Specific Features Of Interaction Research Articles

Study of bromelain and carboxymethyl cellulose surface interaction features in the process of their adsorption immobilisation

Adsorption immobilisation is a common approach to stabilise the catalytic activity of enzymes. It involves the attachment of their macromolecules to the surface of a carrier due to weak physical interactions and hydrogen bonds. According to modern concepts, this process is the ‘gentlest’ immobilisation technique in terms of the structure of the enzyme globule. Despite this fact, the activity of the immobilised preparation is often lower compared to the native enzyme. To understand the reasons, it is necessary to study the specific features of interactions within the enzyme-carrier system and to identify the types of interactions occurring between its components. When studying the structure of enzymes, it is critical to determine the nature and qualitative composition of amino acid residues on the surface of the enzyme macromolecule that interact with the carrier. If catalytically important residues are involved in the process, there may be a significant decrease in the enzyme activity. In this regard, the aim of the work was to study the features of interaction between bromelain, which is a cysteine protease, and carboxymethyl cellulose by desorption of the enzyme from the formed complex under different conditions (in the presence of ammonium sulphate or surfactant Triton X-100, including at different temperatures), as well as by flexible molecular docking. The studied substances are promising components for the production of biocatalysts for food or biomedical applications, so the study of their interaction features will expand the applications of bromelain. We determined that incubation of bromelain immobilised on carboxymethyl cellulose in solutions of ammonium sulphate with a concentration of 32 mM or higher and Triton X-100 with a concentration of 100 mM or higher resulted in the destruction of the complex and the desorption of the enzyme. It confirms that non-covalent interactions contribute to the formation of immobilised preparation. When we increased the incubation temperature of the complex above 60 °C, we also observed the release of the enzyme from the preparation, indicating the formation of hydrogen bonds between the enzyme and the carrier. In silico study confirmed the formation of these types of bonds and interactions. It was determined that the amino acid residues forming the active site of bromelain also formed bonds with the carrier.

Interaction of melanoidins, proline, and valine with sorbents of various nature

The isolation of pure amino acids from industrial solutions is one of the important tasks of production. Solutions of amino acids obtained as a result of chemical or microbiological treatment contain a number of impurities, mostly organic ones. The microbiological synthesis of proline is accompanied by the presence of valine, leucine, alanine, and coloured high-molecular components in the culture liquid that belong to the melanoidin group. Melanoidins of proline acid production are high-molecular compounds containing amino acid fragments, heterocyclic structures, and amide bonds. Melanoidins in solutions can exist in cationic, bipolar, and anionic forms. They have different molecular weights, molecular sizes, and isoelectric states. Various ion exchange methods can be used to isolate the target amino acid. It should be noted that the interaction of amino acids with ion-exchange materials is a complex process depending on the electrolytic properties of the sorbate and sorbent and accompanied by multiple side effects. It is necessary to know the specific features of interaction in the “amino acid - sorbent” system and the factors that affect the transport of sorbate ions in the sorbent phase when choosing an isolation method for the target product. The goal of this work was to determine the impact of pH on the sorption process of proline and valine by high-basic ion exchangers, to identify the features of their interactions, and to use the obtained results to optimise the conditions for the separation of amino acids. We studied the process of interaction of bipolar ions and anions of proline (Pro±, Pro-) and valine (Val±, Val-) with anionites AV-17-8 and AV-17-2P. It was established that the mechanism of amino acid ion exchange in granular sorbents depended on the рН value in the “anionite - external solution” system. Based on the studied interactions, we suggested the methods of the anion-exchange separation of proline and valine. The selected conditions of separation of proline and valine were on anionite AV-17-2P in ОН-form (рН of the initial solution was 6.6-6.7; the solution flow rate was 2 cm3/min). The results of separation of proline and valine indicated that even in a one-step sorption process, five to seven fractions with proline contained no valine ions, while the concentration of proline was 2.0-2.7 times higher as compared to the original solution.

