Specific Environment Research Articles

Strategy adaptive system to learning processes for emerging serious games using a fuzzy classifier system

An emerging serious game (ESG) is a game that unfolds autonomously without explicit laws, adapting to the player, where the player learns while playing. An ESG engine must enable the emergence in the game, in order to allow its adaptation to the specific environment where it is being used. In previous articles, different components of an ESG engine have been proposed. This paper proposes a strategy adaptive system (SAS) for ESG, which allows the emergence of strategies in a videogame. Particularly, SAS manages the emergence of new procedures or methods (tactics), as well as actions (logistics), among other things, in the ESG, to adapt it to the environment. This component is based on a Fuzzy Classifier System that generates new rules, tactics, etc. in the game to follow the desired behavior. In this article, SAS is applied in a smart classroom (SaCI, for its acronym in Spanish), in such a way that allows the adaptation of an ESG to the students in SaCI. Especially, it is used during their teaching-learning processes. Additionally, this paper analyzes the performance of SAS in SaCI, with very encouraging results, since the quality of the strategies proposed by SAS (defined by rules that define the logic and tactics of the game) is improved in all case studies. This improvement is confirmed because the average use of the rules generated by our adaptive system is greater than 3.6, when the initial rules are used on average less than once.

Tradeoff Between Age of Information and Operation Time for UAV Sensing Over Multi-Cell Cellular Networks

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have a significant potential for sensing applications in further cellular networks due to their extensive coverage and flexible deployment. In this paper, we consider a multi-cell cellular network with a cellular-connected UAV, which senses data with onboard sensors and uploads sensory data to the ground base stations (BSs). To evaluate the freshness of sensory data, we employ the concept of age of information (AoI), which is defined as the time elapsed since the latest successful transmission of sensory data. A lower AoI implies fresher sensory data, which may lead to the increase of UAV operation time. To balance such tradeoff, we aim to minimize the weighted sum of operation time and total AoI for the UAV by jointly optimizing transmission scheduling, BS association, as well as UAV trajectory. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, which is difficult to solve due to the time-varying propagation channels. To this end, we first characterize the average communication performance with statistic channel information, and then develop a search algorithm to obtain the optimal solution via employing the optimal structure as well as convex optimization techniques, while a low-complexity Double Graph based Algorithm (DGA) is developed to obtain a suboptimal solution. Then, by taking into account the site-specific performance and making fast decisions online, we propose a Deep reinforcement Learning Algorithm (DLA). Compared to DGA, DLA can adapt to the specific local environment and obtain a solution more rapidly once the training process is completed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the benchmarks about 30%, and achieve flexible tradeoff between operation time and AoI of UAV sensing, which is not available by considering just one objective.

Comparing malaria risk exposure in rural Cambodia population using GPS tracking and questionnaires

BackgroundThe Great Mekong Subregion has attained a major decline in malaria cases and fatalities over the last years, but residual transmission hotspots remain, supposedly fueled by forest workers and migrant populations. This study aimed to: (i) characterize the fine-scale mobility of forest-goers and understand links between their daily movement patterns and malaria transmission, using parasites detection via real time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) and the individual exposure to Anopheles bites by quantification of anti-Anopheles saliva antibodies via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; (ii) assess the concordance of questionnaires and Global Positioning System (GPS) data loggers for measuring mobility.MethodsTwo 28 day follow-ups during dry and rainy seasons, including a GPS tracking, questionnaires and health examinations, were performed on male forest goers representing the population at highest risk of infection. Their time spent in different land use categories and demographic data were analyzed in order to understand the risk factors driving malaria in the study area.ResultsMalaria risk varied with village forest cover and at a resolution of only a few kilometers: participants from villages outside the forest had the highest malaria prevalence compared to participants from forest fringe’s villages. The time spent in a specific environment did not modulate the risk of malaria, in particular the time spent in forest was not associated with a higher probability to detect malaria among forest-goers. The levels of antibody response to Anopheles salivary peptide among participants were significantly higher during the rainy season, in accordance with Anopheles mosquito density variation, but was not affected by sociodemographic and mobility factors. The agreement between GPS and self-reported data was only 61.9% in reporting each kind of visited environment.ConclusionsIn a context of residual malaria transmission which was mainly depicted by P. vivax asymptomatic infections, the implementation of questionnaires, GPS data-loggers and quantification of anti-saliva Anopheles antibodies on the high-risk group were not powerful enough to detect malaria risk factors associated with different mobility behaviours or time spent in various environments. The joint implementation of GPS trackers and questionnaires allowed to highlight the limitations of both methodologies and the benefits of using them together. New detection and follow-up strategies are still called for.

γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activatable NIR photosensitizer for visualization and selective killing of liver cancer cells

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment model that involves using light sources to excite photosensitizers (PSs), generating reactive oxygen species. This method is considered a potential treatment for tumors. However, the non-selective toxicity of traditional PSs to both tumors and normal tissues hinders the advancement of PDT. This lack of selectivity is a major obstacle in the development of effective PDT. The activatable PS can only function in a specific environment, which enhances the selectivity and safety of PDT. In this paper, we focus on GGT (γ-glutamyltranspeptidase) overexpressed in liver cancer as the biological target. We designed and synthesized the activatable PS BrCy-Glu by modifying the substrate of GGT (l-glutamic acid) onto the brominated hemicyanine PS (BrCy-OH). The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect of BrCy-Glu is inhibited, which leads to low fluorescence quantum yield and singlet oxygen yield. However, in the presence of GGT, it can undergo selective hydrolysis and be converted into BrCy-OH through a series of elimination reactions. This process is accompanied by a significant increase in fluorescence quantum yield and singlet oxygen yield. In vitro studies demonstrate that BrCy-Glu is suitable for precise fluorescence identification of liver cancer and selective eradication of cancer cells under light conditions.

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performances by Spatially Confined Aqueous Electrolytes

AbstractElectrocatalysis is an important energy conversion and storage technology that has made significant progress in areas such as fuel cells, hydrogen production from electrolyzed water and electrochemical synthesis. In practical applications, the efficiency and stability of electrocatalytic processes remain challenging. Spatially confined (or called domain‐limited) water refers to the immobilization of water molecules in a limited region near the catalyst surface to form a specific aqueous phase environment. This domain‐limited aqueous phase environment can greatly influence the electrocatalytic efficacy by enhancing adsorption and lowering the proton transport and solvent diffusion energy barriers in the reaction. In recent years, the goal of improving electrocatalytic performance has been successfully achieved through interfacial domain‐limited, microporous domain‐limited and nanoreactor domain‐limited. Spatially domain‐limited water as a novel strategy can significantly enhance the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions, but understanding its mechanism of action remains a challenge. With a deeper understanding of domain‐limited water and further development of the technology, it is believed that it will bring greater breakthroughs and application prospects in the field of electrocatalysis.

The role of the home in children’s critical reading skills development

This study aimed to identify the specific home environment factors that were judged to support or hinder the development of children’s critical reading skills. Using a Delphi method, 32 experts in Finland listed a set of home-related factors that can either hinder or support the development of children’s critical reading skills. The experts then evaluated and ranked the factors according to their perceived importance. A large set of home-related factors was produced. Out of these, we identified 13 supportive and nine hindering factors. The factors highlighted the importance of having a space for the child to be heard and involved in family discussions, having a space for differing viewpoints and critical thinking, parental competencies to support critical reading skills, and positive parental attitudes towards schooling and learning. The findings can be used for measurement and intervention development purposes.

Fluorescent probe effect of super-sensitive transition Dy3+ ions in the negative thermal expansion materials Sc2W3O12

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials have attracted significant attention for their distinctive thermal expansion properties and potential applications in various fields such as micro-electronic packaging, aerospace engineering, optics, and sensors. Despite significant advancements, the field continues to face numerous challenges, including scarcities in material types, unclear mechanisms underlying thermal shrinkage, response temperature far from room temperature, as well as limited potential for industrialization. In our work, we report a type of Sc2W3O12:Dy3+ luminescent material whereby the doped super-sensitizing rare earth ion Dy3+ can form luminescent centers within a specific crystal field environment, thereby extending the optical properties of NTE materials. With the temperature increasing, the emission of WO42− undergoes a red shift, and the yellow-to-blue (Y/B) ratio resulting from Dy3+ transitions increase, effectively illustrate the W–O bond spacing decreases. The effect of lattice shrinkage with increasing temperature is proved by the optical performance of luminescent ions in the NTE materials, gives rare earth ions the role of fluorescent probes in the process of negative thermal expansion. This also provides a novel strategy for the dynamic monitoring of lattice environments that vary with temperature.

