Specific Rate Research Articles

A covalently bonded, LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase for Li metal batteries with superior low-temperature performance

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer plays a critical role in determining the performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we show that treating Li foils with 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanol (PFPO) results in the formation of a novel LiF-rich organic/inorganic SEI layer (designated as LiF-PO) that enhances the performance of LMBs. Compared to the native SEI layer that is electrochemically formed in LMBs, the LiF-PO SEI layer is mechanically robust, adopts a compact structure, and exhibits high Li+ conductivity. These features enable Li//Li symmetric cells to exhibit superior performance metrics, even at low temperatures, including inhibited Li dendrite growth, reduced polarization voltage, and elongated cycling lifetime. Moreover, compared to lithium–sulfur cells prepared using bare Li foils, the cells prepared using PFPO-treated Li foils also exhibit markedly improved performance at low temperatures in terms of specific capacity (796 mA h g−1 vs. 559 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and −20 °C), rate capability (519 mA h g−1 vs. 222 mA h g−1 at 3 C and 0 °C), and cycling stability (504 mA h g−1 vs. 253 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C after 100 cycles at −20 °C). The lessons learned from our study establish new principles for designing high-performance SEI layers and may be extended to other types of metal batteries.

CRISPR/Cas13a-mediated visual detection: A rapid and robust method for early detection of Nosema bombycis in silkworms

The sericulture industry faces a significant threat from the Pebrine disease of silkworms, caused by Nosema bombycis. Nonetheless, the current microscopic diagnostic methods can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and lacking sensitivity and accuracy. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a novel detection approach that is efficient, highly sensitive, and low-cost. In this regard, the CRISPR/Cas system has the potential to be a fast, accurate, and highly specific method of detection. Herein, using a microplate reader, a portable fluorescence detection device, and test strips as signal output tools respectively, we have efficiently developed three rapid and facile visual detection methods for N. bombycis using a CRISPR/Cas13a system with conjugation of Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). We evaluated the sensitivity of this combined technology by comparing it with the positive plasmid standard and the genome standard of N. bombycis. Remarkably, the sensitivity of the CRISPR/Cas13a system for N. bombycis positive plasmid standard based on the microplate reader, portable fluorescence detection device, and test strips was 1 copy/μL, 10 copies/μL, and 1 copy/μL, respectively, while for the N. bombycis genome standards, the detection sensitivity was 10 fg/μL, 10 fg/μL, and 1 fg/μL, respectively. In addition, extensive evaluations have demonstrated that the established technology can accurately detect N. bombycis without cross-reactivity with other pathogens, ensuring a specificity rate of 100%. In brief, this study will provide a practical, efficient, and affordable method for early and rapid detection of N. bombycis in various settings.

Prognostic Significance of Cribriform Architecture of Pattern 4 Prostatic Adenocarcinomas

Objective: Among prostate cancer patients, the Gleason score is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine whether cribriform architecture in prostate cancer patients without a history of treatment was related to prognosis in patients with Gleason pattern 4 of prostate cancer.  Material and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study included (n=450) consecutive prostate biopsy specimens between June 2014 and May 2015, out of which (n=237) had pattern 4 prostate adenocarcinoma. Demographic, clinical, and follow-up details were obtained. Patients (n = 86) with a treatment history were excluded from the study.  Results: Univariate Cox regression analysis of diagnostic biopsies from (n=151) patients with pattern 4 of prostate cancer who had been followed for an average of 70.3 months demonstrated that the cribriform architecture of prostate cancer with pattern 4 was independently associated with poorer disease-specific survival in biopsies with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 0.9-10.6, and P value of <0.001.  Conclusion: It is concluded that a cribriform architecture of prostate cancer in biopsies with pattern 4 adenocarcinoma is associated with a lower disease- specific survival rate. Therefore, it is essential to report the presence and percentage of cribriform architecture in patients with pattern 4 prostate cancer.

Biochemical and microbial characterization of a forest litter-based bio-fertilizer produced in batch culture by fermentation under different initial oxygen concentrations.

