Specific Communication Research Articles

Genetically Predicted Peripheral Immune Cells Mediate the Effect of Gut Microbiota on Influenza Susceptibility.

The communication mechanism of the gut-lung axis has received increasing attention in recent years, particularly in acute respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. The peripheral immune system serves as a crucial bridge between the gut and the lungs, two organs that are not in close proximity to each other. However, the specific communication mechanism involving gut microbiota, immune cells, and their anti-influenza effects in the lung remains to be further elucidated. In this study, the effects of 731 species of peripheral immune cells and 211 different gut microbiota on influenza outcomes were analyzed using a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. After identifying specific species of gut microbiota and peripheral immune cells associated with influenza outcomes, mediation analyses were conducted to determine the mediating effects of specific immune cells in the protective or injurious effects of influenza mediated by gut microbiota. 19 species of gut microbiota and 75 types of peripheral immune cells were identified as being associated with influenza susceptibility. After rigorous screening, 12 combinations were analyzed for mediated effects. Notably, the down-regulation of CD64 on CD14- CD16- cells mediated 21.10% and 18.55% of the protective effect of Alcaligenaceae and Dorea against influenza, respectively. In conclusion, focusing on influenza, this study genetically inferred different types of gut microbiota and peripheral immune cells to determine their protective or risk factors. Furthermore, mediation analysis was used to determine the proportion of mediating effects of peripheral immune cells in gut microbiota-mediated susceptibility to influenza. This helps elucidate the gut-lung axis mechanism by which gut microbiota affects influenza susceptibility from the perspective of regulation of peripheral immune cells.

Natural Language Processing and Schizophrenia: A Scoping Review of Uses and Challenges.

(1) Background: Approximately 1% of the global population is affected by schizophrenia, a disorder marked by cognitive deficits, delusions, hallucinations, and language issues. It is associated with genetic, neurological, and environmental factors, and linked to dopaminergic hyperactivity and neurotransmitter imbalances. Recent research reveals that patients exhibit significant language impairments, such as reduced verbal output and fluency. Advances in machine learning and natural language processing show potential for early diagnosis and personalized treatments, but additional research is required for the practical application and interpretation of such technology. The objective of this study is to explore the applications of natural language processing in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. (2) Methods: A scoping review was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo. The search strategy utilized a combination of text words and subject headings, focusing on schizophrenia and natural language processing. Systematically extracted information included authors, population, primary uses of the natural language processing algorithms, main outcomes, and limitations. The quality of the identified studies was assessed. (3) Results: A total of 516 eligible articles were identified, from which 478 studies were excluded based on the first analysis of titles and abstracts. Of the remaining 38 studies, 18 were selected as part of this scoping review. The following six main uses of natural language processing were identified: diagnostic and predictive modeling, followed by specific linguistic phenomena, speech and communication analysis, social media and online content analysis, clinical and cognitive assessment, and linguistic feature analysis. (4) Conclusions: This review highlights the main uses of natural language processing in the field of schizophrenia and the need for more studies to validate the effectiveness of natural language processing in diagnosing and treating schizophrenia.

Skaitmeninio socialumo fenomenologijos link: dvi perspektyvos

The phenomenology of sociality responds to the dilemma of other minds by presuming the primordially intersubjective and embodied nature of intentional communicative acts. I propose, then, to consider the phenomenology of digital sociality as the field of research dedicated to investigate the specificity of the nature of intersubjectivity and embodiment constituted by digital communication media. By dividing the discussed variety of descriptive phenomenological accounts regarding digitally mediated embodied relationships (including Shanyang Zhao, Lucy Osler and Dan Zahavi, Rebecca A. Hardesty and Ben Sheredos and others) into the trajectories of extension (digitally mediated communication as the eidetic variation of generally embodied communicative acts) and pluralism (epistemology as well as ontology and socially normative practices intrinsic to the specific digital communication platform) I aim to demonstrate the topical tendencies and explanatory strategies that are developed in the attempts to deliver digital communication platform-sensitive phenomenological descriptions, often with the help of Alfred Schutz’s and Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s concepts.

