Spectacle Research Articles

Eye Injuries and Related Risk Factors among Workers in Small-scale Industrial Enterprises

ABSTRACT Purpose We aimed to study eye injuries and their risk factors among workers at small-scale industrial enterprises. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study. Five hundred workers at small-scale industrial enterprises in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates were included. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data by direct interviews during the period of October 2018 through June 2019. The outcome measures included self-reported eye injuries, risk factors, and outcomes in the past 12 months. The study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results One-hundred seventy-five (35%) workers reported eye injury, 25 (14.3%) had recurrent injuries. Twenty-five (15%) received treatment for eye injury. Five percent were hospitalized. Workers who had an eye injury were less educated compared with those who did not (p < .0001), received less safety training (p < .0001), had less work experience (p < .0001), used more spectacle correction glasses (p < .0001), and had less usage of the safety eye goggles and safety eyeglasses (p < .0001) compared with those who had no eye injury. Arc welding (76; 43.4%), chipping (25; 14.3%), and drilling (24; 13.7%) were associated with high risk for eye injury. Twenty-eight percent of eye injuries occurred to observers or working assistants. Conclusions This study has shown a high percentage of eye injury incidents among workers at small-scale industrial enterprises. This was associated with low usage of the safety eye goggles and glasses. Arc welding posed significant risks for eye injury. This information is useful for safety promotion and development of work-related eye injury prevention legislations.

The Frequency of Gadget Usage or Monitor Exposure and Eyestrain

Monitor exposure from laptops or computers, cellphones and the frequency of their use, is still a suspected cause of eye disorders. The impact felt by students from monitor exposure is the appearance of eye fatigue, which results in impaired concentration and focus of learning. This study was conducted to examine the causes of eye fatigue caused by the duration, distance, time and lighting in the use of gadgets, monitor exposure. This type of the study is quantitative with an analytic observational design. The sample technique used consecutive sampling. The sample in this study was 118 Nursing students at Respati University, Yogyakarta The Bivariate test used independent T-test. The results of the study showed that the eye fatigue of students was 92.4%. The relationship test of time, distance, time, and lighting in the use of gadgets with eye fatigue obtained p value more than 0.05. The relationship between the use of eye glasses and eye fatigue was 0.008 (p value &lt; 0.05. There are no significant different between length, distance, time and lighting in gadget use and monitor exposure and eye fatigue. There is a significant different between the used of eye glasses and eye fatigue.

Epidemiological profile of occupational ocular injury in a tertiary eye care centre of North India

Background: Occupational ocular injuries are quite common among industrial and agricultural workers. It is an important cause of preventable vision loss in developing as well as developed countries. The principal objective of our research work was to study epidemiological profile of occupational ocular injuries and use of protective eye wear at workplace in North India.Methods: A prospective, hospital based observational study was conducted on 400 patients of occupational ocular injuries attending emergency services and OPD in Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, India during June 2016 to March 2020.Results: Out of 400 patients of occupational ocular injuries, majority were male (92%) and most common age group affected was 31-40 years (48%) followed by 21-30 years (30%). Most common injured patients were of manufacturing industry (45%) followed by construction site (30%) and agriculture based industry (25%). Metallic foreign body (70%) was found to be the most common cause of occupational ocular injury in 70% cases followed by chemical injury in 10% cases. Ocular injuries were more common in temporary workers (65%) who were not having proper safety training and not using protective devices at workplace.Conclusions: Occupational ocular injuries most commonly affect young productive population leading to temporary or permanent vision loss. Avoidance of protective glasses and lack of basic safety training make them more vulnerable for ocular injuries. Therefore, all workers should be encouraged to adopt basic safety measures and proper safety training should be given to them. It will not only help in reducing the ocular morbidity, but will also enhance the economic productivity.

