Specific Disciplines Research Articles

МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНАЯ ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ КАК ФАКТОР СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ В ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ ВУЗЕ

The article presents the results of research work, during which the triune essence of interdisciplinary integration (principle, process, result) in the implementation of the integrative approach in teaching mathematical, natural science and special disciplines in the educational environment of a technical university is revealed by didactic means. Integrative professionally oriented tasks as a means of implementing an integrative approach in teaching mathematical, natural science and special disciplines have been proposed. They form the core of the practical component of the didactic system and allow integrating into a single professional skill individual actions, methods and techniques mastered in the process of studying natural science, mathematics and special subjects. The methodology has been developed for conducting an integrated lesson using information technologies, which are both a field and a means for constructing interdisciplinary practice-oriented task s.

The quality assurance system of higher education institutions: use of tests in special disciplines

The quality assurance system of higher education institutions: use of tests in special disciplines

What is wrong with urban regeneration practices? Towards a Foucauldian analysis of urban regeneration documents.

Urban design practices are hard to analyse and critique. In this paper, we suggest that part of the difficulty can be alleviated if one problematises them as having a “positivity”. That Foucauldian notion refers to the discursive rules that must be met in order for a statement to be considered as “knowledge” in a specific discipline and at a specific time in history. We then describe the “archaeological” method that Foucault developed to analyse “positivities”. Applying this method to the analysis of a multidimensional diagnosis document produced by a team of consultants in the first stage of an urban regeneration project, we describe the discursive rules of construction that seem to underlie the reasoning displayed in the document. The findings cannot be generalised but they provide strong hypotheses for future inquiry into urban regeneration discursive practices.

BIM multitask project manager: responsibility, organization and interoperability

Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology has been supporting the construction activity in all sectors involved: multidisciplinary designs development; construction planning and monitoring; building management and maintenance. A BIM environment aggregates several specialties and related professionals and in order to control and improve the quality of a BIM project, a BIM manager is required. The BIM manager has the responsibility to coordinate all tasks involved in a building design and in the associated activities that are usually workout over the project documents. A BIM platform can be considered as a useful resource for multidisciplinary coordination, extending the BIM 3D modelling scope into the construction planning and after, in the operation and maintenance stages. A BIM manager is then required: to incentive the collaboration at work and to control responsibility given to each professional involved; to guaranty the correction of the amount and quality of the information, included in each BIM model step, and transferred between tasks; to coordinate all designs and the distinct mandatory activities (conflict detection, cost estimation or energetic simulation). The topic of the present study is illustrated with three building cases were distinct specific projects, disciplines and tasks were developed: structural analyses and reinforcement details; quantity take-off of materials and cost estimation; construction scheduling and simulation. The study presents the relevance of a correct coordination within the development of building projects. Although there are limitations in the implementation of BIM methodology in all sectors or activities within the construction industry, BIM has been bringing an important improvement in the quality of a building design, reflected in the quality of the final product. BIM methodology is a current demand in the construction industry supported on advanced technology and in an adequate management of projects.

Assessing text comprehension proficiency: Indonesian higher education students vs ChatGPT

AI has developed rapidly. However, AI research in applied linguistics in the field of language education in Indonesia still needs to be expanded to reading and writing skills. This research aims to explore students' skills in writing summaries and understanding the historical theme of the development of the Indonesian language with AI based on gender and university aspects. The quantitative method uses descriptive statistical analysis techniques, independent sample t-test, and Welch One-Way ANOVA. The research sample was 288 students from Makassar State University, Timor University, and Makassar Health Polytechnic. The results show that ChatGPT is significantly better at reprocessing text than students based on the aspects measured. ChatGPT outperforms almost every aspect of the assessment. However, in the MCT_Score aspect, the average for Universitas Negeri Makassar students is slightly higher than ChatGPT and the other two universities. Meanwhile, the Makassar Health Polytechnic almost matches the average ChatGPT score. Apart from that, the Universitas Timor average seems significantly different, with a score range of only 6.00 – 7.00. This research contributes to developing the Indonesian curriculum using Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. The government can use these findings as a basis for making better policies to improve the quality of education. This research implies that Indonesian students have a gap in understanding texts compared to ChatGPT. The first implication is the need to revise and develop the educational curriculum. Therefore, future research can examine text comprehension abilities in more specific contexts, such as scientific texts, journalism, literature, or specific scientific disciplines. It can provide more detailed insight into students' strategies for overcoming difficulties in understanding texts. In addition, future research will be conducted on the broader impact of using Artificial Intelligence technology in language education on the development of student text comprehension and the potential social and ethical impacts.

