Speech Movements Research Articles

A first investigation of tongue, lip, and jaw movements in persons with dysarthria due to multiple sclerosis

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis can affect the speech motor system and result in dysarthria. ObjectivesThis pilot study sought to identify tongue, lip, and jaw motor deficits in persons with dysarthria due to multiple sclerosis (PwDMS) to better understand the speech motor mechanisms that underlie their aberrant speech. MethodsTongue and jaw movements during “ai” and lower lip and jaw movements during “bob”were examined in eleven PwDMS and fourteen age- and sex-matched controls using three-dimensional electromagnetic articulography. Movement duration, maximum displacement, peak speed, stiffness (i.e., peak speed/displacement ratio), and jaw contribution to lower lip and tongue displacements were of particular interest. ResultsWhereas most kinematic measures yielded significant between-group differences for tongue and jaw motor performance during “ai”, lower lip and jaw motor performance during “bob” were mostly comparable between groups. ConclusionFindings suggest that speech movements of the tongue are differentially more impaired than those of the lower lip in PwDMS. Particularly the ability to move the tongue with adequate speed during speech was significantly impaired in PwDMS, which may explain, in part, their slowed speech rate. Aberrant jaw kinematics during “ai” may be a compensatory strategy to maximize speech clarity in the presence of the impaired tongue motor performance.

Sensorimotor Impairment of Speech and Hand Movement Timing Processing in Parkinson’s Disease

Models of motor control have highlighted the role of temporal predictive mechanisms in sensorimotor processing of speech and limb movement timing. We investigated how these mechanisms are affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD) while patients performed speech and hand motor reaction time tasks in response to sensory stimuli with predictable and unpredictable temporal dynamics. Results showed slower motor reaction times in PD vs. control in response to temporally predictable, but not unpredictable stimuli. This effect was driven by faster motor responses to predictable stimuli in control subjects; however, no such effect was observed in the PD group. These findings indicated the relationship between PD pathology and sensorimotor deficits in temporal predictive mechanisms of timing processing during speech production and hand movement.

The influence of prior pronunciations on sensorimotor cortex activity patterns during vowel production

Objective. In recent years, brain–computer interface (BCI) systems have been investigated for their potential as a communication device to assist people with severe paralysis. Decoding speech sensorimotor cortex activity is a promising avenue for the generation of BCI control signals, but is complicated by variability in neural patterns, leading to suboptimal decoding. We investigated whether neural pattern variability associated with sound pronunciation can be explained by prior pronunciations and determined to what extent prior speech affects BCI decoding accuracy. Approach. Neural patterns in speech motor areas were evaluated with electrocorticography in five epilepsy patients, who performed a simple speech task that involved pronunciation of the /i/ sound, preceded by either silence, the /a/ sound or the /u/ sound. Main results. The neural pattern related to the /i/ sound depends on previous sounds and is therefore associated with multiple distinct sensorimotor patterns, which is likely to reflect differences in the movements towards this sound. We also show that these patterns still contain a commonality that is distinct from the other vowel sounds (/a/ and /u/). Classification accuracies for the decoding of different sounds do increase, however, when the multiple patterns for the /i/ sound are taken into account. Simply including multiple forms of the /i/ vowel in the training set for the creation of a single /i/ model performs as well as training individual models for each /i/ variation. Significance. Our results are of interest for the development of BCIs that aim to decode speech sounds from the sensorimotor cortex, since they argue that a multitude of cortical activity patterns associated with speech movements can be reduced to a basis set of models which reflect meaningful language units (vowels), yet it is important to account for the variety of neural patterns associated with a single sound in the training process.

Becoming the Rolling Quads: Disability Politics at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1960s

Historical analyses of 1960s university campus activism have focused on activities related to the civil rights movement, Free Speech Movement, and opposition to the Vietnam War. This study supplements the historiography of civil disobedience and political activity on college campuses during that tumultuous era with an account of the initiation of the disability rights movement with the Rolling Quads, a group of disabled student activists at the University of California, Berkeley. This small group, with little political experience and limited connections to campus and community activists, organized to combat the paternalistic managerial practices of the university and the California Department of Rehabilitation. Drawing from the philosophy and strategies of the seething political culture of 1969 Berkeley, the Rolling Quads formed an activist cell that expanded within less than a decade into the most influential disability rights organization in the country.