Empowering prediction of miRNA–mRNA interactions in species with limited training data through transfer learning

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in mRNA regulation. Identifying functionally important mRNA targets of a specific miRNA is essential for uncovering its biological function and assisting miRNA–based drug development. Datasets of high-throughput direct bona fide miRNA–target interactions (MTIs) exist only for a few model organisms, prompting the need for computational prediction. However, the scarcity of data poses a challenge in training accurate machine learning models for MTI prediction. In this study, we explored the potential of transfer learning technique (with ANN and XGB) to address the limited data challenge by leveraging the similarities in interaction rules between species. Furthermore, we introduced a novel approach called TransferSHAP for estimating the feature importance of transfer learning in tabular dataset tasks. We demonstrated that transfer learning improves MTI prediction accuracy for species with limited datasets and identified the specific interaction features the models employed to transfer information across different species.

Features of intercultural communication of students from different countries when learning a foreign language in universities of the China

Relevance. In the context of education in the modern world, where globalisation has become an integral part of life, the topic of intercultural communication of students from different countries when learning a foreign language in Chinese educational institutions is of particular relevance. This aspect of education is becoming increasingly important, as today students from distinct cultures and nationalities often come together in learning communities, enriching their knowledge and experience through intercultural interactions.Purpose. The purpose of this paper was to examine and analyse the impact of intercultural communication on the learning process of international students in Chinese universities.Methodology. The study used analytical method and systematisation.Results. The study found opportunities for intercultural exchange among students from different countries in Chinese universities when learning a foreign language. As a result of this study, the influence of intercultural communication on the effectiveness of teaching international students was investigated. This study found out how interactions between students from distinct cultures affect their ability to acquire a new language, and what factors facilitate or hinder successful communication. The study also investigated the specific features of interaction between students from distinct cultures and analysed its influence on the adaptation and learning process, which included the study of social adaptation, the influence of cultural stereotypes, as well as interaction with local students and teachers.Conclusions. The results of this study can serve as a basis for a more profound understanding of the needs of international students and the development of teaching methods that consider intercultural aspects.

Overlooked advantages of interactive book reading in early childhood? A systematic review and research agenda

Previous reviews of the nature and consequences of adult-child book reading have focused on seeking impacts of interactive reading on the acquisition of vocabulary and emergent literacy skills. In this systematic review we examined to what extent there has been systematic study of the effects of interactive reading on four less frequently studied developmental outcomes important to children's academic and life prospects: socio-emotional and socio-cognitive (SEL) skills, narrative skills, grammar, and world knowledge. We identified 67 studies of interactive reading that met the inclusion criteria and that examined the targeted outcomes, using either experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, or single-group intervention methods. We found that studies of effects on grammar and world knowledge outcomes were very sparsely represented; though narrative was often studied as an outcome, the wide variation in conceptualizing and assessing the construct hampered any clear conclusion about book-reading effects. The most robust research strand focused on SEL skill outcomes, though here too the outcome assessments varied widely. We speculate that better instrumented approaches to assessing vocabulary and emergent literacy have led to the persistent emphasis on these domains, despite robust evidence of only modest associations, and argue that work to develop sound shared measures of narrative and SEL skills would enable cross-study comparison and the accumulation of findings. In addition, we note that the various studies implicated different explanatory principles for the value of reading with children: specific interactional features (open-ended questions, following the child's lead, expanding child utterances) or content features (emotion-enhanced books, talk about mental states, science topics), raising another topic for more focused study in the future.

Specific features of interaction of nurse in general practice with other specialists

The crisis of a unified infrastructure of the health care system requires a transformation of the provision of medical care by bringing it directly to the patient, to the family, combining the elements of treatment and prevention, medical and social assistance at its level. All over the world, the important role of primary medical and social care (PHC) in protecting the health of the population is recognized, while the main place in the organization of out-of-hospital primary medical care is general medical practice. By actively modifying certain aspects of family life, GPs have the opportunity to make wider use of the possibilities of preventive medicine, in many ways to prevent the onset and development of diseases.

