able to express a thought most vividly, carry an evaluative meaning, and have a manipulative effect on an addressee. The relevance of the study is due to the relatively weak coverage of studies of phraseology as a component of the political discursive and communicative space based on the comparative material of speeches by Russian and Kazakh politicians. The purpose of this study is to examine the phraseological units of public speech, containing an evaluative component, delivered by politicians of the two countries. The study uses a continuous sampling technique, content analysis, as well as a descriptive and analytical method. The result of the study is an analysis of distinctive features, a comparison of the appliance of political phraseology in the political space of Russia and Kazakhstan. However, it should be noted that there has not been formed a unified classification of evaluative phraseological units in political discourse. The authors of the article distinguish the regularity of separating phraseological units into negative and positive contexts, and political phraseology is most often provided in the form of the opposition good - bad // self - other . Special attention is drawn to the analysis of proverbs and sayings in political speech. The authors marked the tendency self - other opposition in political speech on a rigid axiological basis, which is associated with the opposition of good - bad . In the course of the study, we noted that Kazakh politicians are less likely to turn to the categorical assessment of others, and do not use specific subjects of political activity as opponents. The description of the methods of transformation of phraseological units on the material of public speeches makes it possible for the addressee to formulate a point of view on any subject or phenomenon, evaluate it or give it a new stylistic nuance.

Analysis of hyperbolised phraseology and its cognitive aspect in media literacy

Relevance. The relevance of this study is motivated by a broad public interest in modern media communications, including the use of linguistic means to implement speech strategies and communicative tactics, maximising the impact on the selected audience, and the limited understanding of the functionality of hyperbole-based phraseological expressions in media discourse. Purpose. The purpose of the presented investigation is to comprehend the leading mechanisms of constructing a language paradigm in cognitive terms, linguistic analysis of stable units of speech as means of emotive-evaluation in text, the definition of the main lexical and semantic means, author's intentions and narrativity in media texts. Methodology. The main method employed is a theoretical approach to the study of media literacy in contemporary society, constructing linguistic templates for the perception of reality and its representation in a cognitive manner. Results. This investigation reveals the basic mechanisms of realization of communicative strategies in the media sphere by means of attracting a wide arsenal of linguistic resources, focusing on the functioning of phraseological units built on hyperbole by the example of the national language code (English and Kazakh). Conclusions. The materials presented in this study will contribute to further in-depth study of the frequency of use of such idioms, the functionality of texts using them and the ethical implementation of communication between author and recipient, to analyse the linguistic resources that can and cannot be used in media contexts, to structure the media field depending on the style and targeting, to establish basic rules and criteria to determine the media literacy of speakers of the national speech code. Keywords: phraseological unit; media communication; critical thinking; information space; phraseme; media field

The pragmalinguistic aspect of the choice of speech units in the author's strategies of literary monuments of the XV – XVI centuries.

The subject of the study is the texts of literary monuments of the XV – XVI centuries. The object of the research is the author's strategies, which are studied from the perspective of two modern areas of science: cognitive and pragmatic linguistics.The audience's reaction to the author's conviction is determined by the communicative factors of the impact of speech on the reader's consciousness and is determined by the vital connection of language and thinking. Therefore, the issues of speech impact (a pragmatic problem) and cognition in natural language (a problem of cognitive linguistics) should be considered in synthesis. This approach, according to the authors, makes it possible to study the subject side of the study most fully and achieve the goals set.The purpose of the study is to consider the possibility of classifying the speech units of texts of literary monuments of the XV – XVI centuries from the standpoint of the synthesis of cognitive and functional-pragmatic ways of studying the text.The tasks are to substantiate the possibility of synthesizing linguistic-cognitive and functional-pragmatic methods of studying author's strategies, as well as the classification of speech units of the text of monuments of the XIV – XVI centuries according to the author's strategies. The research methods are conceptual analysis and functional diagnostic method of pragmalinguistics. The ability to categorize concepts allows you to cluster them based on certain similarities and present them as units (clusters) based on the main feature. The functional nature of the choice of units acting as influencing tools that form the reader's attitude to the text, the author, the ideas of a particular author or a group as a whole. The novelty of this work lies in the possibility of combining the approaches of cognitive linguistics and functional pragmalinguistics to the study of author's strategies, which has not been widely practiced by researchers before. The achieved results allow us to conclude that this synthetic approach can be applied to research in the field of textual psychology, author's strategies, the author's speech image, and speech portraiture. The strategies identified in the texts act as clusters of concepts, which in turn constitute the main functional and pragmalinguistic tools that implement the author's intentions and ensure the perlocative effect of the text. The cognitive-pragmatic component of the author's impact strategies is structured mainly around the ideological and religious struggle. In second place are public– and private-business relations, which often mix into a single conceptual and pragmatic space.