Traduzir no século XXI

Traduzir no século XXI é um texto de Henri Meschonnic no qual ele retoma os eixos de seu pensamento sobre o que é traduzir. O ponto de partida de sua teoria/prática é que traduzir é uma atividade que se inscreve na teoria da linguagem. Portanto, para pensar o traduzir é preciso também pensar a linguagem e sair de uma representação desta presa ao descontínuo do signo que opõe: som e sentido, forma e conteúdo, afeto e conceito, linguagem e vida. Para Meschonnic não pode existir separação entre o vivo e a linguagem. Por isso, ele não pensa a linguagem pelo signo mas pelo ritmo. Um ritmo que ele redefine como a organização do movimento da fala, um movimento contínuo. É na prática de tradução da Bíblia hebraica que Meschonnic embasa a sua reflexão e elabora a sua teoria.

A biomechanical model for infant speech and aerodigestive movements

A central question in speech acquisition is how infants are able to learn speech movements rapidly and with limited input. A relatively untested but appealing hypothesis is that some core speech movements may build on preexisting aerodigestive movements like swallowing and suckling (e.g. [MacNeilage, 2008, The Origin of Speech ]; [Studdert-Kennedy & Goldstein, 2003, Launching Language ]). We will present a model of an infant tongue and palate using a 3D biomechanical simulation platform ( www.artisynth.org ; e.g., [Stavness et al., 2012, J. Biomech . 45(16): 355-94]; [Gick et al., 2014, Compu. Meth. in Biomech. & Biomed. Eng.: Imag. & Vis. 2(4): 217-222]). This model, generated from CT and MRI imaging data, will be capable of simulating both swallowing and simple speech movements. The results of simulations using this model will provide useful insight into infant motor control, and will help to supplement neurological, clinical and kinematic evidence relating speech and aerodigestive movements. [Funding from NSERC].

Coarticulation of speech and smile movements

Facial expressions and speech movements can impose conflicting demands on articulators. For example, the lip spreading movement associated with smiling is incompatible with bilabial closures for /m/, /b/ or /p/. Anecdotal evidence suggests this conflict may resolve as labiodental stop variants (see http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.ca/2012/03/u.html), though this discussion has been controversial [Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996, p. 18]. The simplest model of coarticulation—one of unmediated superposition of muscle activations [Gick et al., 2013, POMA 060207]—predicts that the outcome of this conflict should be determined by summing opposing forces due to competing muscle activations. If so, varying degrees of smile and varying degrees of closure force (e.g., for different stop consonants) should be expected to produce distinct outputs. Previous work suggests that closures for /m/, /b/ and /p/ vary (increasingly) in both intraoral pressure [Lubker & Parris 1970, JASA 47: 625] and muscle force [Gick et al. 2012, JASA 131: 3345]. An experiment will be presented in which bilabial stops are produced under varying smile conditions. Preliminary results indicate that labiodental stop variants occur more frequently for lower-force stops under higher-force smile conditions, as predicted. Implications for models of coarticulation will be discussed. [Funding from NSERC.]

Individual differences and their effect on the nature of speech motor errors in younger and older adults

Older adults have been reported to have a greater propensity towards speech errors [MacKay & James, Psych & Aging, 19(1), 93–107 (2004)],but as with many age-related effects, there is considerable variability in results and a need to identify behavioral predictors. The present study employs a motor speech paradigm, whereby both younger and older adults repeated word pairs (e.g., “top-cop”) timed to a metronome in an accelerating rate task. The metronome had a steady rate for half the task (8s) and then increased at a linear rate. Participants also completed evaluations of motor speech, sensory, and cognitive abilities, so that these individual characteristics can be correlated with speech error tendencies. Articulatory data of speech movements were collected in the form of ultrasound tongue contours and lip aperture derived from facial video. Articulatory results are discussed in terms of speech error gradience in the context of previous work [Pouplier, Proc. XVth ICPhS, 2245–2248 (2003)], with emphasis on how well speakers adapt to the changing metronome rate, and how this affects error incidence in younger versus older adults.