Affiliation, topicality, and Asperger’s

Objective: In storytelling environments, recipients’ questions have mainly been described as non-affiliative. This article examines how the topicality of story-responsive questions relates to the recipients’ displays of affiliation. Furthermore, we investigate whether there are differences between the practices of neurotypical participants (NT) and participants diagnosed with Asperger syndrome (AS) in this regard. While aiming to uncover the practices of story-responsive questions in general, we also seek to shed light on the specific interactional features associated with AS. Method: Our method is qualitative conversation analysis. Drawing on a dataset of Finnish quasi-natural conversations, we compare the interactional consequences of story-responsive questions asked by NT- and AS-participants. Results: We show how the NT-participants in our data use a specific set of practices to manage the topical relevance of their questions, while the AS-participants’ production of otherwise very similar questions differs precisely with reference to these practices. Discussion: We argue that the different ways in which the NT- and AS-participants treat the topicality of their questions influence the relative affiliative import of the questions in subtle, but yet significant ways. Conclusions: The affiliative import of story-responsive questions can only really be seen in retrospect, since, in their subsequent turns, the questioner can cast their action as having prepared the ground for affiliation.

Properties of Langmuir and immobilized layers of betulin diphosphate on aqueous solutions of zinc sulfate and on the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticles

This work examines the specific features of interaction of betulin diphosphate (BDP), exhibiting antitumor and wound-healing properties, with zinc cations during its immobilization on ZnO nanoparticles. The properties of Langmuir and transferred BDP monolayers from an aqueous subphase of zinc sulfate onto the surface of a solid substrate (CaF2, quartz) by the Langmuir—Schaefer method are investigated using IR and UV spectroscopy. It is shown that there is a twofold increase of the molecular area in the immobilized layers, while the compressibility modulus decreases by a factor of 1.5. Zinc oxide nanoparticles with immobilized BDP 10–20 nm in size (surface concentration of BDP is 100 mg g−1) retain the original hexagonal wurtzite structure. The efficiency of betulin diphosphate immobilized on the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticles is demonstrated in in vivo experiments for burn wounds in rats.

Specific Features of Interaction between Criminal Police Divisions and Other Subjects within Counteracting Criminal Offenses against Morality

The author has defined the peculiarities of the interaction of criminal police units with other entities in counteracting criminal offenses against morality, which should help to solve the problem of scientific provision of the activities of law enforcement agencies in this area. Taking into account the set purpose, the specifics of the object and the subject matter of the research, the author has chosen the methodological tools. During the research the author has used the system of methods of scientific cognition: formal logic (abstraction, analogy, deduction, induction, synthesis) for the detailed clarification of the content of the considered issues; empirical – during the experimental study; method of system analysis – to determine the directions of introduction of innovative approaches to solve the problem; theoretical – during the study of scientific and educational literature; modeling – in the study of certain objects by modeling their individual features.
 Based on the analysis of the current practice of law enforcement agencies in combating criminal offenses against morality, the author has defined the current features of the interaction of criminal police units with other entities in this area. Besides, the author has formulated own concept of the interaction of criminal police units with other entities in combating criminal offenses against morality; has provided general characteristics of such entities; and has highlighted some recommendations on the use of their capabilities by operative units of the National Police during the detection, documentation and investigation of these criminal offenses.
 It has been established that criminal police units interact with other entities as part of the National Police. In fact the capabilities of Interpol and Europol are used. Besides, cooperation with other international and non-governmental organizations is envisaged. Certain features of the interaction of criminal police units with other entities in combating criminal offenses against morality can be used by law enforcement officers, as well as scholars in conducting further research in this area.

Sculpting Culture: Early Maternal Responsiveness and Child Emotion Regulation – A UK-Italy Comparison