Knowledge politics and labor precariousness in Spanish universities: implications for social anthropology

Neoliberal reforms arising from Spain’s entrance into the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) have had major consequences for academic practice and unleashed heated debate in the university community and society. This article explores the main transformations and basis of the political-economic model of public universities in Spain. It focuses on two dimensions of the institutional framework that have had a significant impact on teaching and research practice in universities: the strategic focus of research policy and labor regulations and employment conditions. To address both dimensions, the analysis centers on the implications each has for the reproduction of a specific discipline, social anthropology, in the context of the University of Seville. The article describes some of the main factors conditioning and limiting these two dimensions, in particular how business logic and neocolonialism are driving new research policy and how a combination of neoliberal organization of labor, meritocracy and clientelist networks are impact hiring practices and intensifying labor precarization.

Discourse to the Factors of Decision-making of Students in Choosing a University Major

The purpose of this paper to investigate the factors that influence students' choice of major, by conducting a literature review and identifying research gaps. There was adopted a methodical approach PRISMA that included a systematic literature review based on the Scopus database. The results of this study indicate a noteworthy trend in the literature related to major choice within the Scopus Database. The number of papers on this topic has exhibited consistent growth since 2008, reaching a peak in 2021, albeit with an annual publication count not exceeding 12 articles. Prominent authors have primarily contributed to discussions surrounding major choice, with a focus on the medical and engineering fields, while engagement with business-related disciplines, such as marketing, management, remains limited. Notably, most retrieved documents were articles (85%), with a minority being reviews (15%), some of which did not directly align with the research question. The affiliations of these documents were predominantly associated with research centers and universities in the United States, underscoring a gap in contextualizing major choice within the Kazakhstani and broader Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region. In summary, this study underscores a growing interest in major choice research since 2008, predominantly concentrated in specific disciplines and geographic regions, with notable disparities in representation among academic fields. Key factors that play a pivotal role in shaping students' decisions regarding their majors were identified. This paper emphasizes the foundation for the empirical research related to customers in roles of students and stakeholders in higher education institutions based on CIS countries.

PRACTICAL CLASSES AS A FORM OF COMPETITIVE PHARMACY SPECIALIST TRAINING

In the article, in line with the tasks of forming the organizational and managerial culture of masters of pharmacy based on the concept of the development of the pharmaceutical industry as an integral component of the country’s health care system, the goal is realized. It is to clarify the role of practical classes as the leading organizational form of the educational process of training highly qualified personnel who develop and implements a modern system of ensuring the quality of medicinal products, has not only fundamental knowledge of physics, chemistry, biology, scientific management, special disciplines, but also has an extensive system of practical skills and professional activity skills.
 On the basis of the general pedagogical principle of the unity of theory and practice, practical training is characterized as the leading organizational form of the educational process of professional training of pharmacy managers, which has its own objectives, intended for the development of students’ professional and practical skills necessary for specialists to perform their duties relationships and formation of professional and business qualities of graduates of the master’s level of education.
 The works of Ukrainian scientists in terms of types, structure, methods of conducting, specifics of training teachers and students for practical classes of various forms and types are adapted to the needs of a specific field of specialist training.
 It was concluded that the intensification of the educational process stimulates the use of advanced learning technologies accumulated by practice by teachers in practical classes. Practical classes are conducted using the elements of discussion, business game, "brainstorming", dyadic form of work of applicants (performance of tasks to consolidate the material in pairs, control of knowledge, evaluation of completed actions and tasks), etc. The summary of the results of a practical session with future pharmacists is often in the form of a colloquium, where the candidates announce their written results and briefly explain them. You can participate in the discussion of the proposed decision by expressing your opinion, motivating and arguing it.

Investigation on Students Feedback about Distance Learning for Art Subject

The utilization of online platforms for learning has become increasingly common, although it is still relatively unexplored in specific disciplines such as Art and Design. In the Film and Animation Majors within the Art and Design Faculty, students encounter subjects that necessitate the development of technical proficiency in their learning outcomes and subjects that require in-person discussions to deepen their understanding. Gaining technical proficiency typically requires practical, hands-on practice, which is most effectively facilitated through in-person instruction. This article presents the feedback received from students enrolled in two foundation classes, one practical and one theoretical, regarding their experience with distance learning. The authors collected and analyzed feedback from both types of classes, focusing on participants who provided feedback for both practical and theoretical courses. The outcomes consist of recommendations from the students' perspectives, highlighting the successes and challenges encountered with distance learning in the respective classes. 
 