Prevalence and associated factors of computer vision syndrome among the computer engineering students of Pokhara University affiliated colleges of Kathmandu valley

Background: The increasing use of computers and electronic devices is rapidly increasing the related health issues of computer vision syndrome. Studies have identified longer use of computers, ergonomic practices as lighting condition of room, incorrect distance between eye and computer, refresh rate, use of spectacles were associated with computer vision syndrome (CVS) symptoms as back pain, tension, headache and others. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of CVS among computer engineering students of Pokhara University affiliated colleges of Kathmandu Valley and identify the associated factors and preventive measures being practiced by the students.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out using self-administered questionnaire among 234 undergraduate computer engineering students of Kathmandu Valley. Chi-square test was used to identify the association with computer vision syndrome and its determinants.Results: The prevalence of computer vision syndrome among the computer engineering students was found to be 76.50%. Only 39.3% were found to be using computer in upright with straight back posture and 73.5% were using computer at distance less than or equal to 50 cm. The 81.2% of participants were not following the 20/20/20 rule. During age, use of vision aid lens and use of protective eye glasses and artificial eye drops were found associated with CVS.Conclusions:The study revealed that the prevalence of computer vision syndrome was significantly high. Individuals using vision aid lens were found to be at risk of developing CVS and use of protective eye glass and artificial tears were found protective.

Next-Generation Sequencing of the Ocular Surface Microbiome: In Health, Contact Lens Wear, Diabetes, Trachoma, and Dry Eye.

To assess publications examining the occurrence, composition, and clinical significance of a microbiome at the ocular surface. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched. Reference lists of included articles were also searched for relevant citations. All publications up to June 1, 2019, were analyzed. Eleven articles and 1 abstract were included, analyzing 661 patients. Articles generally report bacteria to the genus level. The presence of DNA associated with diverse bacterial species was reported including pathogenic species, such as Pseudomonas and Neisseria. Bacterial DNA that makes up the microbiome, such as Acinetobacter, Actinomyces, Aquabacterium, Bradyrhizobium, Corynebacterium, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, in other parts of the body was found. The putative ocular microbiome is consistent between right and left eyes and is affected by contact lens use (higher Pseudomonas levels) and blepharitis (higher Staphylococcus levels). There is a significant likelihood that there is at least a transitory ocular surface microbiome, with Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus detected in at least 7 of 11 studies. However, further investigation attempting to control for environmental and methodological contaminants (Aquabacterium and Bradyrhizobium are commonly identified as contaminants in DNA extraction kits) is required. Bacteria, such as Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, capable of causing sight-threatening infections may reside on a healthy ocular surface. With greater understanding, we can establish whether elements of the ocular surface microbiome are harmful or protective (despite their small quantities); furthermore, new therapeutic agents can be identified to treat and prevent ocular surface infection and inflammation.

In vivo Slit Scanning Confocal Microscopic Observation in a Patient with Keratoconus Wearing Miniscleral Contact Lens for One Year: A Case Report

The purpose of the present case report was to evaluate corneal microstructure in a patient with keratoconus wearing miniscleral contact lens (MS CL) for 1 year. A 38 years old patient diagnosed with stage III keratoconus in right eye and corneal graft (penetrating keratoplasty) in left eye was referred to optometry department of a public hospital in Malaysia. Based on the MS CLs fitting performance on the patient’s eye, MS CLs were prescribed in both eyes. However, patient opted for MS CL only in the right eye. In vivo slit scanning confocal microscopy was performed at baseline and after 1 year of contact lens wear in right eye. Qualitative analysis was done using a grading scale designed by Hollingsworth et al. (2005a), while quantitative analysis was performed using NAVIS software in a fixed frame of 0.06 mm². After 1 year of MS CL wear, qualitative observation of right cornea showed no change in stromal haze and architecture of nerve fibers. However, morphological alterations like dark bands were observed both in anterior and posterior stroma along with tendency of clustering keratocyte nuclei in posterior stroma. Quantitative analysis showed that anterior and posterior stroma keratocyte density and endothelium cell density were relatively low after 1 year of MS CL wear (817.3, 667.2, and 2577 cells/mm², respectively) caompared to baseline observation (850.7, 705.0, and 2666 cells/mm², respectively). Mean cell area of anterior stroma, posterior stroma and endothelium were also different in post MS CL wear. Polymegathism and pleomorphism calculated by NAVIS software were varied after 1 year (49.6% and 37.5%, respectively) compared to baseline (67.1% and 29.6%, respectively). In the discussed case, noticeable changes were observed in corneal microstructure after 1 year of MS CL wear. Thereby, in conclusion we recommend future studies with more number of keratoconic eyes wearing MS CLs to emphasize the findings on microstructural changes in keratoconic cornea wearing MS CLs.