Storage dynamics of ions on graphene

AbstractCarbon has been widely utilized as electrode in electrochemical energy storage, relying on the interaction between ions and electrode. The performance of a carbon electrode is determined by a variety of factors including the structural features of carbon material and the behavior of ions adsorbed on the carbon surface in the specific environment. As the fundamental unit of graphitic carbons, graphene has been employed as a model to understand the energy storage mechanism of carbon materials through various experimental and computational methods, ex‐situ or in‐situ. In this article, we provide a succinct overview of the state‐of‐the‐art proceedings on the ion storage mechanism on graphene. Topics include the structure engineering of carbons, electric gating effect of ions, ion dynamics on the interface or in the confined space, and specifically lithium‐ion storage/reaction on graphene. Our aim is to facilitate the understanding of electrochemistry on carbon electrodes.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct transcriptomic profiles and evolutionary patterns in lung cancer brain metastasis

BackgroundLung cancer metastasis to the brain presents significant clinical challenges. Therefore, elucidating its underlying mechanisms and characterizing its transcriptomic landscape is essential for developing therapeutic interventions. MethodsWe analyzed two distinct single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of lung cancer metastasis to analyze the evolutionary trajectory of brain metastatic tumors. In addition, a systematic comparison of cell-cell interaction between tumor cells and lymphocytes was conducted within primary and brain metastatic tumors. ResultsThe brain metastatic tumors showed greater transcriptomic changes (reflected by a higher pseudotime) than tumors in the lymph nodes and primary tumors. Furthermore, our investigation has not only revealed specific shared ligand-receptor pairs in both mLN and mBrain, exemplified by the interaction between SPP1 and CD99 in T cells, but has also unveiled a diverse array of ligand-receptor pairs exclusive to the mBrain. Notably, this includes distinctive pairs such as APP and IL1 observed specifically in myeloid cells. ConclusionThe distinct microenvironment in the brain may influence the observed transcriptomic changes in tumors, emphasizing the significance of the specific environment in determining tumor behavior and therapeutic response.

Study on the Reform of Function Orientation of People’s Courts from the Perspective of Litigation Source Governance: Taking G Prefecture as an Example

To initiate the reform of the implementation management system and mechanism below the city (state) in GPrefecture, taking into account its unique geographical, political, and cultural context, the construction of a “four-in-one”modern work system is proposed. The success of this reform in remote minority areas depends on tailoring measures tolocal conditions. Customizing strategies to fit the specific geographic, political, and cultural environment of G Prefectureis crucial for ensuring the practical implementation and effectiveness of the two-level court function positioning reform inthese remote areas.

Chemically programmed nanozyme with microenvironment remodeling for combinatorial treatment of osteoarthritis

Restoring the equilibrium of joint homeostasis is crucial in treating osteoarthritis (OA). However, current strategies are primarily concentrated on individual interventions aimed at improving joint lubrication, reducing inflammation, eliminating reactive oxygen species, and stimulating cartilage differentiation, resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. In this work, a kind of Zn-doped hollow mesoporous CeOx (HMZC) is prepared by a facile two-step method to efficiently encapsulate the kartogenin (KGN), and then HA as a “gatekeeper” is wrapped on the surface of HMZC to generate KGN@HMZC@HA nanozymes. Since the formation of additional oxygen vacancies in the Zn-doping procedure, enabling the KGN@HMZC@HA with SOD-like and CAT-like catalytic activities. The prepared KGN@HMZC@HA can achieve the controlled KGN release in response to the specific OA environment, and chemically programmed OA microenvironment (i.e., microenvironment remodeling) by effective ROS scavenging, O2 production, macrophages transformation of M1 to M2 phenotype, and inflammation suppression. Both cellular and in vivo findings manifest the promising treatment efficiency and minimal adverse effect of the chemically programmed nanozyme for OA therapy, showing its tremendous potential as a desirable treatment option for OA.