 Keywords: distance learning; film; animation; major; technical proficiency skill; online learning.

Caracterização da formação de terapeutas ocupacionais do Distrito Federal em relação ao campo da Educação

Introduction: Studies point to the importance of the occupational therapists’ performance in education; however, there is a gap in knowledge about academic and complementary education in relation to this field. Objective: To understand the reality regarding the academic and complementary training of occupational therapists in Distrito Federal, Brazil, who have already carried out interventions related to the field of Education, in order to present suggestions for improving this training. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, with the participation of 40 occupational therapists from Distrito Federal, who responded to an online questionnaire. Results and discussion: During undergraduate studies, half of the participants took a specific elective discipline of the field (n=20; 29%), and/or non-specific elective discipline (n=19; 27%). This scenario raised reflections on the approach to content aimed at a broad and diverse performance. It was verified that the participants invested more in complementary activities in the field after completing their degree (n=28; 70%), than during their degree (n=23; 57%). Therefore, the provision of these activities in initial training, the presence of professors of the field and the interest of students are discussed. Investment in content that relates to possibilities for the profession’s actions in the field of Education, especially on reasonable adaptations, suitability/adaptation of environments, materials and curricula, in addition to practices and internships, were highlighted as suggestions for improvements to the undergraduate training. Conclusion: Understanding the reality about training to work in education, based on the understanding of the academic trajectory of the occupational therapists, can contribute to reflections on the field.

ACTUAL ISSUES OF TRAINING OF FUTURE WORKERS OF THE SOCIAL SPHERE FOR SELF-PRESERVATION IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article presents a theoretical analysis of some modern problems of professional training of future workers in the social sphere for self-preservation in the period of martial law. According to the purpose of the research, the need to clarify and expand the meaning of the concept of "self-preservation", which is traditionally associated with a natural instinct, special behavior in stressful situations, has been identified. Manifestations of self-preservation of future workers in the social sphere are noted, including: self-knowledge, awareness of emotions, moods, feelings, self-acceptance; analysis and adequate assessment of one's condition; understanding of one's capabilities, abilities (mainly physical, intellectual, mental); self-control and stress resistance; self-motivation, overcoming internal barriers to achieve the goal; critical thinking in various situations, the ability to quickly find a way out, generate new ideas; predict emotional and professional burnout, as the need to preserve one's own mental health while performing official duties. Based on the analysis of domestic scientific psychological and pedagogical sources, the problem of the lack of targeted and substantiated research on the formation of self-preservation skills in future workers of the social sphere, which would take into account current events on the territory of Ukraine and the needs of citizens for help, support and protection, who suffered from military aggression, was revealed from the Russian Federation, were forced to evacuate to safe places, were subjected to mental and moral pressure. The article reveals the peculiarities of volunteering as a way of practical implementation of self-preservation of future specialists during the period of martial law. During the study, the need to modernize the existing system of professional training of future workers in the social sphere for self-preservation and work in martial law conditions was revealed. Modern educational and professional programs do not foresee the need for the formation of skills for self-preservation, do not contain special disciplines, and therefore cannot provide high-quality training of highly qualified specialists. In addition, it has been proven that the professional activity of future workers in the social sphere is closely related to health (physical, mental, social, spiritual), therefore, in the process of obtaining higher education, one should strive for awareness of the internal connections between health and self-preservation.

History of aviation physiology

Relevance. In studying the history of medical and biological disciplines, an important part is the identification of the stages of their formation and development. In this regard, it seems important to make a historical and scientific analytical review of the development of ideas about aviation physiology, covering different stages of the history of science and reflecting the contribution of researchers from different regions. It will be useful for teaching historical and scientific and special disciplines, as well as for researchers involved in the study of aviation physiology. The need to understand how the human body functions in flight arose along with the development of aeronautics. The study is devoted to the analysis of the main stages in the development of aviation physiology. The purpose of the study - to characterize the stages of formation and development of aviation physiology. Research methods. In preparing this publication, articles in publications included in the RSCI, PubMed, and Scopus were mainly used. Preference was given to materials published in the last 15 years. The main results present the stages of development of aviation physiology with a description of the contribution of the main researchers in this field. The achievements of domestic scientists, doctors, physiologists I.M. Sechenov, L.A. Orbeli, G.M. Zarakovsky are analyzed, their scientific priorities in the development of this scientific direction are presented. The process of formation and development of aviation physiology as a direction of biomedical knowledge is presented. Before the advent of aviation (19th century), hypoxia was studied in the study of balloon flights. With the advent of high-speed and maneuverable aircraft, aviation physiology began to study the body’s response to overloads caused by highly maneuverable flights. Conclusion . The development of aviation physiology can be divided into two stages. 1. Pre-aviation, within which the emergence of this area of medico-biological knowledge takes place. 2. Aviation, at this stage scientists have the opportunity to study different multidirectional overloads and their effect on the human body. Currently, aviation physiology is one of the important branches of physiology, aviation and space medicine.