An Exploratory Study of Team Perceptions of Trust and Distrust in a Contract Negotiation Setting

External team communication effects on team perceptions of trust and distrust were analyzed in a qualitative study of military outsourcing teams. This study examined the development of trust and distrust based on collective team members’ reactions to different communication scenarios. This inter-team study found support for Ancona and Caldwell’s (1992) typology of communication behaviors— Ambassador, Task Coordinator, and Scouting—associated with perceptions of trust. Research also supported a new type of external group communication pattern that we have classified as Dramatic Spectacle. Academic and practical implications of these findings in investigating and managing team-based designs are discussed.

Evaluation of Infection Control Measures of Iraqi Dentists in Dental Practices

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of Iraqidentists in Al-Najaf City regarding infection control measures.Materials and Method: A questionnaire was designed to obtain information about procedures used forthe prevention of cross infection in dental practices. The study population included all dentists in Al-NajafCity, Iraq, in September 2019 (n=500) to whom the questionnaires were distributed. The questionnairewas designed to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of infectioncontrol procedures, cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment,immunization, prevention and handling of occupational hazards, and antisepsis.Results: From the 500 dentists to whom the questionnaires were submitted, 372 participated in the study(overall response rate 74.4%). Half of the dentists (50%) expressed concern about risks of infectiontransmitted in dental practices. The rate of vaccination against hepatitis B was good among dentists (76%).Iraqi practitioners widely apply certain basic infection control measures, such as hand washing (85%) andwearing gloves (90%) and face masks (84%), but poorly address other important issues, such as examiningmedical history records (65%), wearing protective eye wear (41%) and disposable gowns for surgery (30%),and using rubber dam (18%), preoperative mouth rinses (25%) and puncture-resistant containers (34%).Conclusions: The knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Iraqi dentists about infection control measures arerelatively weak. Improved compliance with recommended infection control measures is required for alldentists. Continuing education programs and short courses/workshops about cross infection and infectioncontrol measures are important to improve the knowledge, awareness, attitude, and behavior of Iraqi dentists.

Vergence Eye Movements: From Basic Science to Clinical Application - Foreword to the Special Issue.

The abstract book of the last European Conference on Eye Movements [1] lists abstracts of 373 presentations, but less than five percent investigate vergence eye movements, i.e. the coordination of the right and left eye. Why then a special issue on this neglected issue? Human vision under natural conditions involves both eyes in coordination controlled by interacting processes subsumed under the concept of vergence.. Further, vergence is important for people in their daily lives since disorders of vergence can have serious consequences: ophthalmologists deal with squinting patients on the basis of heterophoria and heterotropia testing, eye strain or visual complaints can be related to impaired vergence dynamic or less accurate static vergence, remediation by optometrist includes vergence training or prism eye glasses, etc.

Associations between visual-related quality of life and monocular or binocular quick contrast sensitivity function in early cataract patients

Objective To assess the association between visual-related quality of life (QOL) and the severity of quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) defects in patients with early cataract. Methods A cross section design was performed.Ninety-two eyes of 46 patients with early cataract were enrolled in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from March to June in 2017.All subjects completed the Chinese version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). The qCSF measurements were performed monocularly and binocularly while the patients wearing full spectacle correction spectacles.Rasch analysis was performed to obtain final NEI VFQ-25 scores.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)(LogMAR) was measured and the eye with the better or the worse visual acuity was defined accordingly.The correlation between the Rasch calibrated QOL composite scores and the qCSF measurements of the better eye, the worse eye and binoculus, including the area under Log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF), qCSF under cut-off frequency and 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 18.0 c/d were analyzed.This study protocol was approved by the Ethic Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center.This study complied with Declaration of Helsinki. Results The Rasch calibrated QOL composite score was 64.13±4.76.Significant negative correlations were found between composite scores of QOL and the BCVA of both the better or worse eye(the better eye: r=-0.386, P=0.008; the worse eye: r=-0.413, P=0.004). Significant positive correlations were found between the composite scores of QOL and the AULCSF of binoculus, the better and worse eye (binoculus: r=0.531, P<0.001; the better eye: r=0.524, P<0.001; the worse eye: r=0.711, P<0.001); Significant positive correlations were found between the composite scores of QOL and the qCSF under cut-off of binoculus, the better and worse eye (binoculus: r=0.504; the better eye: r=0.419; the worse eye: r=0.694, P<0.01). The composite scores of QOL was positively correlated with the qCSF under 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 c/d of binoculus, the better and worse eye (binoculus: r=0.444, 0.544, 0.545, 0.493; all at P<0.05; the better eye: r=0.374, 0.506, 0.530, 0.431; all at P<0.05; the worse eye: r=0.513, 0.679, 0.710, 0.558; all at P<0.05). The composite scores of QOL was positively correlated with the qCSF under 1.0, 18.0 c/d of binoculus and the worse eye (1.0 c/d: r=0.296, 0.292; both at P<0.05; 18.0 c/d: r=0.386, 0.321; both at P<0.05). Conclusions The qCSF measurements can reflect visual function of patients with early cataract at different spatial frequencies.The qCSF measurements of binoculus, the better eye and the worse eye show significant correlations with the composite scores of QOL.The QOL of early cataract patients shows a strong dependency on the worse eye. Key words: Quick Contrast Sensitivity Function; Quality of life; Cataract