Functional and semantic basis of the organisation of the process of foreign language communicative competence development of students

Relevance. By focusing on lexicalised grammatical material as a means of forming English-language communicative competence in non-linguistic specialisations educators can better prepare students to excel in their chosen professions by equipping them with the language knowledge for effective communication in their respective fields. Purpose. This study aims to demonstrate how functionally described grammatical units effectively shape speech and communicative competence in teaching "Professionally oriented foreign language" within "Tourism" and "Socio-Cultural Service" specialisations. The objective of the study is to check the mechanism of activation of frequency semantic units in the professional speech of future specialists in the field of tourism. Methodology. The paper uses such research methods as semantic analysis, statistical method, modelling, approbation, analysis of research subject based on the processing of educational texts. 15 2nd-year students of the specialisation "Tourism" and "Socio-cultural service" took part in the study. Results. The conducted research proves the necessity of organising a system of preliminary preparation of material with the selection of lexicalised material for developing English-language communicative competence. An algorithm and corresponding practices have been devised to expedite students' foreign language communicative competence development, ensuring proficient utilisation of acquired knowledge in their professional endeavors. The study delineates the constituent elements of foreign language communicative competency and aligns them with the overarching objectives of teaching within non-linguistic specialisations, encompassing linguistic, sociolinguistic, sociocultural, social, reflexive, pragmatic, and discursive components. Conclusions. Lexicalised grammatical material significantly influences the development of foreign language communicative competence in non-linguistic students specializing in "Tourism" and "Socio-cultural Service". Integrating intercultural competency into language acquisition is crucial, enhancing students' ability to navigate diverse cultural contexts effectively. The results of the study can be used in conducting English language classes of the discipline "Professionally oriented foreign language" in the specialisations "Tourism" and "Socio-cultural service". Keywords: semantic types of elementary utterances; speech act; lexical compatibility; lexical variation; syntactic field; syntactic synonymy

Текстемный анализ специальных текстов по виноделию

This article carries out a comprehensive and multifactorial semantic-structural analysis of special texts on winemaking, taking into account the contact and distant semantic connections of individual speech units (propositional locutemes) among themselves and the relationships of individual sentences, the totality of which makes up the text. The purpose of the study is to develop a typology of prototypical semantic structures (textemes) of special winemaking texts, which will improve the technology for translating winemaking concepts taking into account the context and their meaning. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time, with the help of linguocogitological methods, built-up contact and distant connections of logosemic features of syntagmemes as unifying links of block textemes have been identified in order to categorize logosemes in special texts on winemaking in the process of semantization. The obtained results make it possible to describe the specific functioning of the components of texts of various levels in the form of a complex of interconnected elements, i. e., the lingvemic-locutematic mechanism for creating explicit and implicit connections of intercategorical logical-semantic features in special texts on winemaking, representing the process of textemization.

Exploring emergent syllables in end-to-end automatic speech recognizers through model explainability technique

Automatic speech recognition systems based on end-to-end models (E2E-ASRs) can achieve comparable performance to conventional ASR systems while reproducing all their essential parts automatically, from speech units to the language model. However, they hide the underlying perceptual processes modelled, if any, and they have lower adaptability to multiple application contexts, and, furthermore, they require powerful hardware and an extensive amount of training data. Model-explainability techniques can explore the internal dynamics of these ASR systems and possibly understand and explain the processes conducting to their decisions and outputs. Understanding these processes can help enhance ASR performance and reduce the required training data and hardware significantly. In this paper, we probe the internal dynamics of three E2E-ASRs pre-trained for English by building an acoustic-syllable boundary detector for Italian and Spanish based on the E2E-ASRs’ internal encoding layer outputs. We demonstrate that the shallower E2E-ASR layers spontaneously form a rhythmic component correlated with prominent syllables, central in human speech processing. This finding highlights a parallel between the analysed E2E-ASRs and human speech recognition. Our results contribute to the body of knowledge by providing a human-explainable insight into behaviours encoded in popular E2E-ASR systems.