This work focused on the physico-chemical, biochemical and microbiological characterization of a new organic fertilizer based on fermented forest litter (FFL) mixed with agro-industrial by-products, on the culture realized in airtight glass bottle. Under strict anaerobiosis (0% initial oxygen concentration (IOC)), after a 16-day batch culture, the bottle-headspace analysis showed that the specific CO2 production rate was low (0.014 mL/h.g dry matter) compared to those reached under aerobic conditions (e.g. 0.464 mL/h.g dm at 21% IOC). Moreover, the culture displayed a slight fermented fruity odour, mainly due to ethanol and ethyl acetate detected in the headspace (335 µL and 58.6 µL accumulated, respectively). The FFL organic matter degradation followed by infrared spectroscopy and catabolic potential and diversity characterized by BIOLOG® EcoPlates were poor and pH dropped to 4.54. The microbiome's metabolism was oriented toward lactic fermentation with medium acidification, enrichment in lactic acid bacteria (LAB), depletion in fungi and absence of pathogens. By increasing IOC from 0 to 21%, the respirometric activity, and the catabolic potential and diversity increased. However, some enterobacteria were detected above 5% IOC. Ethanol and ethyl acetate decreased strongly with IOC, and aromatics and proteins contained in the solid matrix remained in the culture. This study showed the importance of oxygen on the final product. A 2% IOC was found to ensure an optimal balance between LAB development, preservation of functional catabolic diversity and bio-product free of microbial pathogens.

Ozonation of Popcorn Kernels: Saturation Kinetics at Different Specific Flow Rates, Control of Aspergillus flavus Infection, and Grain Quality Analysis.

Ozone gas (O3) is a promising alternative for fungal inactivation in agricultural commodities. This study aimed to (i) investigate the influence of airflow on the saturation of popcorn kernels with ozone gas, (ii) evaluate its effectiveness in controlling Aspergillus flavus, and (iii) analyze the quality of ozonated grains. Samples of 3.0 kg of kernels were exposed to oxygen (control) or ozone at specific flow rates of 0.15 or 1.00 m3 min-1 t-1, with an input ozone concentration of 16.0 mg L-1 for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, or 48 h. Quality parameters assessed included expansion volume, water content, electrical conductivity, and color. At 0.15 m3 min-1 t-1, ozone consumption and saturation time were lower, with an 80% reduction in A. flavus infection after 6 h. This flow rate did not affect grain expansion or water content. Conversely, at 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1, reductions in water content and expansion were observed with extended exposure. Electrical conductivity increased in both treatments, more significantly at the lower flow rate. In conclusion, ozonation at 0.15 m3 min-1 t-1 effectively inactivated A. flavus without compromising grain quality.

Automatic detection of epileptic seizure based on one dimensional cascaded convolutional autoencoder with adaptive window-thresholding.

Identifying the Seizure Occurrence Period (SOP) in extended EEG recordings is crucial for neurologists to diagnose seizures effectively. However, many existing computer-aided diagnosis systems (CADs) for Epileptic Seizure Detection (ESD) primarily focus on distinguishing between ictal and interictal states in EEG recordings. This focus has limited their application in clinical settings, as these systems typically rely on super vised learning approaches that require labeled data. To address this, our study introduces an unsupervised learning framework for ESD using a 1D-Cascaded Convolutional Autoencoder (1D-CasCAE). In this approach, EEG recordings from selected patients in the CHB-MIT datasets are first segmented into 5-second epochs. Eight informative channels are chosen based on the correlation coefficient and Shannon entropy. The 1D-CasCAE is designed to autonomously learn the characteristic patterns of interictal (non-seizure) segments through downsampling and upsampling processes. The integration of adaptive thresholding and a moving window significantly enhances the model's robustness, enabling it to accurately identify ictal segments in long EEG recordings. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed 1D-CasCAE effectively learns normal EEG signal patterns and efficiently detects anomalies (ictal segments) using reconstruction error. When compared with other leading methods in anomaly detection, our model exhibits superior performance, as evidenced by its average Gmean, sensitivity, specificity, preci sion, and false positive rate scores of 98.00±3.51%, 94.94±6.92%, 99.60±0.30%, 79.92±13.56% and 0.0044±0.0030/h of a typical patient in CHB-MIT datasets. Finally, the developed model framework can be employed in clinical settings, replacing the manual inspection process of EEG signals by neurologists. This automated system can adapt to each patient's SOP through the use of variable time windows for seizure detection.