Beyond the spectacle of property windfalls in Singapore: Lefebvrian spaces of home against profit‐making

In Singapore, owners of private housing estates reaping windfalls through collective sales have been subject to the news media's sensational coverage of the topic. While collective sales will give rise to new developments that regenerate the country's landscape to reflect the image and identity of an entrepreneurial city, efforts to resist this wealth generating urbanism are subject to erasure. Instances of minority owners disinterested in profit‐making using the courts to save their homes from the collective sale juggernaut are certainly emblematic of the inherent tension between one's home as housing and home as investment repository. Drawing upon ethnographical experiences from a housing estate built for public officials in Singapore, this article's use of the Lefebvrian theory of spatial production sheds light on how minority owners unmotivated by monetary windfalls (re)produce spaces of their homes that are overtly inimical to the impulses of majority owners to monetize their homes at high premiums.

Science on show: Exploring science, performance and spectacle

Science on show: Exploring science, performance and spectacle

Success, Fame and Independent Art in Contemporary Art

Günümüz sanat ortamında başarı miti ünlü olmak mefhumu ile sarmallanmış bir konumdadır. Söz konusu bu sarmallanma neoliberal kapitalizmin doğasının yansımasıdır. Neoliberal kapitalizm, girişimci özgür bireyler olarak sanatçılar için giderek tüketimden bağımsızlaşan ve daha fazla üretme gerçekliğini dayatan piyasa koşulları altında, özellikle de rekabetçi ortamın da katkılarıyla başarı kavramının içeriğini, gen yapısını değiştirmiştir. Özellikle günümüz teknoloji ve sosyal medya ortamı düşünüldüğünde Andy Warhol’un 1960’larda sarf ettiği “Bir gün herkes 15 dakikalığına ünlü olacak” sözü karşılığını bulur niteliktedir. Paylaşım ağının genişlemesi, aynı anda yüzbinlerce insanın bir arada olabilme ihtimali/gerçekliği üretimin fazlalılığı karşısında nitelik kavramını bir anda niceliğe çevirmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Theodor W. Adorno ve Max Horkheimer’ın Batı Kültürü ve Aydınlanma eleştirileri olarak kaleme aldıkları Kültür Endüstirisi ve Guy Debord’un Gösteri Toplumu gibi kavramsallaştırmaları günümüz kültürel koşullarının öncü okumaları olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar. Diğer taraftan günümüz sanat piyasası koşullarını belirleyen bu problematiklerin karşısında yer almak ve piyasanın dışında kalarak eleştirel bir tutumla ayrı bir stratejik konum ve yer edinmek ilk bakışta olası görünmekle beraber çelişik bir konumu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu bu yaklaşımlar ışığında başarı ve ona sarmallanmış ün mefhumlarına değinilecek, bu koşulları oluşturan etmenler günümüz sanatı bağlamında tartışılacak, bağımsız sanat/sanatçının neliği irdelenecektir.