Impact of Surface Science in Current Science and Technology: Some Basic Considerations

More than half a century has passed since the establishment of surface science as a specific discipline [...]

Digitalization of motivational features as a way to organize independent work of bachelors

Problem statement . Effective organization of extracurricular work for future bachelors involves the construction of individual learning trajectories, based, among other things, on the level of motivation to study specialized disciplines. The expediency of using intelligent information technologies in classifying the composition and forms of independent work of bachelors of applied mathematics is substantiated. Methodology. Applying the developed mobile application, multi-parameter motivational characteristics of students were identified. The resulting motivational profiles are clustered into five motivational groups, similar in sign values. The construction and analysis of multi-parameter classification were carried out via cluster analysis and neural network technologies. Clustering of motivational groups and the application of appropriate strategies for organizing independent work were realized at the Faculty of Computer Technologies and Applied Mathematics of Kuban State University. Results. The constructed neural network classifies the bachelor's motivational profile, assigns him a strategy for independent work, defining the specific values of the variable elements of the strategy. Strategies for organizing independent work have been established for clustered motivational groups. Conclusion. Construction and clustering of motivational profiles allows you to adjust individual strategies for independent learning of bachelors of applied mathematics, determine the values of variable elements and, as a result, not only develop professional skills, but also develop skills in organizing your own work process, resource allocation, and identifying work stages.

Educación sobre las disciplinas del dolor en las carreras de kinesiología en Chile: necesidad de un cambio

Pain is a major public health concern associated with emotional disorders and physical disability and generates increased sick leave and healthcare expenditures. However, despite its social impact and the high pain-related costs, the training of healthcare professionals, such as physical therapists, in pain management is insufficient, leading to an inadequate therapeutic approach. This study aimed to determine the existence of a specific program on pain within the curricula of physical therapy careers in accredited universities in Chile. Out of 40 physical therapy careers, we analyzed 38 curricula. None of them had a specific discipline on pain management in their curricula. Although there is no concrete definition of the best modality for pain education in undergraduate students, it has been shown that following the International Association for The Study of Pain curricula improves students' knowledge and awareness of pain management.

Educación sobre las disciplinas del dolor en las carreras de kinesiología en Chile: necesidad de un cambio

Pain is a major public health concern associated with emotional disorders and physical disability and generates increased sick leave and healthcare expenditures. However, despite its social impact and the high pain-related costs, the training of healthcare professionals, such as physical therapists, in pain management is insufficient, leading to an inadequate therapeutic approach. This study aimed to determine the existence of a specific program on pain within the curricula of physical therapy careers in accredited universities in Chile. Out of 40 physical therapy careers, we analyzed 38 curricula. None of them had a specific discipline on pain management in their curricula. Although there is no concrete definition of the best modality for pain education in undergraduate students, it has been shown that following the International Association for The Study of Pain curricula improves students' knowledge and awareness of pain management.

Epidemiological data and medical care situation of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases in Germany : Real-world evidence on prevalence, disease combinations, care

Chronic inflammatory diseases (immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, IMID) can overlap or occur simultaneously due to clinical similarities. The resulting utilization of heathcare structures has not yet been investigated across disciplines but is of potential importance for optimizing the treatment of patients with IMID. Analysis of epidemiological data including utilization of care services in patients with selected IMIDs: psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and connective tissue disease. In aretrospective cross-sectional analysis based on health insurances accounting data with asample of approximately 4million insured persons, the prevalence of the abovementioned IMID and the frequency of IMID combinations were analyzed based on documented diagnoses (ICD-10 GM). The frequency of hospitalizations and utilization of outpatient physician contacts was recorded in predefined specialist disciplines (general medicine, dermatology, gastroenterology, rheumatology) and compared with an age-adjusted and gender-adjusted reference population. Atotal of 188,440 patients had at least 1 of the IMID diagnoses analyzed (4.7%), with an age peak of 61-70years. The highest prevalence was observed for psoriasis (1.85%), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (1.38%). Combinations with at least one other IMID were relatively common (29%), with this being most common in patients with psoriatic arthritis (82.9%, of which 68.2% had psoriasis), followed by ankylosing spondylitis (27.5%) and Crohn's disease (21.6%). Compared to the reference population, patients with IMID were hospitalized more often and more frequently utilized the outpatient disciplines. The study results describe that IMIDs occur in combination and that the patients make comparatively more use of care structures of different disciplines. Amultidisciplinary approach could increase the efficiency of care; an evaluation is still pending.