Generalist versus Specialist Self-Replicators.

Darwinian evolution, including the selection of the fittest species under given environmental conditions, is a major milestone in the development of synthetic living systems. In this regard, generalist or specialist behavior (the ability to replicate in a broader or narrower, more specific food environment) are of importance. Here we demonstrate generalist and specialist behavior in dynamic combinatorial libraries composed of a peptide-based and an oligo(ethylene glycol) based building block. Three different sets of macrocyclic replicators could be distinguished based on their supramolecular organization: two prepared from a single building block as well as one prepared from an equimolar mixture of them. Peptide-containing hexamer replicators were found to be generalists, i. e. they could replicate in a broad range of food niches, whereas the octamer peptide-based replicator and hexameric ethyleneoxide-based replicator were proven to be specialists, i. e. they only replicate in very specific food niches that correspond to their composition. However, sequence specificity cannot be demonstrated for either of the generalist replicators. The generalist versus specialist nature of these replicators was linked to their supramolecular organization. Assembly modes that accommodate structurally different building blocks lead to generalist replicators, while assembly modes that are more restrictive yield specialist replicators.

Factors Influencing the Social Help-seeking Behavior of Introductory Programming Students in a Competitive University Environment

Collaboration is an important aspect of computing. In a classroom setting, working with others can increase a student’s motivation to attempt more challenges, reduce the difficulty of complicated concepts, and bring about greater overall success. Despite extensive research in other domains, there has been minimal exploration within computing on what impacts a student’s decision to seek social assistance in highly competitive university environments. To understand what affects introductory programming students’ social help-seeking behavior in this context, we conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with students and performed thematic analysis and qualitative coding on the ensuing transcripts. Our qualitative analysis revealed 18 significant factors. We noticed that the decision to seek social help involved a two-fold process: first, the decision to engage in social help-seeking, and subsequently, the decision of who to ask for help. Furthermore, we found that help-seeking in computing is not fundamentally different from other disciplines, although some of the factors were unique to the topic of computing and the specific environment of this study. Factors related to communication style, the type of question being asked, and the school’s cheating policy were central when discussing code, an integral part of computing. Regarding the environment, students repeatedly reported that the competitive major, the explicit and implicit class standards, and feelings of intimidation, among others, influenced them. These findings suggest that understanding both steps and the sociocultural context is important in order to effectively lower the barriers to asking for help.

Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Alloys in Different Alkaline Environments: Effect of Alloying Elements and Anodization Treatments

Aluminum alloys are extensively used to manufacture mechanical components. However, when exposed to alkaline environments, like lubricants, refrigerants, or detergents, they can be corroded, reducing their durability. For this reason, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of aggressive alkaline solutions (i.e., pH and presence of chlorides) on the corrosion resistance of three aluminum alloys (AA 5083-H111, AA 6082-T6, and AA 7075-T6) with and without anodizing treatments. Open circuit potential (EOCP) and anodic polarization measurements were carried out and typical corrosion parameters such as corrosion current density (icor) and corrosion rate (CR) were determined. Morphology of the corrosion attack and samples microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscope. Results show that corrosion behavior of the three investigated alloys is influenced by (i) the aggressiveness of the testing environments; (ii) the thickness of the anodizing treatment; (iii) the alloy chemical composition; (iv) the distribution of intermetallic phases in the aluminum matrix. Moreover, three galvanic series have been built also testing other metallic alloys commonly used in mechanical applications, i.e., carbon steel (C40), stainless-steel (AISI 304), and Cu-based alloys (Cu-Ni alloy and CW 617 N, respectively). Results clearly indicate that galvanic series play a fundamental role when it is necessary to select an alloy for a specific environment, highlighting the thermodynamic conditions for corrosion occurrence. On the other hand, kinetic measurements and microstructural studies carried out on the three aluminum alloys stress the importance of the surface treatments and relevant thickness as well as the effect of metal exposure. Future work will involve the study of other surface treatments on aluminum alloys and the evaluation of their corrosion behavior in acidic environments.