Compliance to spectacle use in children with refractive errors- a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPrimary objective of this review was to measure compliance with spectacle use in children with refractive errors. Secondary objective was to understand the reasons for non-compliance.MethodsThe databases searched were Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL and Pubmed. All studies up to March, 2018 were included. The search terms were- ((((((Compliance [Title/]) OR Adherence [Title/]) OR Compliant [Title/]) OR Adherent [Title/])) AND (((Spectacle [Title/]) OR Spectacles [Title/]) OR Eye Glasses [Title/])) AND ((((Child [Title/]) OR Children [Title/]) OR Adolescent [Title/]) OR Adolescents [Title/]). Two researchers independently searched the databases and initial screening obtained 33 articles. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for conducting and writing the systematic review. Two reviewers assessed data quality independently using the Quality Assessment tool for systematic reviews of observational studies (QATSO). Poor quality studies were those, which had a score of less than 33% on the QATSO tool. Sensitivity analysis was done to determine if poor quality studies effected compliance. Galbraith plot was used to investigate statistical heterogeneity amongst studies. A random effects model was used to pool compliance.ResultsTwenty-three studies were included in the review, of which 20 were included in the quantitative analysis. All the studies were cross sectional. The overall compliance with spectacle use was 40.14% (95% CI- 32.78-47.50). The compliance varied from 9.84% (95% CI = 2.36–17.31) to 78.57% (95% CI = 68.96–88.18). The compliance derived in sensitivity analysis was 40.09%. Reasons for non-compliance were broken/lost spectacles, forgetfulness, and parental disapproval.ConclusionAppropriate remedial measures such as health education and strengthening vision care services will be required to address poor compliance with spectacle use among children.

Effects of yogic eye exercises for myopia among students

Objective: To find the effectiveness of yogic eye exercises for myopia and to find whether there is reduction in eye power of individuals after sessions of yoga. Methodology: A randomized control trial was conducted. Ninety-six participants diagnosed as myopia by ophthalmologist were included in the study. Qualifying individuals were assigned into two groups using simple random sampling. Group A (n = 48) received yogic eye exercises with three sets of 10 repetitions, 5 days a week for 4 weeks, and continued with their use of spectacles as advised by the ophthalmologist. Group B (n = 48) was a control group that did not receive any exercises and continued with their use of spectacles as advised by the ophthalmologist. Pretreatment and posttreatment refractive power was taken with automated refractor as an outcome measure. Results: In the study group, the pretreatment right eye refractive power was −1.48 which reduced to −1.45, while in the left eye, it reduced from 1.58 to 1.53. Individuals in Group A showed meager improvement, but it was not statistically significant. In the control group, the power of −1.12 in the right eye and −1.21 in the left eye remained the same. Conclusion: This study concludes that there was change in refractive power in the experimental group after intervention of yogic eye exercises. This suggests that there are clinical benefits of yoga in treating individuals with myopia.

Screening for Eye Diseases &amp; Refractive Errors in District Jail Inmates, Lahore

&#x0D; Background: Refractive errors and eye diseases are the main core issues in the jail inmates in Pakistan and especially in Punjab province but with best efforts the ophthalmic disorders can be controlled with the help of better screening process for refractive errors, presbyopia, low vision and the general ophthalmic disorders that are found among the jail inmates. The over burden of these ailments can be minimized following a comprehensive screening methods time to time using slandered guidelines approved by WHO.&#x0D; Methodology: A plan was executed for basic necessary screening process to find out the ophthalmic diseases and vision problems. A team of ophthalmologist, optometrists and ophthalmic technicians visited inmates in the jail who presented with any eye problem in this 1-day screening. Auto refraction and manual retinoscopy was done. Visual cut off point was 6/12. Ophthalmic eye medication and glasses (spectacles) was provided free of cost.&#x0D; Results: a total of 270 inmates were examined in the eye camp. The study showed prevalence of refractive errors 4% with a significant high ratio of presbyopia 34% as 79%of inmates were more than 40 year of age. Prevalence of other main eye disease was: conjunctivitis 3%, glaucoma 1% and cataract 2%.&#x0D; Conclusions: There is an urgent need to look into matter of presence the eye diseases and refractive errors found among jail inmates as they fall in the category of marginalized community and the health care provided with ease has no provision the general eye health care. So it is an important issue to lodge a comprehensive effective initiative for the provision of that need mentioned above and a training program for the medical staff of jail hospitals to screen out this community for effective screening knowledge in Primary Eye care.

