Specific Definition Research Articles

Early prediction of Sepsis: A comparative assessment on patients’ covariates

The early prediction of Sepsis is a highly important task regarding its impact on the mortality ratio for ICU patients. The earlier the Sepsis occurrence is foreseen, the sooner the patient can have the chance to be intervened and the patient can be prevented from getting major organ damage. However, it is a challenging task for healthcare professionals even though they have expert knowledge and standardized prediction scoring systems. Therefore the machine learning models that evaluate the patients’ regularly measured covariates as features, and make predictions by utilizing them have been acknowledged and have gathered attention to automatize and improve the early prediction process. However, the nature of the problem of early prediction of Sepsis requires patients to make an estimation based on past measurements, and reliable estimation cannot be made with the use of instant measurement results alone. To this end, additional features obtained by recent measurements have been proposed to be involved in the machine learning model’s estimation process by basing a specific dataset with a specific definition of the illness. This study broadly evaluates the previously proposed features to measure the effectiveness of their single and joint use. Unlike the previous research, this evaluation was done by multiple datasets, different types of additional features, and various machine learning methods for validation purposes. Experimental results have proved that the proposed machine learning model has a significant effect on early prediction, and the best improvement is obtained with the XGBoost classifier. However, it should be noted that quantity, especially the quality of the features used to feed the model has a critical effect on the model’s performance. Consequently, using additional features enhances the model’s performance dramatically.

Definition of the binding specificity of the T7 bacteriophage primase by analysis of a protein binding microarray using a thermodynamic model.

Protein binding microarrays (PBM), SELEX, RNAcompeteand chromatin-immunoprecipitation have been intensively used to determine the specificity of nucleic acid binding proteins. While the specificity of proteins with pronounced sequence specificity is straightforward, the determination of the sequence specificity of proteins of modest sequence specificity is more difficult. In this work, an explorative data analysis workflow for nucleic acid binding data was developed that can be used by scientists that want to analyse their binding data. The workflow is based on a regressor realized in scikit-learn, the major machine learning module for the scripting language Python. The regressor is built on a thermodynamic model of nucleic acid binding and describes the sequence specificity with base- and position-specific energies. The regressor was used to determine the binding specificity of the T7 primase. For this, we reanalysed the binding data of the T7 primase obtained with a custom PBM. The binding specificity of the T7 primase agrees with the priming specificity (5'-GTC) and the template (5'-GGGTC) for the preferentially synthesized tetraribonucleotide primer (5'-pppACCC) but is more relaxed. The dominant contribution of two positions in the motif can be explained by the involvement of the initiating and elongating nucleotides for template binding.

Psychometric evaluation of the near activity visual questionnaire presbyopia (NAVQ-P) and additional patient-reported outcome items.

The Near Visual Acuity Questionnaire Presbyopia (NAVQ-P) is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that was developed in a phakic presbyopia population to assess near vision function impacts. The study refined and explored the psychometric properties and score interpretability of the NAVQ-P and additional PRO items assessing near vision correction independence (NVCI), near vision satisfaction (NVS), and near vision correction preference (NVCP). This was a psychometric validation study conducted using PRO data collected as part of a Phase IIb clinical trial (CUN8R44 A2202) consisting of 235 randomized adults with presbyopia from the US, Japan, Australia, and Canada. Data collected at baseline, week 2, and months 1, 2, and 3 during the 3-month trial treatment period were included in the analyses to assess item (question) properties, NAVQ-P dimensionality and scoring, reliability, validity, and score interpretation. Item responses were distributed across the full response scale for most NAVQ-P and additional PRO items. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the pre-defined unidimensional structure and calculation of a NAVQ-P total score as a measure of near vision function. Item deletion informed by item response distributions, dimensionality analyses, item response theory, and previous qualitative findings, including clinical input, supported retention of 14 NAVQ-P items. The 14-item NAVQ-P total score had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.979) and high test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients > = 0.898). There was good evidence of construct-related validity for all PROs supported by strong correlations with concurrent measures. Excellent results for known-groups validity and ability to detect change analyses were also demonstrated. Anchor-based and distribution-based methods supported interpretation of scores through generation of group-level and within-individual estimates of meaningful change thresholds. A meaningful within-patient change in the range of 8-15-point improvement on the NAVQ-P total score (score range 0-42) was recommended, including a more specific responder definition of 10-point improvement. The NAVQ-P, NVCI, and NVS are valid and reliable instruments which have the ability to detect change over time. Findings strongly support the use of these measures as outcome assessments in clinical/research studies and in clinical practice in the presbyopia population.