Investigation of the adsorption and sensor properties of resorcinol (RSL) on X9N9 (X = Al, B, Ga, In) nanorings by DFT and QTAIM analysis with solvent effects

De-aromative oxygenation of resorcinol is recognized as an important process that produces a variety of bioactive chemicals. Hence, we evaluated the sensing application by utilizing density functional theory to study the resorcinol (RSL)-X9N9 (X = Al, B, Ga, and In) nanoring interaction. We saw that RSL had a strong interaction with every ring. A charge transfer occurs between nanorings and RSL, causing dipole moment to be induced. The band gap energies of all complexes are less than that of RSL. In vacuum the band gap energies of the complexes are less than that of pristine rings while in water, RSL-Ga/In-N complexes, the band gap energies are higher than that of pristine rings. In vacuum all the complexes, except B9N9-RSL have higher adsorption energies. In water phase, Al9N9/Ga9N9-RSL complexes have higher adsorption energies. These values suggest they are good dopants for RSL. The electrical conductivity and work function are significantly altered as a result of the alteration in the Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) energies of the nanorings following interaction. It is possible to use the X9N9 nanorings for RSL as both an electronic sensor and a work function-based sensor. The extended recovery time of RSL with X9N9, however, indicates that it can be used to store RSL or remove it from a specific environment. Atom in Molecules (AIM) analysis predicts the comprehension reactivity, chemical bonding, and the creation of compounds. The present work can be extended to investigate the effect of coinage metal doping with nanorings to study doping effects and drug delivery carrier properties.

Review and update on the management of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries in professional athletes.

Triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries are common in amateur and professional sports. These injuries are mainly caused by acute or chronic repetitive axial loads on the wrist, particularly on the ulnar side and in association with rotations or radial/ulnar deviations. In order to treat professional athletes, a detailed specific knowledge of the pathology is needed. Moreover, the clinician should fully understand the specific and unique environment and needs of the athletes, their priorities and goals, the type of sport, the time of the season, and the position played. An early diagnosis and appropriate management with the quickest possible recovery time are the uppermost goals for both the athlete and the surgeon. A compromise between conservative vs surgical indications, athletes' needs and expectations, and financial implications should be achieved. Arthroscopic procedures should be timely planned when indicated as they could allow early diagnosis and treatment at the same time. Conservative measures are often used as first line treatment when possible. Peripheral lesions are treated by arthroscopic repair, whilst central lesions are treated by arthroscopic debridement. Further procedures (such as the Wafer procedure, ulnar osteotomies, etc.) have specific indications and great implications with regard to rehabilitation.

Reconciling categorization and memory via environmental statistics.

How people represent categories and how those representations change over time is a basic question about human cognition. Previous research has demonstrated that people categorize objects by comparing them to category prototypes in early stages of learning but consider the individual exemplars within each category in later stages. However, these results do not seem consistent with findings in the memory literature showing that it becomes increasingly easier to access representations of general knowledge than representations of specific items over time. Why would one rely more on exemplar-based representations in later stages of categorization when it is more difficult to access these exemplars in memory? To reconcile these incongruities, our study proposed that previous findings on categorization are a result of human participants adapting to a specific experimental environment, in which the probability of encountering an object stays uniform over time. In a more realistic environment, however, one would be less likely to encounter the same object if a long time has passed. Confirming our hypothesis, we demonstrated that under environmental statistics identical to typical categorization experiments the advantage of exemplar-based categorization over prototype-based categorization increases over time, replicating previous research in categorization. In contrast, under realistic environmental statistics simulated by our experiments the advantage of exemplar-based categorization over prototype-based categorization decreases over time. A second set of experiments replicated our results, while additionally demonstrating that human categorization is sensitive to the category structure presented to the participants. These results provide converging evidence that human categorization adapts appropriately to environmental statistics.

Silver Nanowire Networks with Moisture-Enhanced Learning Ability.