Multichannel Delivery in Healthcare: The Impact of Telemedicine Centers in Southern India

Telemedicine is increasingly used across the developing world to expand access to healthcare, to improve outcomes and to reduce costs. However, the impact of telemedicine in these settings – particularly on existing physical healthcare delivery channels – has not been thoroughly examined. We use data from one of the largest tele-ophthalmology implementations in the world to examine this issue. Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach on a dataset of more than 4.8 million visits over almost a decade (Jan 2006–May 2015), we find that telemedicine centers generate a 31% increase in the overall network visit rate, of which 62% comprise new patients, suggesting a substantial increase in access. We also find a 5.1% reduction in hospital visit rates suggesting that some patients substitute hospital visits with telemedicine center visits. We find substantial heterogeneity in the impact of treatment depending on the clinical complexity of patient needs. The rate of eye glasses prescriptions to correct for simple refractive errors increases by 18.5% but the rate of cataract surgery to replace the natural lens in a patient's eye with an artificial lens remains unchanged. The increase in access and treatment rates does not significantly impact the direct costs incurred by patients but reduces their indirect costs (measured as the average distance travelled to care) by 30% (12km). Finally, we find significant spatial heterogeneity in these effects depending on the relative distance of a patient's location from the telemedicine center as well as from the hospital. These results have important implications for the design of telemedicine networks and the portfolio of healthcare services provided through them.

A breathtaking spectacle

A breathtaking spectacle

Romance del Peregrino: motor de la acción y detonante del trágico final del drama romántico Alfredo de Joaquín Francisco Pacheco

espanoliguiendo la breve senda del Romanticismo teatral espanol inaugurada con La conjuracion de Venecia, ano de 1310 de Martinez de la Rosa, el Macias de Larra y Don Alvaro o la fuerza del sino del duque de Rivas; el ilustre Joaquin Francisco Pacheco presenta ante el publico su tragedia Alfredo. Si bien el drama no alcanzo el reconocimiento de sus predecesores, el autor demuestra su maestria escenica disponiendo de la musica como un elemento fundamental dentro de la espectacularidad global de la pieza y del decurso dramatico. Pacheco ubica perfectamente las dos intervenciones del Romance del peregrino en el conjunto del drama consiguiendo que una misma pieza musical potencie la dramaturgia en direcciones opuestas EnglishFollowing the brief history of Spanish theatrical Romanticism inaugurated with La conjuracion de Venecia, ano de 1310 by Martinez de la Rosa, Macias by Larra and Don Alvaro o la fuerza del sino by duque de Rivas; the illustrious Joaquin Francisco Pacheco presents his tragedy Alfredo to the public. Although the drama never reached the recognition of its predecessors, the author demonstrates his scenic mastery by drawing on music as a fundamental element within the overall spectacle of the piece and the dramatic discourse. Pacheco perfectly places the two interventions of the Romance del peregrino in the drama, such that the same musical piece can drive the drama in opposite directions

Extending Human Vision to Infrared and Ultraviolet Light: A Study Using Micro-Particles and Fluorescent Molecules

In this study, rare earth doped infrared (IR) to visible, up-converting particles along-with efficient ultraviolet (UV) to visible fluorescent molecules were imbedded in proteins and were used as a mean for increasing the human vision range to infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths. Stilbene-420 fluorescent molecules which convert near UV light to blue light, were chosen for the strong overlap of their fluorescence emission with the sensitivity region of blue cone cells and for the ability of blue light to increase the regeneration of bleached visual pigments. Our data show that the up-conversion efficiency of the IR up-converting particles and blue fluorescing molecules efficiencies remained unchanged when these material are imbedded in proteins compared to their efficiencies in water solutions. Addition of up-converting particles to rod visual cells resulted in the bleaching of the visual pigments, rods, when irradiated with infrared light (980 nm) whereas no bleaching was observed, under the same conditions, without the presence of up-converting particles. This suggests that the up-converted green light induced visual process in the rod visual pigments. In addition, we describe the design and present data of a novel optical device, which can be used as eye glasses, utilizing up-converting particles that allows the wearer to see rather intense infrared light.