Defining remission in childhood-onset lupus: PReS-endorsed consensus definitions by an international task force

ObjectiveTo derive childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) specific remission definitions for future treat-to-target (T2T) trials, observational studies, and clinical practice. MethodsThe cSLE International T2T Task Force conducted Delphi surveys exploring paediatric perspectives on adult-onset SLE remission targets. A modified nominal group technique was used to discuss, refine, and agree on the cSLE remission target criteria. ResultsThe Task Force proposed two definitions of remission: ‘cSLE clinical remission on steroids (cCR)’ and ‘cSLE clinical remission off steroids (cCR-0)’. The common criteria are: (1) Clinical-SLEDAI-2 K = 0; (2) PGA score < 0.5 (0–3 scale); (4) stable antimalarials, immunosuppressive, and biologic therapy (changes due to side-effects, adherence, weight, or when building up to target dose allowed). Criterion (3) in cCR is the prednisolone dose ≤0.1 mg/kg/day (maximum 5 mg/day), whereas in cCR-0 it is zero. ConclusionscSLE definitions of remission have been proposed, maintaining sufficient alignment with the adult-SLE definition to facilitate life-course research.

Dada Bhagwan’s Insight on Intellect

In this paper the attempt has been made to clarify Dada Bhagwan’s concept of Intellect. Further, its difference and relation with the concept of faith, Knowledge, Prajna are also seen critically. The whole approach of Dada Bhagwan is analytical, critical as well as practical. Further, it should be noted that like Swaminarayana or Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Dada Bhagwan also narrated the metaphysical, epistemological or moral truths in very lucid and colloquial language and expressions. The highest noble truths are expressed by him with simple examples of day-to-day like. Thus, it can be said regarding the writings of Dada Bhagwan that an illiterate will find it easy to understand and a scholar will find complex reasoning in his writing. The paper comprises of the narration and clarifications of Dada Bhagwan’s theory of Akrama Vijnana. Here, fate and freedom of soul, emancipation of soul is discussed with reference to the use of intellect. Dada Bhagwan elaborately gives the specific definition of Faith, Fate, Freedom, Intellect, Knowledge, Decisive knowledge, Prajna etc. Further it is expressively seen in Dada Bhagwan’s writings that the whole effort is done not only for intellectual pleasure, but for the purpose of Sadhana or spiritual practices for the attainment of salvation. Firstly, we will see his basic brief concept of Akrama Vijnana according to Dada Bhagwan and then his detailed definitions, concepts and practices will be discussed, with his views on the necessity and limitations of intellect.

Comparative Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Screening With Blood-Based Biomarkers (Liquid Biopsy) vs Fecal Tests or Colonoscopy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is highly effective but underused. Blood-based biomarkers (liquid biopsy) could improve screening participation. Using our established Markov model, screening every 3 years with a blood-based test that meets minimum Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' thresholds (CMSmin) (CRC sensitivity 74%, specificity 90%) was compared with established alternatives. Test attributes were varied in sensitivity analyses. CMSmin reduced CRC incidence by 40% and CRC mortality by 52% vs no screening. These reductions were less profound than the 68%-79% and 73%-81%, respectively, achieved with multi-target stool DNA (Cologuard; Exact Sciences) every 3 years, annual fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), or colonoscopy every 10 years. Assuming the same cost as multi-target stool DNA, CMSmin cost $28,500/quality-adjusted life-year gained vs no screening, but FIT, colonoscopy, and multi-target stool DNA were less costly and more effective. CMSmin would match FIT's clinical outcomes if it achieved 1.4- to 1.8-fold FIT's participation rate. Advanced precancerous lesion (APL) sensitivity was a key determinant of a test's effectiveness. A paradigm-changing blood-based test (sensitivity >90% for CRC and 80% for APL; 90% specificity; cost ≤$120-$140) would be cost-effective vs FIT at comparable participation. CMSmin could contribute to CRC control by achieving screening in those who will not use established methods. Substituting blood-based testing for established effective CRC screening methods will require higher CRC and APL sensitivities that deliver programmatic benefits matching those of FIT. High APL sensitivity, which can result in CRC prevention, should be a top priority for screening test developers. APL detection should not be penalized by a definition of test specificity that focuses on CRC only.