Assessment of different energy-based breakage distribution functions in population balance model of an industrial scale continuously operated wet stirred media mill

This study aimed at assessing various energy-based breakage distribution functions Bij within the context of a population balance model (PBM) of copper ore milling in a wet stirred media mill (WSMM). First, drop weight impact tests were performed to determine the size distribution parameters, tn. Second, various tn models called tn-fitted and tn-regenerated approaches were used to fit experimental tn, and their goodness-of-fits were compared. They were then used to construct the matrices of the cumulative breakage distributions, Bij, of the PBM, while a power-law form of the specific breakage rate function, Si, was assumed. By fitting the PBM to the product particle size distributions (PSDs) obtained under various rotor speeds, suspension volumetric flow rate, and solids content, we estimated the Si parameters. Results suggest that except the Napier-Munn model, all tn models fitted the experimental drop weight data reasonably well, which was reflected in the PBM fitting of the product PSDs. The PBM fits with Bij constructed with the tn-regenerated approach were more accurate than those with the tn-fitted approach. The PBM was validated with additional tests that were not considered in the parameter estimation. Overall, we have established that the choice of tn function and the methodology to determine Bij can affect the PBM predictions of the WSMM process significantly.

Does Exchange Rate Undervaluation Have a Symmetric or Asymme-tric Effect on Economic Growth?

This paper investigates the asymmetric pass-through of real exchange rate undervaluation (Underval) on economic growth. The study using the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) and non-linear autoregressive distributed lagged (NARDL) models reveals the complex and asymmetric effects of Underval on economic growth across different economies for the period 1984-2022. In developing countries, particularly those with floating exchange rate regimes, undervaluation can enhance economic performance by boosting exports and attracting foreign investment. However, in developing countries with fixed exchange rate regimes, undervaluation poses significant challenges and can lead to negative economic outcomes due to the rigidity and financial burdens associated with maintaining a fixed exchange rate. Conversely, developed countries and emerging markets exhibit a more muted response to underval, reflecting their greater economic stability and resilience. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring exchange rate policies to each country's specific economic context and exchange rate regime to optimize their impact on economic growth.

Diagnosing tracer transport in convective penetration of a stably stratified layer

We use large-eddy simulations to study the penetration of a buoyant plume carrying a passive tracer into a stably stratified layer with constant buoyancy frequency. Using a buoyancy-tracer volume distribution, we develop a method for objectively partitioning plume fluid in buoyancy-tracer space into three regions, each of which corresponds to a coherent region in physical space. Specifically, we identify a source region where undiluted plume fluid enters the stratified layer, a transport region where much of the transition from undiluted to mixed fluid occurs in the plume cap and an accumulation region corresponding to a radially spreading intrusion. This method enables quantification of different measures of turbulence and mixing within each of the three regions, including potential energy and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates, an activity parameter and the instantaneous mixing efficiency. We find that the most intense buoyancy gradients lie in a thin layer at the cap of the penetrating plume. This provides the primary stage of mixing between plume and environment and exhibits a mixing efficiency around 50 %. Newly generated mixtures of environmental and plume fluid join the intrusion and experience relatively weak turbulence and buoyancy gradients. As the intrusion spreads radially, environmental fluid surrounding the intrusion is mixed into the intrusion with moderate mixing efficiency. This dominates the volume of environmental fluid entrained into the region containing plume fluid. However, the ‘strongest’ entrainment, as measured by the specific entrainment rate, is largest in the plume cap, where the most buoyant environmental fluid is entrained.