Tongue position during speech as a function of palatal anatomy: Controls and glossectomy patients

This study examined the effect of palatal anatomy on tongue position during the complex speech movement seen in the motion from /ʃ/ to /l/ in “shell.” The study was interested in whether subjects with flatter/narrower palates would use more tongue anteriority than those with higher/wider palates. Anteriority is the percent of the tongue anterior to the first molar. Low palate speakers may use more anteriority due to less space in the palatal vault. The speech task “a shell” requires complicated deformation between the /ʃ/, which elevates the sides of the tongue, and the /l/, which lowers the sides, elevates the tongue tip, and retracts the root. In the past, palate effects have been shown to explain idiosyncratic subject differences. Palate height explained the use of apical vs laminal /s/. Palate width affected the anteriority of tongue position in cancer patients after glossectomy surgery. Therefore, this study examined 16 controls and 8 glossectomy patients. Initial measurements show more anteriority for patients than controls. In addition, patients with a large overbite (vertical overlap between upper and lower incisor) had more anteriority due to a smaller front cavity.

Tongue bracing under bite block perturbation

Speech sounds have been shown to adapt quickly but imperfectly under bite block perturbation, supporting opposing acoustic vs. articulatory compensation mechanisms [Gay et al. JASA 69: 802. 1981; Flege et al. JASA 83: 212. 1998]. The present study considers whether lingual bracing may provide insight into these apparently conflicting findings. Tongue bracing against the teeth or palate is a pervasive posture maintained during normal speech [Gick et al. JSLHR. 60:494. 2017]; we aim to test whether the tongue adapts its bracing position rather than adapting each speech movement individually, providing a single, postural parametric mechanism for responding to jaw perturbation. Results of an experiment will be presented in which native English-speaking participants read aloud passages normally and under bite block conditions translating the jaw in forward, backward or lateral directions, and to varying degrees of opening. Coronal ultrasound imaging results will be reported, measuring positions of the lateral tongue for indications of stable bracing postures. Implications of these findings will be discussed for models of speech production. [Funding from NSERC.]

A battlefield or a lecture hall? A contrastive multimodal discourse analysis of courtroom trials

ABSTRACTThis paper conducts a contrastive multimodal discourse analysis of an American courtroom trial with a Chinese courtroom trial, which falls into the research area of forensic linguistics. The author studies the courtroom trials as multimodal discourse from the perspective of systemic-functional linguistics, centering on the legal actors’ verbal language (speech) and paralanguage (gestures, gaze and bodily movements) in making the kinds of meaning – in SFL terms the trilogy of ideational, interpersonal, and textual meaning in the courtrooms. This study finds that the American courtroom is more like a battlefield with the prosecuting and defense attorneys fighting each other on even ground with the weapons of speech, gestures, gaze and bodily movements, whereas the Chinese courtroom is more like a lecture hall wherein the procurators and the defense lawyers, although seated face-to-face, play their hierarchical part in ‘lecturing’ to the audience with language and gaze. The study reveals the unbalanced relationship between the procurators and the defense lawyers in the Chinese courtroom represented by their multimodal discourse, and sheds some light on further research in this line and gives some implications to the betterment of legal actors’ employment of multimodality.

An ultrasound investigation of the speech motor skills of stuttering Italian children

ABSTRACT This study aims at evaluating speech motor skills in the fluent speech of a cohort of stuttering Italian children. Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder that may arise from an innate limitation of the speech motor control system, which fails to prepare and organize the movements required for fluent speech (Van Lieshout, Hulstijn, & Peters, 2004). Anticipatory coarticulation in CV sequences and stability of speech movements have been used as measures of the maturity of articulatory processes for fluent speech production. This study aims to assess if direct measures of speech dynamics can identify impaired mechanisms in stuttering speech during a phrase-repetition task. The Ultrasound Tongue Imaging data of eight school-aged children, half of whom stutter while the other half don’t, show different articulatory patterns between the two groups, for both motor aspects under investigation. Articulatory data show that the stuttering group presents a higher degree of intra-syllabic coarticulation compared to the control group and decreased stability (i.e. more variability) through multiple repetitions of the same alveolar and velar item. Outcomes of this study suggest that the speech motor control system of children who stutter is less mature in preparing and executing the speech gestures required for fluent speech. This study contributes to shedding light on the impaired articulatory patterns involved in stuttering speech and to identifying the diagnostic markers of the disorder by evaluating the speech of children close to the onset of stuttering.

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-α and β are Involved in Fluid Shear Stress Regulated Cell Migration in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells.