Mother-infant interactions, including culturally specific features, have been found to predict child socio-emotional development (e.g., social communication and emotion regulation (ER)). However, research is lacking on the specific processes involved. We used a cross-cultural, longitudinal design, and a microanalytic coding approach to address this issue. Fifty-two mother-infant dyads were recruited from the UK ( N = 21) and Italy ( N = 31), representing Northern European and Mediterranean cultures, respectively. While these cultures share core features of parent-child relationships, their values about emotional expressiveness differ. We observed face-to-face mother-infant interactions at 2 months (T1), and coded infant socio-emotional behavior and maternal responses. Children were seen again at 2 years (T2), when their ER in the face of frustration, using the Barrier Task, was assessed, and the occurrence of different “mature” strategies (communicative and autonomous) coded. Results revealed common features of interactions at T1 (infant socio-emotional expressions, and maternal positive responses), but also cultural variation in the frequency of different infant cues (more pre-speech in UK infants, more smiles in Italians), and of maternal responses to them. While greater overall maternal responsiveness at T1 predicted more mature ER in general at T2, cultural differences in early responsiveness to specific infant behaviors predicted later group differences in children’s use of particular ER strategies, with UK children using more communicative strategies, and Italians more autonomous. Findings indicate that positive maternal behaviors that are common across cultures (e.g., responsiveness) promote overall successful child emotion regulation, while culturally specific features of interactions are associated with how child socio-emotional outcomes are expressed.

Specific Features of Interactions between Megakaryocytic and Granulocytic Hematopoiesis Lineages and Myelofibrosis during the Acute Phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, and Multiple Myeloma.

The specific features of interactions between megakaryocytic and granulocytic hematopoiesis lineages and myelofibrosis were studied in patients with active phase (before treatment) of chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma. In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, a direct correlation was found between the severity of both early and advanced myelofibrosis and the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow irrespectively of the type of the bone marrow tumor. The parameters of granulocytic hematopoiesis lineage were higher in myelofibrosis. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma, negative correlations between the severity of early and advanced myelofibrosis and the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and platelets in the peripheral blood were found. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, negative correlations between the severity of early and advanced myelofibrosis and the number of neutrophils in the bone marrow and peripheral blood were detected. In patients with multiple myeloma, negative correlations between the severity of advanced myelofibrosis and number of neutrophils in the bone marrow and peripheral blood were detected.

Spirals inside the millimeter cavity of transition disk SR 21

Context. Hydrodynamical simulations of planet-disk interactions suggest that planets may be responsible for a number of the substructures frequently observed in disks in both scattered light and dust thermal emission. Despite the ubiquity of these features, direct evidence of planets embedded in disks and of the specific interaction features like spiral arms within planetary gaps are still rare. Aims. In this study we discuss recent observational results in the context of hydrodynamical simulations in order to infer the properties of a putative embedded planet in the cavity of a transition disk. Methods. We imaged the transition disk SR 21 in H-band in scattered light with SPHERE/IRDIS and in thermal dust emission with ALMA band 3 (3 mm) observations at a spatial resolution of 0.1″. We combine these datasets with existing Band 9 (430 μm) and Band 7 (870 μm) ALMA continuum data. Results. The Band 3 continuum data reveals a large cavity and a bright ring peaking at 53 au strongly suggestive of dust trapping. The ring shows a pronounced azimuthal asymmetry, with a bright region in the northwest that we interpret as a dust overdensity. A similarly asymmetric ring is revealed at the same location in polarized scattered light, in addition to a set of bright spirals inside the millimeter cavity and a fainter spiral bridging the gap to the outer ring. These features are consistent with a number of previous hydrodynamical models of planet-disk interactions, and suggest the presence of a ∼1 MJup planet at 44 au and PA = 11 deg. This makes SR21 the first disk showing spiral arms inside the millimeter cavity, and the first disk for which the location of a putative planet can be precisely inferred. Conclusions. The main features of SR 21 in both scattered light and thermal emission are consistent with hydrodynamical predictions of planet-disk interactions. With the location of a possible planet being well constrained by observations, it is an ideal candidate for follow-up observations to search for direct evidence of a planetary companion still embedded in its disk.

Idea ofAutopoiesisin the Evaluation of Lithuanian Concrete Architecture

AbstractThe article presents a theoretical model for evaluating architectural works artistic novelty of which is associated with concrete – the medium of the 20th century architecture. The theoretical model reflects the idea ofautopoiesisand works as a network parameter system, which promotes the constant renewal of knowledge in the field of concrete architecture. The theoretical scheme consists of two levels: at Level I the object’s aesthetic-technological type is identified; at Level II – specific features of interaction between artistic forms and reinforced concrete technologies in architecture are revealed through the net of aspects and indicators. Vilnius Palace of Culture and Sports as one of the iconic examples and the representative ofsolidaesthetic-technological type of the Lithuanian concrete architecture has been chosen to test the theoretical model.