Youth Sport Specialization: Current Concepts and Clinical Guides.

The concept of youth sport specialization has evolved over the past decade, from a focus on the risk of overuse injury to a broader awareness of its effects on mental health, social well-being, quality of life, growth and maturation, sport performance, and long-term athletic success. This review article considers a recently revised definition of youth sport specialization, as well as guidelines and consensus statements from various sports medicine organizations, with practical applications for young athletes.

Incorporation of Corporate Startup: A Definition, Challenge, and Future Research Agenda

Objective: A corporate startup is a business development initiative led by a company's employees, using the company's resources and with the support of top managers. It aims to address business problems that arise within the company. This study seeks to define a corporate startup, highlight its challenges, and identify areas for future research. Design/Methods/Approach: The method employed is a literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) paradigm, with systematic searches from a database of high-quality scientific journals indexed by Scopus (Q1 and Q2). Selected publications relevant to the theme will be reviewed, and data will be summarized. Findings: This study finds three challenges that occur for corporate startups, namely collaboration development with internal and external corporate startups, finding competent mentors for corporate startups, and resource management competency. Further research can be continued by discussing three things, namely identifying companies that practice corporate entrepreneurship and capturing qualitative and quantitative organizational designs to enable corporate entrepreneurship, more research on developing countries, and the creation of standard standards regarding the evaluation of startup corporate models in various companies across industries and countries. Originality/Value: This research is the first study to describe the definition of corporate startups obtained from various high-quality journals (Scopus Q1 and Q2), which discusses various applications of corporate startups worldwide, the majority in the form of case study studies. With various views on the applications in the industry through Case Studies, this research also explained a review of the challenges and agenda of research in the future Corporate Startup, originating from various practices over the past 20 years on four different continents. Practical/Policy implication: Companies can implement corporate startups by utilizing a model derived from this paper. This involves embracing specific definitions, addressing challenges proactively, and outlining future research directions based on the findings of this study. Academics can also apply future research agendas to subsequent research to develop research related to Corporate Startup.

Abstract P459: Data Harmonization Strategies and Results in 5 CVD Cohorts

Introduction: As part of IPD data analysis of racial/ethnic disparities in Heart Failure we sought to harmonize sociodemographic, lifestyle, physiologic, biomarkers, and co-morbid covariates and HF outcomes. This report shares our data harmonizing strategies, matching characteristics, common formats and compares for diabetes, the cohort specific (unmatched) prevalence and prospective association with heart failure and compares them to the harmonized variable (common format). Methods: Nine cohorts (ARIC, JHS, WHI, Health ABC, MESA, FOHS, CARDIA, REGARDS, CHS) data is being harmonized for 128 covariates and HF outcomes of HF, HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF. Twelve baseline variables ( age, sex, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, glucose, ECG, used identical formats and were completely matched. Seventy nine baseline variables (race, ethnicity, education, income, sleep, alcohol, CHD, DM, PAD, atrial fibrillation, etc) partially matched and a common format allowed for harmonization. Seventeen covariates (diet and physical activity) that measured the same construct but the questionnaires used differed enough that equipercentile equating was used to harmonize data. Results: In 64,114 participants from 5 cohorts, age range 20-95, mean age 62.7, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 10.5% using the common format, and 13.5% using cohort specific definitions. Prevalence varied by cohort from 7.9% to 23.4%. The harmonized prevalence differed by race and sex. The age, sex and race adjusted odds ratio for the prospective association with heart failure was OR=2.8, 95% CI 2.6,3.0. Sex and race specfic odds ratios differed by sex with females having a higher odds ratio, but were similar by race. Conclusion: Risk factors for heart failure are harmonizable in NIH CVD cohorts. Most variables are partially matched and require re-coding using a common format. Prevalence of DM varies by race and sex but association with HF only differs by sex.