Phenotyping variability in early socio-communicative skills in young children with autism and its influence on later development.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often face challenges in early social communication skills, prompting the need for a detailed exploration of specific behaviors and their impact on cognitive and adaptive functioning. This study aims to address this gap by examining the developmental trajectories of early social communication skills in preschoolers with ASD aged 18-60 months, comparing them to age-matched typically developing (TD) children. Utilizing the early social communication scales (ESCS), the research employs a longitudinal design to capture changes over time. We apply a principal component analysis (PCA) to ESCS variables to identify underlying components, and cluster analysis to identify subgroups based on preverbal communication profiles. The results reveal consistent differences in early social communication skills between ASD and TD children, with ASD children exhibiting reduced skills. PCA identifies two components, distinguishing objects-directed behaviors and social interaction-directed behaviors. Cluster analysis identifies three subgroups of autistic children, each displaying specific communication profiles associated with distinct cognitive and adaptive functioning trajectories. In conclusion, this study provides a nuanced understanding of early social communication development in ASD, emphasizing the importance of low-level behaviors. The identification of subgroups and their unique trajectories contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of ASD heterogeneity. These findings underscore the significance of early diagnosis, focusing on specific behaviors predicting cognitive and adaptive functioning outcomes. The study encourages further research to explore the sequential development of these skills, offering valuable insights for interventions and support strategies.

Investigating genetic counselors' communication with Lynch syndrome patients about cascade testing: Barriers, facilitators, and strategies.

Cascade testing is an imperative process to engage Lynch syndrome patients' at-risk relatives in early cancer risk reduction interventions. How genetic counselors communicate about cascade testing is crucial to patients' intentions of and actual involvement in family communication. Based on data from 20 interviews with genetic counselors, this qualitative study examined their perceptions of barriers and facilitators of offering cascade testing to at-risk relatives and the specific communication strategies they use to discuss cascade testing with patients. We identified patient-level, genetic counselor-level, and system-level barriers and facilitators of having discussions with Lynch syndrome patients about cascade testing. The qualitative data also revealed four prominent communication strategies that genetic counselors use for such discussions: build rapport, reframe the benefits of family communication, adapt communication, and provide various resources. These findings highlight genetic counselors' needs of practical and structural support to facilitate their communication about cascade testing, especially when patients are hesitant or lack resources or skills to notify at-risk relatives about cascade testing.

Public Communication for Effective Service Delivery to Refugees in Uganda. The Case of Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement

This study argues that Public Communication in Refugee Settlements, when managed professionally and structurally with a deliberate open feedback mechanism for the end-users of services provided by the government and its development partners, could be a great tool for the evaluation and enhancement of public services provided in Refugee Settlements. The study analyses the education and health sectors as parameters for the government’s service delivery in the case of the Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement. Taking a qualitative research methodology approach with the case of Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement, the study found that the Uganda Refugees Act (2006), which authorises service provision by the government to the refugees, has no specific public communication strategy or policy clearly spelled as a communication framework to support service provision feedback. Therefore, the study recommends a direct public engagement communication strategy involving refugees and relevant stakeholders in the public service provision with the ultimate goal of improving service delivery at Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement

Deep Learning-Based Hybrid Precoding Approach in the Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output System

Precoding is a critical signal processing technique used in wireless communication systems to enhance transmission performance. This paper initially provides a brief overview of various conventional precoding algorithms. The exploration includes various nonlinear precoding algorithms which outperform linear techniques in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. Moreover, the paper delves into practical considerations and provides insights into selecting the most suitable technique for specific communication scenarios. The deep learning-based hybrid precoder is designed using the MDL-AltMin algorithm and simulated results show a spectral efficiency of (SE) 40.96 dB compared with different precoding algorithms. The precoder model is modified with a Hybrid Precoding Net algorithm with a spectral efficiency of 21.07 dB for high values of SNR such as −30 and again compared with deep learning precoders. The HPNet model is proposed with a spectral efficiency of 23.04 dB with and without CSI (Channel State Information) at the transmitter. Furthermore, the HPNet model is compared with optimal digital precoders.

Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder and Paediatric Dentistry

Aim: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) restlessness one of the most frequently diagnosed neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral disorders in children, with a higher incidence observed in boys compared to girls. The fundamental characteristics of ADHD include three main symptoms: pronounced lack of attention, excessive hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviour. Materials and Methods: The diagnostic process for ADHD is complex and multidimensional, involving a thorough analysis of behaviour, collection of extensive and detailed information, comprehensive evaluation of the child’s developmental history, and intensive collaboration between various specialists, including educators, psychologists, paediatricians, dentists as well as active participation of parents or guardians. With the increasing number of diagnosed cases of ADHD globally, it becomes increasingly important to timely recognize the symptoms and symptomatology of the disorder and to apply appropriate therapeutic strategies and treatment methods tailored to the individual needs of each child. Results: Dental care requires special attention in the context of ADHD. Children with ADHD face greater challenges in maintaining oral hygiene, leading to an increased risk of dental caries, more frequent oral traumas, and generally poorer oral health conditions. Conclusion: It is crucial to ensure a tailored approach during dental treatment, which may include establishing special communication and techniques adapted to the child, as well as increasing the frequency of preventive check-ups and interventions to preserve and enhance oral health.

Effective parental strategies against problematic smartphone use among adolescents: A 6-month prospective study

Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) among adolescents is growing problem worldwide and multiple studies investigated its associated parental risk and protective factors. The available studies, however, typically do not address the multidimensional nature of PSU. They also rely heavily on cross-sectional designs with a small number of potentially contributing variables. This 6-month prospective study examines the relationships between a large range of parental factors with the three known dimensions of PSU: social environment pressure, emotional gain, and addiction-like behaviors. Specifically the study examines whether, and to what extent, the various dimensions of current and future PSU are related to parental support giving, general quality of communication, specific communication about smartphone use, and the four common mediation strategies. The sample comprised 1187 triads of mothers, fathers, and adolescents. The data-analysis pipeline consisted of three consecutive phases: (1) analyses of parental factors at baseline, (2) analyses of parental factors change over 6-months, and (3) interaction analyses between parental factors and the time-period of the study. The pipeline elicited three factors that moderated the change in PSU over time: Communication about smartphones with mothers, parental support giving, and parental co-use. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the existing literature and the familial, microsystem theoretical framework. Altogether, this prospective study scrutinized key parental factors and strategies that could be utilized by parents for coping with one of the most difficult parenting challenges of the digital era. Further research may build upon these findings to develop designated interventions to reduce PSU.

Implementing a Uniform Outcome Measurement Approach for Early Interventions of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder show evidence for effectiveness for specific social communication targets such as joint attention or engagement. However, combining evidence from different studies and comparing intervention effects across those studies have not been feasible due to lack of a standardized outcome measure of broader social communication skills that can be applied uniformly across trials. This investigation examined the usefulness of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC) as a common outcome measure of general social communication skills based on secondary analyses of data obtained from previously conducted randomized controlled trials of 3 intervention models, Early Social Intervention (ESI), Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) and Joint Attention Symbolic Play Engagement and Regulation (JASPER). The subset of datasets from the 3 randomized controlled trials was created to examine differences in the BOSCC scores between intervention and control groups over the course of the interventions. Based on 582 videos from 207 caregiver-child dyads, the BOSCC noted significant differences between intervention vs control groups in broad social communication skills within 2 of the 3 intervention models, which were longer in duration and focused on a broad range of developmental skills. The BOSCC offers the potential to take a uniform measurement approach across different intervention models to capture the effect of intervention on general social communication skills but may not pick up the effects of some brief interventions targeting proximal outcomes. Comparing Parent-Implemented Interventions for Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders; https://www. gov/; NCT00760812. Intensive Intervention for Toddlers With Autism (EARLY STEPS); https://www. gov/; NCT00698997. Social and Communication Outcomes for Young Children With Autism; https://www. gov/; NCT00953095.