Neutron spectrometry of a 241Americium-Boron neutron source using the NCT-WES single-moderator neutron spectrometer

241Americium-boron (α,n) neutron sources have been produced for various application from nuclear industry to well logging or radiation protection. Compared to 241Americium–beryllium sources their specific emission rate is lower, but their spectrum is narrower, and their production cycle uses boron, which is less toxic than beryllium. Very few data are available in literature about the energy distribution of this neutron source: the 2001 version of Standard ISO 8529-1 reported a reference spectrum derived from 1970s data, exhibiting a single peak from about 1 to 6 MeV. Other spectra are available in recent works from PTB and NPL, based on high-resolution spectrometers and Bonner spheres. ENEA Frascati owns a 241Am-B neutron source with nominal emission rate 3.5 × 106 s−1. Knowing its spectrum is important, as this source is used to feed the HOTNES (Homogeneous Thermal Neutron Source) facility. A spectrometry experiment was organized relying on the recently developed NCT-WES neutron spectrometer. Belonging to the family of the Single Moderator Neutron Spectrometers, NCT-WES is a convenient alternative to Bonner spheres as it derives the whole spectrum from a single exposure. The experimental data were elaborated in comparison with the existing literature spectra. As a main results of the study, the spectrum of the ENEA 241Am-B neutron source nearly perfectly agrees with that derived at NPL.

Reclassification of urinary cytology according to The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology correlation with histological diagnosis.

The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) was designed to provide precise diagnostic criteria when evaluating urine cytology and standardize the terminology used in reporting. In our study, we have aimed to determine the effect of TPS on the diagnostic performance of urine cytology, its impact on establishing appropriate risk stratification, and its effectiveness in the diagnosis and follow-up of the patients. We re-evaluated 200 liquid-based urine cytologies with available histologic diagnoses reported between 2015 and 2021 according to TPS criteria and compared them with the original cytological diagnoses. Area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of both methods were calculated and statistically analyzed to determine the diagnostic performance of the original reporting and TPS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, negative predictive and diagnostic accuracy rates of TPS were 60%, 99.3%, 97.2%, 97.2%, 85.7% and 87.2%, respectively. The malignancy risks for negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma atypical urothelial cells, suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) according to TPS criteria were 3.5%, 20.9%, 60.8%, 97.2%, respectively. In the original reporting, the corresponding risks were 13.4%, 15%, 52%,100%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between diagnostic criteria of original cytology and TPS (p=0.001). When the original reporting was compared with the TPS, the discriminative power of TPS in the diagnosis of HGUC was significantly higher (p<0.001). The use of TPS provided a more accurate risk stratification of patients. The diagnostic performance of urine cytology was improved, especially for HGUC.

Effect of Tungsten Doping on the Properties of Titanium Dioxide Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Tungsten-doped TiO2 thin films were prepared by sol–gel method on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated substrates as working electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells. The influences of different W doping (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 at%) on the microstructure, optical, and photovoltaic properties of the W-TiO2 thin-film DSSCs were studied by the measurement of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). An optimal DSSCs performance was observed with a 6 at% W-doped TiO2 thin film, resulting in a Voc of 0.68 V, a Jsc of 20.2 mA/cm2, an FF of 68.6%, and an efficiency (η) of 9.42%. The efficiency of DSSCs with 6 at% W-doped TiO2 photoanode improved by 75%. This is because the 6 at% W-doped TiO2 thin film increases the specific surface area and electron transfer rate.

A highly capacitive Graphene/Multiholed N‐CNTs hybrid evolved from black humate‐Co‐melamine precursor

Black humic acid (BA) is a black mixture of organic macromolecules isolated from humic acid, which has a greater potential for graphene transformation than fulvic acid and ulmic acid because of more and larger aromatic units and higher molecular weights exceeding 5000 Dalton. Here, chemically bonded BA‐Co‐Melamine precursors are initially constructed using different BA fractions as substrate, Co2+ as bridge bond and melamine as ligand. A series of Graphene/N‐CNTs hybrids (GNCs) is eventually synthesized after the precursor pyrolysis. Resultantly, Fraction Ⅰ, separated at a pH value of 4.16, plays a significant role on constructing the BA‐Co‐Melamine precursor and further producing multiholed GNCs. Due to abundant CNTs, rich mesopores, moderate nitrogen incorporation and a certain graphitized assembly structure, the prepared GNC‐Ⅰ‐b has high capacitance performances. The assembled AC//GNC‐Ⅰ‐b supercapacitor has high specific capacitance (147 F g‐1 at 0.5 A g‐1), rate capability, cycling stability and energy density (16.8 Wh kg‐1 at 14.4 KW kg‐1). The 2032 coin‐type Li//GNC‐Ⅰ‐b half‐cell has high initial discharge capacity (759 mAh g‐1 at 0.03 A g‐1), initial Coulombic efficiency (81.8%), rate performance and cycling stability. Hence, the GNC is a favorable high‐performance carbon material hopefully applied as electrode materials of supercapacitors and LIBs.