Fluid shear stress (FSS) is the most common stress produced by mastication, speech, or tooth movement. However, how FSS regulates human periodontal ligament (PDL) cell proliferation and migration as well as the underlying mechanism remains unknown. FSS (6dyn/cm2) was produced in a flow chamber. Cell proliferation was tested by the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay. Cell migration was tested by the wound healing assay. Gene and protein expression of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. We investigated the effect of 4h of 6dyn/cm2 FSS on proliferation and migration of PDL cells. FSS promoted PDL cell proliferation but inhibited migration. The gene and protein expression of PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-α and β both decreased in response to FSS. Activating and inhibiting the PDGFRs did not affect the FSS-induced increase in cell proliferation. However, activating PDGFRs with PDGF-BB, which bound both PDGFR-α and β, and PDGF-CC and DD, which had high affinities for PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β, individually rescued FSS-inhibited migration. FSS also inhibited MMP-2 gene expression, which was the most important factor for matrix turnover and migration of PDLs. PDGF-BB, CC, and DD increased the FSS-induced decline in MMP-2 expression. These results indicate that MMP-2 is regulated by FSS and contributes to the FSS-induced decrease in cell migration. Our study suggests a role for PDGFR-α and β in short-term FSS-regulated cell proliferation and migration. These results will help provide the scientific foundation for revealing the mechanisms clinical tooth movement and PDL regeneration.

Parent-mediated communication interventions for improving the communication skills of preschool children with non-progressive motor disorders.

Children with motor disorders can have difficulties in producing accurate and consistent movements for speech, gesture or facial expression (or a combination of these), making their communication difficult to understand. Parents may be offered training to help recognise and interpret their child's signals and to stimulate their children's development of new communication skills. To assess the effectiveness of parent-mediated communication interventions, compared to no intervention, treatment as usual or clinician-mediated interventions, for improving the communication skills of preschool children up to five years of age who have non-progressive motor disorders. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, 12 other databases and three trials registers in July 2017. We also searched the reference lists of relevant papers and reviews, and contacted experts working in the field to find unpublished studies. We included studies that used randomised or quasi-randomised designs; compared a parent-mediated communication intervention with no treatment, treatment as usual or clinician-mediated therapy; and included children with non-progressive motor disorders up to five years of age. We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. This review included two randomised controlled trials involving 38 children (20 boys, 18 girls), aged 15 to 96 months, and their mothers. All children had developmental disabilities; 10 had motor disorders, but it was unclear if these motor disorders affected their gestural, vocal or verbal communication. Mothers attended eight group training sessions over 11 to 12 weeks and received two or three home visits. Outcomes were assessed immediately after training. We found no report of longer-term follow-up. One study took place at an intervention centre in Canada and the other in South Korea.Both studies recruited small numbers of participants from single centres. Since it is not possible to blind participants attending or therapists providing training to group allocation, we considered both studies to be at high risk of performance bias. We also rated one study at high risk of attrition bias, and both studies at low risk of reporting bias.There was very low-quality evidence for all outcomes assessed. There was no evidence of an effect of training for children's initiation of conversation or engagement in joint attention during interaction with their mothers. Mothers who received training became more responsive to their children's communication, but there were no differences in the extent to which they controlled conversation by directing their children. Missing data meant that we were unable to evaluate the effects of training on children's frequency of communication, frequency of spoken language in conversation, speech production, or receptive or expressive language development. There were no effects on maternal stress. We found no reports of the effects of parent training on children's use of individual communication skills, such as asking questions or providing information, on their generic participation or adverse outcomes. Neither did we find reports of mothers' satisfaction with treatment, its acceptability or their compliance with it. There is only limited, very low quality evidence that parent-mediated communication interventions may be associated with improvements in interaction between mothers and their preschool children who have motor disorders. The indirectness of the study samples and high risk of bias in the included the studies significantly limits our confidence in the evidence, as do issues with study design and lack of detail in results. It is not clear if training has been tested with children whose motor disorders limit the consistency and accuracy of movements underpinning spoken or gestural communication. Some speech and language therapists currently provide communication training for parents. Further research, with larger numbers of children whose movement disorders affect their speech and gestures, coupled with detailed reporting of children's baseline skills, is needed to test whether communication training for parents can help them to promote the communication development of their young children with movement disorders.