Research on Intelligent Water Treatment Strategy based on DCS Control System

Abstract In a capacity renovation project, the new DCS system as the equipment control system, and the existing AB 1756 series PLC system, there are two control systems bi-directional signal monitoring problems. This paper compares two methods of monitoring bi-directional data transmission, and analyzes and verifies the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. From the perspective of reliability and safety of implementation, a protocol special communication card was added in the PLC controller card slot of desalination plant, and added a protocol-specific communication card to the PLC system card slot of the secondary reverse osmosis and EDI units. The actual project verification shows that this method can ensure reliability and safety performance while realizing functions.

Multichannel direct communication based on a programmable topological plasmonic metasurface

With the gradual improvement of the future wireless communication technology, the demand for high information capacity and reliable links in communication systems is also ever-increasing. Programmable topological plasmonic metasurfaces, consisting of artificially engineered structures with robust propagation pathways control, have emerged as a revolutionary technology for stable microwave and on-chip communication systems. Programmable topological plasmonic metasurfaces offer unprecedented flexibility and adaptability in managing multiple communication channels as the propagation paths can be easily reconfigured to meet specific communication requirements. Here, we have experimentally demonstrated the ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic waves along eight distinct topological pathways for a multichannel direct communication system. The simulation results of topological plasmonic metasurfaces with different coding schemes have showcased their excellent performance in multichannel wavefront control. Experimental results have consistently aligned with the simulation findings, validating the effectiveness of multichannel topological routes. Furthermore, an eight-channel direct communication system based on a programmable topological plasmonic metasurface is designed and implemented to transmit different information. The proposed multichannel communication system based on a programmable topological plasmonic metasurface opens up new possibilities for high-capacity, efficient, and adaptive communication systems, which hold great potential in transformative applications in areas such as 6G, Internet of Things, and beyond.

Scoping communication training in undergraduate children’s nursing programmes: A mixed method study examining delivery methods and content

AimThe aim of this study was to scope communication curriculum reported as currently being delivered within undergraduate children’s nursing programmes across the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. BackgroundCommunication between a children’s nurse and a child/young person influences a child/young person’s healthcare experience. Despite an identified need for a comprehensive and effective communication curriculum within undergraduate nursing, there is a notable gap of understanding of the delivery and content of communication training within children’s nursing curricula. DesignA mixed method, online anonymous self-report survey design was adopted. MethodsProgramme Leads of undergraduate children’s nursing programmes in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom were asked to report on how communication training is delivered to students on undergraduate children's nursing programmes. The Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS) was used for the reporting of this study. ResultsThirty-two programme leads completed the survey (51 % response rate). Findings show variability in the delivery and content of communication training across Higher Educational Institutions. Core communication modules featured across all nursing programmes, however, only two programme leads reported delivering standalone child-centred communication modules. Communication training was not always delivered by an educator with professional experience of children and young people in healthcare. Curriculum capacity had an impact on the delivery of communication training, with clinical practice being relied on to supplement child specific communication training. Programme leads highlighted the need for greater inclusion of child voice in shaping and delivering undergraduate children’s nurse education. ConclusionsThis study shows that while communication is covered as a core part of the undergraduate nursing curriculum across the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, it generally lacks a focus on children and young people and is not always supported by educators with professional experience of children and young people in healthcare. More work needs to focus on equipping undergraduate children’s nurses with the unique skills needed to communicate effectively with children and young people and incorporate learnings into nursing pedagogy.

Re-designing ESP Syllabus Design for Pre-Service Teachers in the Physical Education of Elementary Teacher Programs

Technology-cultivated learning opens opportunities to acquire knowledge from various resources. However, languages become a barrier for non-English major students. ESP allows students to familiarise their English with their specific subject. Nevertheless, less research develops PE lessons that integrate specific sports vocabulary and communication skills relevant to the activity. Thus, this study aims to explore the needs of the Physical Education of Elementary Teacher Program (PE-ETP) pre-service teachers. One hundred eighty-eight students participated in this study. The survey, focus group discussion, and interview formulated the findings. The result shows that 42% (80 participants) considered ESP very important as part of the curriculum. 56% (105 participants) consider it essential. Only 2% (3 participants) stated that ESP is not important and cannot be part of the curriculum. Further, eight possible topics were offered in developing ESP courses for the PE-ETP. The topics are teaching PE using English (92.02%), academic English for sports (87.77%), athlete communications (86.70%), referee communications (87.77%), coach communications (90.96%), sports category (91.49%), sports terms (92.55%) and Physiology terms (88.83%). The topics can be developed into specific course units in syllabus design.