Tribological performances of polymeric plain bearings made of epoxy matrix with UHMWPE, MoS2, Kevlar and base oil as the fillers

Thermal, mechanical and tribological performances of epoxy-based composites, filled with UHMWPE, MoS2 and KevlarTM or base oil in different proportions, were investigated. Friction coefficient and specific wear rate were examined by a block-on-cylinder tribotester in a dry sliding condition under variable contact pressure and sliding velocities. It was found that the composite with in-situ base oil possesses the lowest coefficient of friction (0.056) and highest wear resistance (5.77 × 10−6 mm3/Nm) at relatively high PV factor (product of contact pressure and sliding velocity) of 37 MPa-m/s when compared to other composites. Kevlar-filled composite provided low wear rate at very high PV factor of 52.5 MPa-m/s.

Wear micromechanics, mechanisms and wear map of Al-12.6Si-0.25Fe-XMn alloy: The role of Al15(Mn,Fe)3Si2 intermetallic and microstructure modification

Abstract The study investigates the microstructural evolution and wear behaviour of Al-12.6Si-0.25Fe-xMn alloys (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt.%) in dry sliding wear experiments. Manganese (Mn) considerably modifies the microstructure by modifying primary and eutectic silicon particles, changing Fe-rich intermetallic compounds, and increasing the overall wear resistance of Al-12.6Si-0.25Fe. The microstructural investigation demonstrates the production of Al15(Mn,Fe)3Si2 intermetallic phases, as well as a more uniform Si particle distribution. Wear experiments at varied loads (20 N, 40 N, and 60 N) show that Mn addition significantly reduces wear rates and specific wear rates, especially at lower loads. The findings highlight Mn's significance in increasing the hardness and wear resistance of Al-Si-Fe alloys, making them better suited to automotive applications.

Investigation of Nitrogen Removal in Flue Gas Desulfurization and Denitrification Wastewater Utilizing Halophilic Activated Sludge.

In the process of flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, the generation of high-sulfate wastewater containing nitrogen is a significant challenge for biological wastewater treatment. In this study, halophilic activated sludge was inoculated in a Sequencing Batch Reactor to remove nitrogen from wastewater with a high sulfate concentration (60 g/L). With the influent concentration of 180 mg/L, the removal rate of total nitrogen was more than 96.7%. The effluent ammonium nitrogen concentration was lower than 1.94 mg/L, and the effluent nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations were even lower than 0.77 mg/L. The salt tolerance of activated sludge is mainly related to the increase in the content of ectoine in microbial cells. The Specific Nitrite Oxidation Rate is quite low, while the Specific Nitrite Reduction Rate and Specific Nitrate Reduction Rate are relatively strong. In the system, there are various nitrogen metabolic processes, including aerobic nitrification, anaerobic denitrification, and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification processes. By analyzing the nitrogen metabolic mechanisms and microbial community structure of the reaction system, dominate bacteria can be identified, such as Azoarcus, Thauera, and Halomonas, which have significant nitrogen removal capabilities.

Enhancing the biodegradation of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds: A study on microbial consortia adaptation and the role of surfactants