Norman Fairclough's Thoughts on Linguistic Capitalism: The Technologization of Discourse and Language Management in Economy

The aim of this research is to re-examine Norman Fairclough's concepts of discourse, critical discourse on media, language, technology, and management. Despite capitalism historically bringing ideals in the name of economic improvement after the Second World War, in practice, the commodification of language and economy became inevitable. Therefore, it is crucial to incorporate Norman Fairclough's notion of critical awareness of political agendas within the language spectrum in the analysis. The language used is clear, concise, and objective, with a logical flow of information and causal connections between statements. This text presents a qualitative research method that involves collecting data from primary and secondary sources. The results demonstrate that Norman Fairclough's concept of language in the context of management, discourse, technology, music, and policy serves as a platform for discourse development and as a tool to resist the commodification of meaning and ideology in a multifaceted landscape. Furthermore, Fairclough's ideas have contributed to the critical development of discourse analysis, which not only applies to specific disciplines but also to conversations in the humanities.

Performance Comparison of ChatGPT-4 and Japanese Medical Residents in the General Medicine In-Training Examination: Comparison Study.

The reliability of GPT-4, a state-of-the-art expansive language model specializing in clinical reasoning and medical knowledge, remains largely unverified across non-English languages. This study aims to compare fundamental clinical competencies between Japanese residents and GPT-4 by using the General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE). We used the GPT-4 model provided by OpenAI and the GM-ITE examination questions for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 to conduct a comparative analysis. This analysis focused on evaluating the performance of individuals who were concluding their second year of residency in comparison to that of GPT-4. Given the current abilities of GPT-4, our study included only single-choice exam questions, excluding those involving audio, video, or image data. The assessment included 4 categories: general theory (professionalism and medical interviewing), symptomatology and clinical reasoning, physical examinations and clinical procedures, and specific diseases. Additionally, we categorized the questions into 7 specialty fields and 3 levels of difficulty, which were determined based on residents' correct response rates. Upon examination of 137 GM-ITE questions in Japanese, GPT-4 scores were significantly higher than the mean scores of residents (residents: 55.8%, GPT-4: 70.1%; P<.001). In terms of specific disciplines, GPT-4 scored 23.5 points higher in the "specific diseases," 30.9 points higher in "obstetrics and gynecology," and 26.1 points higher in "internal medicine." In contrast, GPT-4 scores in "medical interviewing and professionalism," "general practice," and "psychiatry" were lower than those of the residents, although this discrepancy was not statistically significant. Upon analyzing scores based on question difficulty, GPT-4 scores were 17.2 points lower for easy problems (P=.007) but were 25.4 and 24.4 points higher for normal and difficult problems, respectively (P<.001). In year-on-year comparisons, GPT-4 scores were 21.7 and 21.5 points higher in the 2020 (P=.01) and 2022 (P=.003) examinations, respectively, but only 3.5 points higher in the 2021 examinations (no significant difference). In the Japanese language, GPT-4 also outperformed the average medical residents in the GM-ITE test, originally designed for them. Specifically, GPT-4 demonstrated a tendency to score higher on difficult questions with low resident correct response rates and those demanding a more comprehensive understanding of diseases. However, GPT-4 scored comparatively lower on questions that residents could readily answer, such as those testing attitudes toward patients and professionalism, as well as those necessitating an understanding of context and communication. These findings highlight the strengths and limitations of artificial intelligence applications in medical education and practice.

Stream Clustering for Selection Recommendations Using K-Means Algorithm: A Case Study in the Informatics Study Program

Concentration Stream for a major is a process where students focus their attention on a specific discipline according to their interests. The purpose of specialization is to better orient students to the knowledge they have gained from previous courses, so that they can have a clearer focus. In the Informatics Engineering study program at Bina Darma University there are 3 concentrations, namely: Software Engineering, Network Engineering, Data Analytics. The absence of a system that helps students choose a major concentration makes it quite difficult for students to know their academic abilities. By looking at these problems, this research aims to build a Recommendation system for selecting Mk-Stream Concentrations using the K-Means grouping approach using the K-Means cluster method. Where student academic achievement data from the first semester to the 4th semester is used as a variable in the calculations.