Bidirectional Braille-speech Communication System for Deafblind Students

Deafblindness is a type of dual disability wherein both visual and auditory capabilities are significantly impaired. Special communication methods have been developed for the deafblind community, yet these methods require that both people involved have prior knowledge and training to successfully communicate; limiting deafblind people’s social interactions, particularly in academic settings. This paper describes the development of a device that enables two-way communication between a severe to profoundly deafblind user and a hearing person with no prior knowledge of Braille and no additional intermediaries. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) scheme for speech recognition was designed and implemented along with the development of an algorithm capable of developing both text-to-speech and Finger-Braille-to-text conversion. Lastly, a system integration via 3D modelling and additive manufacturing was carried out to deliver a functional prototype. The resulting device aims to allow deafblind students to send and receive information entirely in finger Braille, using buttons and vibrotactile feedback, while the hearing tutor receives auditory messages and speaks to reply, making the educational experience as familiar as possible for both parties. Users testing the device achieved an average typing accuracy of over 95% and demonstrated understanding of commands transmitted through the device’s components.

Radical socialization? Analysis of the secondary socialization process in the table tennis environment

The article is devoted to the analysis of the secondary socialization process in the table tennis environment. Sports communities represent a specific case study in this context because the secondary socialization processes occurring in them seem more radical. The sports environment is characterized by highly specific features and values conveyed, and interest in this phenomenon may be heightened because sports are a relatively less studied area in terms of their socialization impact on individuals. The main goal of the text is to analyse the specificity of the table tennis environment as a secondary socialization environment. More specific goals include issues related to the specific bonds and relationships formed in such an environment, the specific communication system (slang and characteristic meanings), and the impact of the sports environment on the relations of table tennis players with the world outside of sports. The qualitative analysis allowed for discovering unique patterns that characterize the socialization process in the sports environment. Among these patterns is the blurring of boundaries between values acquired in the sports environment and the external world, as the respondents transferred sports principles to everyday life practices. The totality of socialization in the sports environment also influences the formation of a specific “socialization bubble” and problems in establishing relationships with people not belonging to the sports world: the sports environment became, for many respondents, a reality in itself, generating bonds, rules, and communication patterns for its participants.

Stakeholder Perspectives on the Role of Social Media in Urban Green Space, Land Management, and Resilience in Gilgit-Baltistan

The primary focus of this study is to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on how social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter influence land management practices and community engagement. Employing a qualitative methodology, this research delves into the complex interactions facilitated by social media, using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to communication, collaboration, empowerment, and awareness-raising among stakeholders such as local authorities, community members, environmental activists, and urban planners. The findings reveal that social media significantly enhances transparent communication channels, fosters collaboration among stakeholders, empowers local communities, and raises awareness about the importance of urban green spaces. However, challenges such as connectivity and literacy barriers persist, alongside opportunities for greater involvement and innovation. This study emphasizes the critical role of digital platforms in advancing sustainable land management practices, offering valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and community stakeholders. Future research should explore specific communication strategies, the impact of social influencers, and the integration of emerging technologies in urban planning. Ultimately, this research contributes to the understanding of how social media can support the development of environmentally friendly and resilient communities.

INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY USAGE IN THE FUTURE TRANSLATORS’ TRAINING AS A PLEDGE OF SUCCESSFUL INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION

The article considers the issue and expediency of organizing interactive training in the process of future translators’ training for intercultural interaction in Ukrainian higher education institutions. The article aims to investigate and define the essence and specifics of interactive technologies in the educational process; to establish the conditions for their use in forming the professional identity and skills in the training of translators as specialists in intercultural communication. The research used content and terminological analysis, comparison, classification, and modelling methods. It has been proven that interactive learning is of crucial significance to the high-quality professional training of translators; it has highlighted its positive impact on preparing future translators for cross- cultural communication in their professional activities. The concept, essence, and specifics of interactive technologies in the educational process have been investigated and defined. The criteria for selecting interactive technologies according to the educational conditions have been identified. It has been determined that the peculiarities of the subject, the nature of the study material, the time allocated for studying the material, the general preparedness level of the learners, and the educational institution’s resources should be taken into account. It has been established that most interactive methods are most effective with a small number of participants. Classifications and interactive teaching methods that effectively contribute to the professional competence of future translators have been examined. The conditions for the successful use of interactive methods in forming the professional identity and skills in the training of translators as specialists in intercultural communication have been defined. It has been established that the application of interactive methods will contribute to forming a comprehensive understanding of the future profession among future philologists. The significance of the cultural aspect in translation activities has been outlined, ensuring acquisition of a set of knowledge and skills necessary to enhance the communicative culture of future translators. The article considers four groups depending on the course purpose and the forms of organizing educational activities of those who study: interactive technologies of cooperative learning, technologies of situational modelling, interactive technologies of collective and group learning, and technologies for working out discussion issues. Some of the most common interactive learning methods in the future specialists’ training in higher education institutions, the following were highlighted: dialogic-discussion (dialogue-conversation, dispute, debate), interactive (brainstorming, round table, role-playing game, online seminar-forum), practical (exercises, blitz tournament, creative works), and situational ones (problem situations, situational exercises, cases). Their usage has been analysed in conducting specialized disciplines of philology students. It has been argued that that thanks to the use of interactive methods it is possible to activate cognitive processes, increase the speed of obtaining and processing information; develop the ability to analyse difficult situations and prevent their occurrence, which in the future will form readiness for making important decisions in professional activities. Several advantages of interactive learning have been substantiated, and the effectiveness of interactive methods in improving the level of professional competence of future translators has been proven. Following European educational standards, labour market requirements, and modern realities, the necessity of implementing interactive technologies in translator training for the successful modernisation of the educational process in the domestic higher education system has been demonstrated. It has been concluded that interactive teaching methods have significant advantages compared to traditional teaching methods, primarily in terms of their impact on the professional and personal development of future translators, as well as their understanding of the theory and practice of intercultural interaction.

Synthesis of the model of management of complex dynamic objects taking into account the events of their security

The rapid development of complex, decentralized, non-linear technical structures - robotic means urgently requires the creation of an optimal algorithmic support for an automatic situational control system of such dynamic objects, taking into account the possibility of increasing the safety of their operation. This will be a guarantee, and as a result, a significant increase in the efficiency and quality of the tasks assigned by the specified technical structures. For the practical implementation of this task, it is advisable to comprehensively consider the nonlinear model of the processes of changing the state of a complex dynamic object. It is advisable to take into account the possibility of operational automatic compensation of dangerous incidents. Such a model will become the basis for the synthesis of nonlinear synergistic situational laws of management of these structures. The difference of the proposed approach is the consideration of the influence of intensive variations of incident flows in the state management laws of nonlinear dynamic objects. Emphasis on promising areas of research, namely: the application of the obtained results to justify the requirements for the design characteristics of control systems and their algorithmic support from the point of view not only of increasing their safety of operation, but also of ensuring the specified performance indicators of a wide range of possible tasks. One of these tasks is the provision of departmental communication (for the collection, processing, storage, protection of information and its operational transmission) in the case of the use of dynamic objects as mobile aerial platforms (unmanned aerial systems (UAVs)) for the placement of special electronic communications devices.

Scientific and Ethical Principles as a Basis for the Training of a Media Communication Specialist in the Digital Age

Scientific and Ethical Principles as a Basis for the Training of a Media Communication Specialist in the Digital Age