The human brain possesses a remarkable ability to memorize information with the assistance of a specific external environment. Therefore, mimicking the human brain's environment-enhanced learning abilities in artificial electronic devices is essential but remains a considerable challenge. Here, a network of Ag nanowires with a moisture-enhanced learning ability, which can mimic long-term potentiation (LTP) synaptic plasticity at an ultralow operating voltage as low as 0.01 V, is presented. To realize a moisture-enhanced learning ability and to adjust the aggregations of Ag ions, we introduced a thin polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coating layer with moisture-sensitive properties to the surfaces of the Ag nanowires of Ag ions. That Ag nanowire network was shown to exhibit, in response to the humidity of its operating environment, different learning speeds during the LTP process. In high-humidity environments, the synaptic plasticity was significantly strengthened with a higher learning speed compared with that in relatively low-humidity environments. Based on experimental and simulation results, we attribute this enhancement to the higher electric mobility of the Ag ions in the water-absorbed PVP layer. Finally, we demonstrated by simulation that the moisture-enhanced synaptic plasticity enabled the device to adjust connection weights and delivery modes based on various input patterns. The recognition rate of a handwritten data set reached 94.5% with fewer epochs in a high-humidity environment. This work shows the feasibility of building our electronic device to achieve artificial adaptive learning abilities.

Uczenie się we współpracy ze studentami – użyteczność wybranych afordancji podczas procesu dzielenia się wiedzą

Introduction: In the introduction I explain the meaning of the main concepts and theoretical categories: a community of practice, the relational concept of learning through knowledge sharing, and social networks. I provide examples of factors that influence the effectiveness of the knowledge sharing process within communities of practice. I add to the analysed concept the category of affordances which is related to the possibilities to act in a specific environment. Research Aim: The aim of the research is to understand and describe how I create, interpret and change my social and personal environment. I formulate my research perspective in the following questions: How to use possible interpersonal affordances in the field of assessment to build a community of entities learning from each other in the academic space? Method: It is my choice to work using autoethnography, I apply the procedure of data analysis following the evocative approach, which is characterised by a change in both the subject of cognition (the researcher) and the recipient of the message. Results: The contemporary context of students’ social functioning requires a decisive transition/ return to the culture of relational learning, in which the following are important: taking care of emotional well-being, sensitivity to students’ needs, and support, including in the form of constructive feedback based on individual or group (peer) reflection. These types of values shared in a group provide an environment conducive to learning. Conclusions: Interpersonal affordances in the field of assessment come from certain types of motivations and values that guide a person building relationships in a specific community. The crisis situation afforded me actions that involved changing my style of everyday functioning to a more attentive, supportive one, requiring the creation of a relational, comfortable space for learning. Communication relationships based on various types of constructive feedback have observably led to a positive change in the contexts of learning from each other.

The maturity of using the organization’s relational intelligence in the processes of building relational capital: a smart organization example

Abstract The Smart World is a specific operational environment that encompasses, with its sophisticated techno-technological, ecological, social, and organizational requirements, various entities, systems, and things, including socially and environmentally aware people and their cognitive thinking. This dynamic technological, social, and cultural development and the solutions implemented in the companies that it drives are resulting in changing management paradigms, new business models, and the development of new types of organizations. One of these is the SMART organization, which can provide a real benchmark for the development processes of other organizations. The basis of its effective functioning is relational intelligence, which contributes to building and utilizing the right relational capital of the organization. Given the above, the aim of the study was to identify the essence of the areas and forms of impact of relational intelligence (RI) on selected elements of relational capital (RC), as well as to attempt to assess the maturity of the application of RI in the practice of enterprises using the example of the SMART organization. In order to realize the set objectives, a survey was conducted among smart enterprises operating in Poland (N=327). The research revealed the types of relationships established by smart organizations, assessed their relational capital, and looked at the role of relational intelligence in the process of building RC. The author's model of relational intelligence is proposed; it explores how relational intelligence (based on emotional and ethical capacities) can guide leadership behavior in interactions, helping leaders deal with complex ethical and cultural dilemmas and make balanced and responsible decisions. The authors conclude that relational intelligence can support global leaders in addressing leadership challenges, leading them to interact appropriately across boundaries and build sustainable and trusting relationships with different stakeholders. The research findings collected have helped to take a first step towards a better understanding of the importance and maturity of the RI of smart organizations in their relationships with different types of stakeholders in this group of companies. The visualization of this data on the Relational Intelligence Maturity Map indicates, on the one hand, the basis for the success of the studied group of companies (relationships with high and fairly high levels of IRI activation) and, on the other hand, serves as an inspiration for other organizations in terms of what kind of relationships to develop, as well as why, where, and how to activate their RI more strongly in order to strengthen their RC.