Особенности взаимодействия портландцементных растворов и камня с весьма крепкими рассолами месторождений Восточной Сибири

Особенности взаимодействия портландцементных растворов и камня с весьма крепкими рассолами месторождений Восточной Сибири

Specific Features of Interactions of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Molecules with Zinc and Silver Ions in Aqueous Solutions According to IR Spectroscopy Data

Aqueous solutions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone and zinc and silver nitrates are studied by IR spectroscopy. It is shown that introduction of zinc and silver nitrates into polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions leads to a shift of the polymer absorption bands to lower wavenumbers. The results obtained indicate the possibility of formation of complexes consisting of polymer molecules and metal ions.

Социально-психологические предикторы виктимного поведения в подростковом возрасте

The article reports the results of a study focused on socio-psychological predictors of victim behaviour in teenagers. The aim of this paper is to describe the contribution and define the significance of socio-psychological predictors in adolescents’ victim behaviour. The study involved 91 adolescents aged 15–16 years living in the Republic of Khakassia and studying in a rural secondary school with advanced instruction in a number of subjects. We used the Andronnikova method “Predisposition to victim behaviour” for older adolescents to measure the teenagers’ predisposition to various forms of victim behaviour. Cattell 14 PF questionnaire was used to measure personality traits that reflect relatively stable ways of an individual’s relationship with the external world and one’s self. The Markovskaya questionnaire “Parent-child interaction” was applied to identify the types of interaction between parents and children from the adolescents’ point of view. The study of the social and economic situation of the families was carried out using the archival method (by studying the “social passport” of the class). The results were statistically processed by means of the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 program using Multiple Regression. The following independent variables were examined as socio-psychological predictors: Cattell 14 PF variables, the parameters of the family’s social status, and the variables of the Markovskaya questionnaire. The indicators on each scale of the Andronnikova method “Predisposition to victim behaviour” were studied as a dependent variable. The significance of the predictors’ contribution (independent variables) to victim behaviour in adolescents was identified by the method of Multiple Regression and step-by-step selection: 14 PF Cattell variables, degree of emotional stability, degree of acceptance of moral standards, self-control and internal stress, as well as a predisposition to guilt, shyness-adventurism. Also, the variables from the Markovskaya “Parent-child interaction” questionnaire, which express specific features of interaction between parents and children: emotional distance, rejection, autonomy-control in relation to a teenager, parents’ inconsistent behaviour; socio-economic characteristics of the family: income level, and family composition.

BeRBP: binding estimation for human RNA-binding proteins.

Identifying binding targets of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can greatly facilitate our understanding of their functional mechanisms. Most computational methods employ machine learning to train classifiers on either RBP-specific targets or pooled RBP–RNA interactions. The former strategy is more powerful, but it only applies to a few RBPs with a large number of known targets; conversely, the latter strategy sacrifices prediction accuracy for a wider application, since specific interaction features are inevitably obscured through pooling heterogeneous datasets. Here, we present beRBP, a dual approach to predict human RBP–RNA interaction given PWM of a RBP and one RNA sequence. Based on Random Forests, beRBP not only builds a specific model for each RBP with a decent number of known targets, but also develops a general model for RBPs with limited or null known targets. The specific and general models both compared well with existing methods on three benchmark datasets. Notably, the general model achieved a better performance than existing methods on most novel RBPs. Overall, as a composite solution overarching the RBP-specific and RBP-General strategies, beRBP is a promising tool for human RBP binding estimation with good prediction accuracy and a broad application scope.