Analytical Study of Ajna Kalpana from Charaka Samhita w.s.r to Swasthya Chatuska

Ayurveda Acharyas has come after a specific strategy in writing a treatise with respect to grammar and composition. Tantrayuktis, Nyayas, Arthashraya, Tachilya and Kalpanas are the tools that help to realize the complicated Sutras which have been explained in Samhita. Saptakalpanas expounded by Acharya Arunadatta in his Sarvanga Sundara commentary of Astangahrudayam. Saptakalpanas are having specific definitions and roles in understanding and analysing the different situations. The Saptakalpanas elucidate by Acharya Arunadatta are Pradhanasya Kalpana, Pradanena Kalpana, Guna Kalpana, Leshakalpana, Vidyakalpana, Bakshyakalpana and Ajna Kalpana. Ajna Kalpana is nothing but is the command or recommendation of a learned person regarding the code of conduct to which with or without specific reasoning is required. Not only Sadvrutta but in other instances also Acharyas recommended or advised the principles to be followed. In this article the role of Ajna Kalpana in understanding and analyzing the principles is noticed. Likewise many more references to find out in other Samhitas for further research to justify the Ajna kalpana.

Incidence of Lyme Borreliosis in Germany: A retrospective observational healthcare claims study

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick–borne disease in Germany. Although the incidence of LB in Germany has been assessed in several studies, those studies either used data from statutory surveillance, which frequently underreport cases, or data from health claims databases, which may overestimate cases due to non–specific LB case definitions. Here, using a more specific case definition, we describe the incidence of medically–attended LB by disease manifestation, age group, and federal state for the period 2015–2019. Both inpatient and outpatient cases were analyzed from a claims database. To be eligible for inclusion, patients were required to have an LB specific ICD–10 GM diagnosis code plus an antibiotic prescription, and for disseminated manifestations, a laboratory test order additionally. LB cases were classified as erythema migrans (EM), or disseminated disease including Lyme arthritis (LA), Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), and all other disease manifestations (OTH). Between 2015 and 2019, the incidence of medically–attended LB cases ranged from 195.7/100,000 population per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 191.0 – 200.5) to 254.5/100,000 population per year (95% CI, 249.0 – 260.0) per year. The majority of cases (92.2%) were EM, while 2.8% presented as LA, 3.8% as LNB, and 1.2% as OTH. For both EM and disseminated disease, the incidence peaked in children aged 5–9 years and in older adults. By federal state, the incidence of medically–attended EM ranged from 74.4/100,000 population per year (95% CI, 71.9 – 77.0) per year in Hamburg, to 394.1/100,000 population per year (95% CI, 370.7 – 417.6) per year in Saxony, whereas for medically–attended disseminated disease, the highest incidence was in Thuringia, Saxony, and Bavaria (range: 22.0 [95% CI, 19.9 – 24.0] to 35.7 [95% CI, 34.7 – 36.7] per 100,000 population per year). This study comprehensively estimated the incidence of all manifestations of medically–attended LB and showed a high incidence of LB throughout Germany. Results from the study support performing epidemiological studies in all federal states to measure the burden of LB and to invest in public health interventions for prevention.

Interpretative Issues Arising from the Definitions of Permanent Establishments under the GloBE Model Rules

The GloBE Model Rules on Pillar Two contain certain specific definitions of permanent establishments, which apply depending on the features of the foreign place of business of a given enterprise. The definitions refer to treaty law, but the meaning and the effect of those references are not always entirely clear.

Evaluation of Voltage Unbalance Definitions for Voltage Control in Distribution Systems with Photovoltaic Penetration

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of different voltage unbalance definitions on voltage control in unbalanced distribution systems. Traditional voltage regulation methods for unbalanced systems rely on a single voltage unbalance definition with inconsistent adoptions. In such a situation, voltage control performance can vary between definitions, and improper choice leads to control failures. In this study, we perform numerical analysis and simulations to investigate the impact of different definitions. In the numerical analysis, two definitions quantifying negative and zero sequence components are used as reference definitions, and the theoretical error range of the remaining definitions is identified. The results are further verified by the simulations on the IEEE 123 node test system with phase‐by‐phase controlled three‐phase step voltage regulators and smart photovoltaic inverters. The control of the devices is optimized to minimize or limit a specific definition. The results show that the values of each definition at the same voltage condition can differ significantly, and inappropriate definitions may lead to significant uncertainty in the voltage control. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Reasoning on Pore Terminology in 3D Bioprinting.