The introduction of IMITATE-R and its comparison with the IMITATE treatment method in the naming ability of two Persian speaking aphasic patients

ABSTRACTMirror neurons that have properties of audio/visual-acuity play a key role in imitation of movement performance. Since speech is a collection of coordinated movements in the producing organs, observing and imitation of speech movements can stimulate these neurons. In addition, observing hand movements trigger some actions related to the verbal cortex in the network of mirror neurons. According to the hypothesis of mirror neurons, new therapeutic approaches, including IMITATE, have been proposed for patients with aphasia. In the present study, using the IMITATE programme, a new therapeutic approach called IMITATE-R was planned based on observation of oral movements, hand gestures, and imitation of oral movements. Afterward, the IMITATE and IMITATE-R methods were compared with each other on naming skills of two Persian people with aphasia. The results showed that the rate of benefit from each treatment in each client was proportional to its individual and linguistic characteristics; however, in both patients, the IMITATE-R method was more effective in improving the naming skill. The results of this study were aimed at confirming the hypothesis of mirror neurons and the use of methods are based on action-observation for the treatment of patients with aphasia.

Consensus-Based Attributes for Identifying Patients With Spasmodic Dysphonia and Other Voice Disorders

A roadblock for research on adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD), abductor SD (ABSD), voice tremor (VT), and muscular tension dysphonia (MTD) is the lack of criteria for selecting patients with these disorders. To determine the agreement among experts not using standard guidelines to classify patients with ABSD, ADSD, VT, and MTD, and develop expert consensus attributes for classifying patients for research. From 2011 to 2016, a multicenter observational study examined agreement among blinded experts when classifying patients with ADSD, ABSD, VT or MTD (first study). Subsequently, a 4-stage Delphi method study used reiterative stages of review by an expert panel and 46 community experts to develop consensus on attributes to be used for classifying patients with the 4 disorders (second study). The study used a convenience sample of 178 patients clinically diagnosed with ADSD, ABSD, VT MTD, vocal fold paresis/paralysis, psychogenic voice disorders, or hypophonia secondary to Parkinson disease. Participants were aged 18 years or older, without laryngeal structural disease or surgery for ADSD and underwent speech and nasolaryngoscopy video recordings following a standard protocol. Speech and nasolaryngoscopy video recordings following a standard protocol. Specialists at 4 sites classified 178 patients into 11 categories. Four international experts independently classified 75 patients using the same categories without guidelines after viewing speech and nasolaryngoscopy video recordings. Each member from the 4 sites also classified 50 patients from other sites after viewing video clips of voice/laryngeal tasks. Interrater κ less than 0.40 indicated poor classification agreement among rater pairs and across recruiting sites. Consequently, a Delphi panel of 13 experts identified and ranked speech and laryngeal movement attributes for classifying ADSD, ABSD, VT, and MTD, which were reviewed by 46 community specialists. Based on the median attribute rankings, a final attribute list was created for each disorder. When classifying patients without guidelines, raters differed in their classification distributions (likelihood ratio, χ2 = 107.66), had poor interrater agreement, and poor agreement with site categories. For 11 categories, the highest agreement was 34%, with no κ values greater than 0.26. In external rater pairs, the highest κ was 0.23 and the highest agreement was 38.5%. Using 6 categories, the highest percent agreement was 73.3% and the highest κ was 0.40. The Delphi method yielded 18 attributes for classifying disorders from speech and nasolaryngoscopic examinations. Specialists without guidelines had poor agreement when classifying patients for research, leading to a Delphi-based development of the Spasmodic Dysphonia Attributes Inventory for classifying patients with ADSD, ABSD, VT, and MTD for research.

Robert Duncan and the 1960s

Abstract This essay examines the contradictions of Robert Duncan’s 1960s political poetry by way of his reading of the legacy of modernism, notably as expounded in The H.D. Book. Drawing on the work of Daniel Tiffany, the essay first argues that here Duncan constructs a kitsch Ezra Pound to restore the true progressive political potential of Pound’s poetry. Using a largely Freudian methodology, Duncan finds in “kitsch” Pound a vector that opposes his authoritarian fascism. The essay then examines how Poundian poetics operates in Duncan’s poetry written in opposition to the Vietnam War and in support of the Berkeley free speech movement. This work is brought into dialogue with some of the conversations in France following May 1968 and with the slogan “Structures don’t take to the streets.” In both these sites, the question of the problematic relationship between individual political volition and activism, on the one hand, and a bourgeois conception of subjectivity, consciousness, and will, on the other, emerges as crucial.