A mobile Deep Sparse Wavelet autoencoder for Arabic acoustic unit modeling and recognition

In this manuscript, we introduce a novel methodology for modeling acoustic units within a mobile architecture, employing a synergistic combination of various motivating techniques, including deep learning, sparse coding, and wavelet networks. The core concept involves constructing a Deep Sparse Wavelet Network (DSWN) through the integration of stacked wavelet autoencoders. The DSWN is designed to classify a specific class and discern it from other classes within a dataset of acoustic units. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and perceptual linear predictive (PLP) features are utilized for encoding speech units. This approach is tailored to leverage the computational capabilities of mobile devices by establishing deep networks with minimal connections, thereby immediately reducing computational overhead. The experimental findings demonstrate the efficacy of our system when applied to a segmented corpus of Arabic words. Notwithstanding promising results, we will explore the limitations of our methodology. One limitation concerns the use of a specific dataset of Arabic words. The generalizability of the sparse deep wavelet network (DSWN) to various contexts requires further investigation “We will evaluate the impact of speech variations, such as accents, on the performance of our model, for a nuanced understanding.

Analisis Gaya Bahasa dalam Pidato : Pasambahan Manyerak Bareh Kunyik

This research aims to analyze the language style in the pasambahan manyerak bareh kunyik in the city of Padang Panjang. This research explores the language styles in Pasambahan Manyerak Bareh Kunyik, a traditional Minangkabau art, with the aim of exploring the depth of the language styles and speech embedded in this performance. This research carries a stylistic approach with the aim of looking at the techniques and forms of a person's language style in presenting ideas in accordance with the ideas and norms used as well as the personal characteristics of the user. The term language style is not referred to the entire form of language use as discourse, but rather to words and units of speech that are considered to contain beauty. Therefore, the research carried out focuses more on units of expression in isolation, not on textual relationships. The method used in this research is the Listening Method to obtain data by listening to language use. The term listening here is not only related to the use of spoken language, but also the use of written language. Furthermore, the technique used here is the tapping technique which is referred to as the basic technique in the listening method because essentially listening is realized by tapping. In this article, researchers attempt to obtain data by tapping into the language use of a person or several people who are informants. In subsequent practice, this tapping technique was followed by a further technique in the form of free listening techniques without getting involved in the conversation, meaning that the researcher only acted as an observer of the informant's use of language and was not involved in the speech event whose language was being studied.

Kyrgyz Proverb as a Means of Teaching the Syntax of the Kyrgyz Language

The article discusses the importance of using proverbs in the field of education and teaching the Kyrgyz language, as well as a syntactic analysis of proverbs. The proverb as a linguistic and speech unit is widely studied in Kyrgyz linguistics, as a didactic work in Kyrgyz literary criticism and as a classic example of folk pedagogy. The purpose of the study is to show how to correctly and effectively use Kyrgyz proverbs when teaching Kyrgyz as a native language. The work mentions some ways of implementing the syntactic constructions of proverbs in the Kyrgyz language. Kyrgyz folk works, when used skillfully, can help intensify the cognitive activity of students. The use of folklore materials as a teaching tool requires a detailed study of their linguistic nature. The use of proverbs in Kyrgyz language lessons enriches vocabulary and expands the range of grammatical means used, develops the ability to recognize, analyze, and classify linguistic facts.

Creation and importance of language corps in Uzbekistan

The article discusses the transformation of language into the language of the Internet, computer technology, mathematical linguistics, its continuation and the formation and development of computer linguistics, in particular the question of modeling natural languages for artificial intelligence. The Uzbek National Corps plays an important role in enhancing the international status of the Uzbek language. The work carried out in the field of computer linguistics plays an important role in resolving existing problems in the Uzbek language. The question of the linguistic and extralinguistic separation of special tags for marking texts and their components is studied in particular.The coding requirements for important text information are defined. The state analyzes the linguistic module and the algorithm and its types from independent components of the linguistic program code. The need for algorithms for phonological, morphological and spelling rules for the formation of the lexical and grammatical code is scientifically substantiated. The importance of such linguistic modules as phonology, morphology and spelling in the formation of the linguistic base of the national corpus of the Uzbek language is emphasized. The article examines the corpus’s primary purpose as a complex linguistic source, as well as the fact that it primarily contains two sorts of information and its types. The key effective capabilities of the corpus, according to the paper, are reducing time spent on the text analysis process and being able to explain the properties of language units in speech with thousands of instances. The national corpus, the educational corpus, and the parallel corpus are all discussed in the subject of computer linguistics. It was stressed that linguistic and extralinguistic tagging of them, the development of corpus formation algorithms, and the establishment of corpus linguistic support are all societal need. It recognizes the urgency of developing the basis for the creation of the Uzbek language corpus, conducting research in the field of computer linguistics as a scientific and theoretical source.