Terminology is pivotal for facilitating clear communication and minimizing ambiguity, especially in specialized fields such as chemistry. In materials science, a subset of chemistry, the term "pore" is traditionally linked to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature, which categorizes pores into "micro", "meso", and "macro" based on size. However, applying this terminology in closely-related areas, such as 3D bioprinting, often leads to confusion owing to the lack of consensus on specific definitions and classifications tailored to each field. This review article critically examines the current use of pore terminology in the context of 3D bioprinting, highlighting the need for reassessment to avoid potential misunderstandings. We propose an alternative classification that aligns more closely with the specific requirements of bioprinting, suggesting a tentative size-based division of interconnected pores into 'parvo'-(d < 25 µm), 'medio'-(25 < d < 100 µm), and 'magno'-(d > 100 µm) pores, relying on the current understanding of the pore size role in tissue formation. The introduction of field-specific terminology for pore sizes in 3D bioprinting is essential to enhance the clarity and precision of research communication. This represents a step toward a more cohesive and specialized lexicon that aligns with the unique aspects of bioprinting and tissue engineering.

Identifying Ontarians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Administrative Data: A Comparison of Two Case Definitions.

This study compared two previously validated sensitive and specific diabetes case definitions to explore the impact of different classification methods in Ontario ICES administrative data. This study included patients captured by the Ontario Diabetes Database with type 2 diabetes using either the sensitive cohort definition (≥ 2 physician visits for diabetes within 1year or ≥ 1 drug claim for diabetes or ≥ 1 hospitalization with diabetes), or the specific cohort definition (≥ 3 physician visits for diabetes within 1year), between October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2015. Each cohort's demographic and clinical features were described using descriptive analysis. Using sensitive and specific definitions, 1,093,812 and 783,228 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified, respectively. Overall, the demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between cohorts. Patients in the sensitive cohort had mean age of 64.1years and were 52.4% male, compared to 64.8years and 53.6% male in the specific cohort. In the sensitive and specific cohorts respectively, 64.4% and 55.7% of patients reported one-year mean HbA1c of < 7% (53mmol/mol) and 25.3% and 31.5% reported levels between 7.0-8.5% (53-69mmol/mol). Although sample sizes were different between sensitive and specific cohorts, demographic and clinical characteristics were similar.

Introducing Hypothesis Descriptions

Hypotheses play a central role in the scientific process, yet the way they are introduced often leaves much room for interpretation, which makes it difficult to use them later on: to study and test them, to delineate their scope and to explore the relationships they have to other hypotheses or concepts, to datasets, methodologies or other resources. Here, we introduce a new article type in RIO that is dedicated to them: Hypothesis Descriptions. Such articles combine a specific verbal definition of a hypothesis with a concise description of its components and provide pointers to prior work as well as alignments with formal ways of knowledge representation, optionally including relevant nanopublications. With this format, we aim to facilitate the study of hypotheses in and of themselves, to improve their testability along with the documentation and interpretability of such tests, and to stimulate efforts towards standardization and automation in this space.

Identification and Assessment of Outcome Measurement Instruments in Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

This was a systematic review of surgically managed Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) Outcome Measurement Instruments (OMI). A core outcome set (COS) defines agreed outcomes which should be reported as a minimum in any research study for a specific condition. This study identified OMIs used in the wider CES literature and compare these to the established CESCOS. To identify measurement methods and instruments in the CES surgical outcome evidence base, a systematic review was performed. Medline, Embase and CINAHL plus databases were queried. In addition, a secondary search for validation studies of measurement instruments in CES was undertaken. Identified studies from this search were subject to the COSMIN risk of bias assessment. In total, 112 studies were identified investigating surgical outcomes for CES. The majority (80%, n = 90) of these OMI studies were retrospective in nature and only 55% (n = 62) utilised a measurement method or instrument. The remaining 50 studies used study specific definitions for surgical outcomes defined within their methods. Of the 59 measurement instruments identified, 60% (n = 38 instruments) were patient reported outcome measures. Only one validated instrument was identified, which was a patient reported outcome measure. The validated instrument was not used in any study identified in the initial search (to identify measurement instruments). This review highlights the wide heterogeneity of measurement instruments used in surgically managed CES research. Subsequently, there is need for consensus agreement on which instrument or instruments should be used to measure each core outcome for CES surgical outcomes.

Uncovering the Challenges of Rare Diseases: Insights From a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Albania (2005-2022).