The emission of hydrophobic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is a serious environmental issue. Typically, biofilters (BFs) are employed for their treatment, with the potential enhancement of mass transfer through the addition of surfactants. However, disparate results in previous studies have been observed, attributed to uncontrolled conditions during the introduction of surfactants to BFs. Additionally, there has been limited exploration of microbial consortium adaptation to surfactants. To address these gaps, this study followed two approaches. First, the long-term (247 days) removal of cyclohexane was studied in a stirred tank bioreactor (STBR) inoculated with Rhodococcus erythropolys E1 and using Tween 80 at three times the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Second, the short-term (9 days) impact of two (bio)surfactants [Tween 80 (1 × CMC) and Quillaja Saponin (QS, 1 × CMC)] on the removal of cyclohexane, hexane and toluene was investigated in batch tests using three types of inocula: a pure culture of Rhodococcus erythropolys E1 (X0), a microbial consortium adapted to cyclohexane (X1), and a microbial consortium adapted to cyclohexane with Tween 80 (X2). For long-term operation, the addition of Tween 80 at 3 × CMC improved cyclohexane removal efficiency (RE) to 87 ± 1% (elimination capacity, EC = 145 ± 25 mg m−3 h−1, gas residence time, GRT = 20 min, inlet concentration, Cin = 14.9 ± 2.5 ppmv), compared to a RE of 32 ± 9% (EC = 44 ± 8 mg m−3 h−1, GRT = 20 min, Cin = 15.1 ± 0.7 ppmv) under similar conditions without surfactants. For short-term operation, the addition of QS at 1 × CMC significantly increased biomass growth, resulting in lower maximum specific consumption rates for X1 and X2 compared to scenarios without surfactants or 1 × CMC Tween 80. The most abundant genera in X1 and X2 were Paludisphaera (26-23%), 67-14 genus (17–23%), and Rhodococcus (9–18%), respectively.

Hard rock fragmentation by dynamic conical pick indentation under confining pressure

Mechanical mining and excavation in deep metal mines can be regarded as the process of crushing hard rock by conical pick indentation. In this study, a confining pressure loading device was designed and used to carry out dynamic conical pick indentation crushing tests under confining pressure conditions on three types of granite with varying strengths, using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The objective was to quantitatively investigate the effect of confining pressure and rock strength on the indentation crushing characteristics of deep hard rocks. The results indicate that as the confining pressure increases from 5 MPa to 20 MPa, the dimensional parameters such as volume, diameter and depth of the impact groove decrease linearly, while parameters such as the specific energy, indentation force, indentation index and energy utilization rate progressively increase. The increase in the confining pressure inhibits the formation of internal cracks in the rock, enhancing its resistance to pick indentation, which in turn makes rock fragmentation more difficult. This creates unfavorable conditions for efficient rock breaking. Furthermore, rock strength plays a crucial role in the pick indentation process. The higher the rock strength, the greater its resistance to pick indentation, leading to increased energy consumption, accelerated wear of the conical picks, and reduced efficiency in rock breaking.

A core in a star-forming disc as evidence of inside-out growth in the early Universe

AbstractThe physical processes that establish the morphological evolution and the structural diversity of galaxies are key unknowns in extragalactic astrophysics. Here we report the finding of the morphologically mature galaxy JADES-GS+53.18343−27.79097, which existed within the first 700 million years of the Universe’s history. This star-forming galaxy with a stellar mass of 400 million solar masses consists of three components: a highly compact core with a half-light radius of less than 100 pc, an actively star-forming disc with a radius of about 400 pc and a star-forming clump, all of which show distinctive star-formation histories. The central stellar mass density of this galaxy is within a factor of 2 of the most massive present-day ellipticals, while being globally 1,000 times less massive. The radial profile of the specific star-formation rate is rising towards the outskirts. This evidence suggests a detection of the inside-out growth of a galaxy as a proto-bulge and a star-forming disc in the epoch of reionization.

Deep HI Mapping of M 106 Group with FAST

Abstract We used FAST to conduct deep HI imaging of the entire M 106 group region, and have discovered a few new HI filaments and clouds. Three HI clouds/filaments are found in a region connecting DDO 120 and NGC 4288, indicating an interaction between these two galaxies. The HI features in this region suggest that DDO 120 is probably the origin of the HI stream extending from the northern end of NGC 4288 to M 106. This structure is similar to the SMC-LMC stream, but much longer, about 190 kpc. Furthermore, based on the distance measurements, we have determined the satellite galaxy members of M 106. With an absolute magnitude cutoff of MB =-10, we obtained a sample of 11 member satellite galaxies for M 106. Using the observed HI mass with FAST, we studied the properties of satellite galaxies in M 106 and found that satellite galaxies with lower stellar masses exhibit more significant deviations from the star-forming main sequence (SFMS) in their specific star formation rates. Furthermore, the relationship between the HI mass of satellite galaxies and optical diameter generally follows the field galaxies relation. We discuss the possible mechanisms leading to the quenching in the M 106 group based on the new data from FAST.