Development of reflex-adaptive organizational structure of high robustness

One of the modern problems of business is the robustness of daily operations of company. Real productive industries permanently face the dramatic changes in the characteristics of the external environment which causes the explosive growth of risk situations that can lead to considerable damages and losses. That is why in modern management a significant place is occupied by methods called “risk management” designed to predict the emergence of negative situations and develop on this basis the protective measures.The purpose of the article is to equip developers of organizational structures, managers and participants of the construction process with not a complex but with the effective methodology of developing of organizational structures with high resistance qualities to the impact of external and internal environment based on the analysis of the reflex-adaptive qualities of the organizational structure of the investment and construction project. Overall, such method allows to express quantitatively the characteristics of the project structure’s elements for scoping the resistance qualities of the organizational structure of the investment and construction project.This article offers another method for improving robustness of the operating of the business structures based on modern concepts of informatics and the management of information flows. In work, the factors of robustness, sustainability and persistence of organizational structures of the investment and construction project are revealed and systematized. The life cycle of the investment and construction project is considered as a sequence of changes in the organizational structure which consists of a set of functional production-oriented units linked by technological, logistical and other processes synchronized in time. The article also offers the use of a mathematical model of the sustainability of the organizational structure under single impact of an external disturbance which allows us to determine the most loaded element of the system.The article provides a clear concept of the resistance qualities: robustness, sustainability and persistence of organizational structures based on the specific features of interaction of external and internal factors of the organizational structure as a system with elements of the organizational structure. Thus, for providing the maximum robustness of the structure is necessary to ensure the permanence of the internal environment of the system, that is, in any change in pragmatic information about the state of the internal environment an appropriate action is taken to counter negative impacts. For providing the robustness of the organizational structure, the reaction time of the system should not be less than the time of the disturbing effect change. Persistence is determined by the numerical value of factors affecting on the elements of the system.Overall, this article could be interesting to a wide range of specialists engaged in system design and allows us to consider solutions of system resistance from the modern positions of informatics.

THE SPECIFICS OF PARENT-TEACHER INTERACTION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

Introduction. Early school education as a beginning stage of an individual’s educational trajectory fosters an enabling environment for a child’s personal, physical, intellectual and moral development. A productive interaction between pre-school educational organizations and parents is known to play the key role in the mentioned process. Aim. Based on the empirical-sociological materials of the research, this paper is aimed to identify specific features of interaction between parents and teachers as subjects of the system of early childhood education in large industrial cities. Methodology and research methods. The empirical basis of the research was a questionnaire survey conducted among parents (n=220), whose children attended pre-school institutions in Yekaterinburg, and semi-structured interviews with early school teachers (n=30). The teachers were interviewed using the method of systematic sampling. Results and scientific novelty. A serious divergence was identified with regard to how parents and teachers understand the goal of early school education. The social demand of parents consists in preservation and strengthening of physical health of the child, and teachers consider the development of pupils’ abilities as their main task. The research revealed the main topic for discussion between parents and teachers to be organizational issues (due payments, leaving children in the morning, etc.). The conclusion is drawn that passive acceptance of the current situation prevails in teacher-parent interaction, rather than an active attitude to realization of the principles of partnership and cooperation. Parents’ tight schedules become an impediment for building of partner relationship with their children’s teachers and eventually prevent collaborative interaction between the two sides. Nevertheless, parents are shown to trust teachers and recognize the teachers’ professionalism. This circumstance is seen as a founding principle for formation, reproduction and development of partner interaction of the subjects of preschool education. Practical significance . The obtained results can be applied when planning directions to advance the quality and performance of preschool education institutions. Thus, first to be considered is the organization of complex system work on acculturation of pedagogical culture of parents as well as development of special competences of the teachers, enabling them to successfully realize the principles of constructive cooperation with parental community for the purpose of full, prosperous and harmonious education of younger generation.

Ablation of steel under surface irradiation by high-intensity tandem pulses

Specific features of interaction of high-intensity (1015 W cm–2) femtosecond laser pulses with ablated vapour are experimentally studied under a tandem (double pulse) regime of irradiation with a short (Δt = 1 – 11 ns) delay between the pulses. Using interference and shadow photography at a time scale of below 10 ns, data on dynamics of vapour expansion are obtained and the electron density in vapour is estimated. Reasons for observed strong screening of the radiation of the second pulse in a tandem are discussed.