Kinematic Features of Jaw and Lips Distinguish Symptomatic From Presymptomatic Stages of Bulbar Decline in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

The goals of this study were to (a) classify speech movements of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in presymptomatic and symptomatic phases of bulbar function decline relying solely on kinematic features of lips and jaw and (b) identify the most important measures that detect the transition between early and late bulbar changes. One hundred ninety-two recordings obtained from 64 patients with ALS were considered for the analysis. Feature selection and classification algorithms were used to analyze lip and jaw movements recorded with Optotrak Certus (Northern Digital Inc.) during a sentence task. A feature set, which included 35 measures of movement range, velocity, acceleration, jerk, and area measures of lips and jaw, was used to classify sessions according to the speaking rate into presymptomatic (> 160 words per minute) and symptomatic (< 160 words per minute) groups. Presymptomatic and symptomatic phases of bulbar decline were distinguished with high accuracy (87%), relying only on lip and jaw movements. The best features that allowed detecting the differences between early and later bulbar stages included cumulative path of lower lip and jaw, peak values of velocity, acceleration, and jerk of lower lip and jaw. The results established a relationship between facial kinematics and bulbar function decline in ALS. Considering that facial movements can be recorded by means of novel inexpensive and easy-to-use, video-based methods, this work supports the development of an automatic system for facial movement analysis to help clinicians in tracking the disease progression in ALS.

Task-dependent modulation of the visual sensory thalamus assists visual-speech recognition

The cerebral cortex modulates early sensory processing via feed-back connections to sensory pathway nuclei. The functions of this top-down modulation for human behavior are poorly understood. Here, we show that top-down modulation of the visual sensory thalamus (the lateral geniculate body, LGN) is involved in visual-speech recognition. In two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, LGN response increased when participants processed fast-varying features of articulatory movements required for visual-speech recognition, as compared to temporally more stable features required for face identification with the same stimulus material. The LGN response during the visual-speech task correlated positively with the visual-speech recognition scores across participants. In addition, the task-dependent modulation was present for speech movements and did not occur for control conditions involving non-speech biological movements. In face-to-face communication, visual speech recognition is used to enhance or even enable understanding what is said. Speech recognition is commonly explained in frameworks focusing on cerebral cortex areas. Our findings suggest that task-dependent modulation at subcortical sensory stages has an important role for communication: Together with similar findings in the auditory modality the findings imply that task-dependent modulation of the sensory thalami is a general mechanism to optimize speech recognition.

THE IDEOLOGY OF MINORITY: A TRANSNATIONAL STUDY OF THE AMERICAN NEW LEFT IN 1960S

Student organizations have been acknowledged as vanguards and agents of social and political change in some parts of the world. In America, the dynamic student organizations cannot be set apart from American history. The upheaval of the 1960s signaled the advent of the New Left movement, comprising the Free Speech Movement (FSM) and Students for A Democratic Society (SDS). While, in the Indonesian experience, there was somewhat of a similarity of thought and spirit related with the role of student movements historically. Therefore, the study is intended to discover the emergence of the New Left in Europe and America, and expose the cultural hybridity-similarities and reasons of occurrence-of the American New Left and Indonesian student movement in the 1970s. This research is written under the American Studies discipline, specifically related to Transnational American Studies by employing cultural hybridity and border discourse. The finding shows that the ideology of the American New Left in the 1960s comprises of a means of globalizing the New Left in Europe and America, involving the universal ideas of inequality, communication, people migration, and social phenomena in the 1960s and the cultural hybridity of the ideology of the American New Left in the 1960s and the Indonesian student movement of the 1970s evidently showing that the New Left is a ‘third ideology’ by resisting two globalized ideologies during the 1960s, capitalism and communism. In addition, the locality or sustained values, which are democracy and social justice and the universal values shared of the American New Left, FSM and SDS, and the Indonesian student movement in the 1970s are anti-establishment and anti-capitalistic society.Keywords: New Left, ideology, cultural hybridity, border discourse, minority.