Diagnosing and treating rare diseases pose significant challenges within global healthcare systems due to their low prevalence and varying criteria for defining them. In Albania, the absence of a dedicated registry for rare diseases exacerbates these challenges. Recognising this gap, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2005 to December 2022 to analyse the incidence and prevalence of rare haematologic diseases in the country, diagnosed in the Hematology Service at the University Hospital Centre "Mother Teresa," which is the sole diagnostic center for blood diseases in Albania. This study aims to provide insights into the frequency of these diseases within the adult Albanian population and seeks to underscore the critical need for improved data collection and research in this field of healthcare. The primary objective of this study is to assess the incidence and prevalence of rare hematologic diseases diagnosed at the Hematology Service of the University Hospital Centre "Mother Teresa" in Albania from January 2005 to December 2022. This retrospective cross-sectional study employed a descriptive study design, focusing on the analysis of rare hematologicdisease incidence and prevalence. The study was conducted exclusively at the University Hospital Centre "Mother Teresa" in Albania, the primary diagnostic center for blood-related disorders in the country. Data collection spanned a period of 18 years, from January 2005 to December 2022, encompassing patient records. Inclusion criteria encompassed adult patients aged 15 years and older who had received diagnoses of rare hematologic diseases during the specified timeframe, without specific operational definitions applied. Non-probability convenience sampling was used, including all eligible cases identified within the study's timeframe, obviating the need for formal sample size calculation. Data were extracted from the records of the Hematology Service at the University Hospital Centre "Mother Teresa," primarily using medical records containing essential patientinformation. Data analysis utilised software such as EXCEL 16.0 and SPSS (v. 25.0), applying descriptive statistical methods, including frequencies and percentages, to assess the incidence and prevalence of rare hematologic diseases. The study's findings were summarised and presented in a tabular format to provide a clear and concise overview of the results. Our study identified 64 cases of rare hematologic diseases among adults. Notably, primary myelofibrosis (MF) exhibited the highest incidence andprevalence rate, followed byWaldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and Gaucher disease (GD) emerging as the most prevalent diagnoses after MF, with 16 and 10 cases, respectively. Several ultra-rare diseases, such as Fanconi anemia and chronic eosinophilic leukemia, were also detected, indicating a significant disease burden, while diseases such as Factor X deficiency and Niemann-Pick disease type C were exceptionally rare. Diagnosing and treating rare diseases remain formidable challenges in healthcare systems worldwide. This study underscores the need for enhanced awareness, research, and thepressing need for dedicated registries, collaborative research initiatives, and heightened attention to these conditions to enhance our understanding and management of rare hematological diseases, particularly within the Albanian healthcare context.

Экологическая миграция: добровольный переезд или вынужденная мера — конституционно-правовые аспекты

The purpose of the article is that it is devoted to environmental migration as one of the factors in the well-being of citizens' lives. The author identifies problems associated with forced migration of the population due to ongoing natural disasters. The study offers the author's definitions of voluntary and forced migration. A comparison is made of economic, social, and political factors that have both a positive and negative impact on migration flows. This phenomenon, caused by numerous factors, contributes to the active movement of citizens both within a particular state and moving to others. The legal nature of environmental migration indicates its versatility, but despite this, today there is no specific definition of what should be understood by it. The definitions of researchers of the problem we have identified boil down to the fact that people leaving their places of residence voluntarily/forcedly focus on expected or already occurring natural disasters (droughts, floods, earthquakes, etc.). It is concluded that the definition of environmental migration is not fully formed in the doctrine of environmental law, which today causes legal uncertainty.

ԱՆՁԻ ՍՈՑԻԱԼ-ՀՈԳԵԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՐՄԱՐՄԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐԸ ԱՐԴԻ ՄԱՐՏԱՀՐԱՎԵՐՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ / THE PHENOMENON OF SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF A PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

The purpose of this article is to analyze the theoretical underpinnings of socialpsychological adaptation. One of our tasks is to identify the concepts and characteristics of various types of adaptation through scientific inquiry employing a pre-subject approach. Adaptation is recognized as a pivotal process in the normal, harmonious development and life activity of individuals. This study was carried out using the method of theoretical analysis of literature.The central issue is examined within the framework of diverse psychological perspectives, with particular emphasis on both fundamental and specific definitions. According to significant social, economic, and political changes and challenges of our time, this study holds immense importance. It places an individual at the forefront of active life changes, fostering innovation and personal growth. Another task of our study is to observe the person in a new environment, to bring out the forms of social-psychological adaptation of the person. The article concludes that during the adaptation, individuals not only engage as active participants in changes but also become integral members of groups, embracing and embodying group norms and expectations. It is a process that is characteristic of every person in different situations and conditions of life. All this happens with the internal and external changes of the person.