Specific Ability Research Articles

Biomineralization–powered integrated immunoprobe and its application in Immunochromatographic assay

Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) has attracted widespread attention owing to its advantages of economy, simplicity, and rapidity. However, the synthesis of immunoprobes is still limited by complicated design ideas and multistep operations from preparing nanoparticles to conjugating monoclonal antibodies (mAb) onto nanoparticles. Inspired by the biomineralization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), we proposed a strategy for the rapid synthesis of an integrated immunoprobe (ZIF-8@QDs-mAb), achieving a one-step integration with strong fluorescent signal output capability and specific recognition ability. In addition, different fluorescent colors of ZIF-8@QDs-mAb were generated by doping red and green quantum dots (QDs) in various ratios. With a smart detection platform, the developed ZIF-8@QDs-mAb-based multiplex ICA (ZIF-8@QDs-mAb-mICA) achieved the on-site quantitative detection of enrofloxacin, sulfamethazine, and kanamycin in milk within 15 min, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.052, 0.186 and 0.216 ng mL−1, which were 5.69, 2.20 and 4.40 times higher than that of gold nanoparticles-based mICA, respectively. The quantitative detection of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin was also achieved with LOD of 0.516 ng mL−1 and 0.225 mIU mL−1, respectively, which verified the universality of the strategy. This work provides a novel idea for the design of an efficient integrated immunoprobe and has broad application prospects in ICA.

Spatial Ability Performance in Interior Design and Architecture: Comparison of Static and Virtual Reality Modes

Recent advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology have enabled its integration into learning diverse aspects of spatial components and relationships in the field of spatial design, as well as designing, communicating, collaborating, and managing complex building projects. With the growing interest in incorporating VR technology in spatial design, examining whether people understand, perceive, and perform spatial tasks in the same way in VR as they do in static modes is essential. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare spatial ability performance in a conventional static paper–desktop mode and an interactive VR mode. Thirty students completed the Architecture and Interior Design Domain–Specific Spatial Ability Test in both modes. Their visual cognitive style was measured with the Object–Spatial Imagery Questionnaire, and their responses to the usability of the VR mode were analyzed. The results revealed: (a) significant difference in performance between static and VR modes, including better performance in three spatial visualization subconstructs in static mode than in VR; (b) no gender difference in VR mode; (c) a tendency of spatial visualizers to benefit from VR mode; and (d) a tendency of people with high spatial ability to be more susceptible to test mode. Overall, the results contribute to expanding our understanding of spatial ability performance in different test modes and provide insights concerning the integration of VR into the development of spatial ability tools and education.

Proteome-wide Analyses Identified Cortical Proteins Associated With Resilience for Varied Cognitive Abilities.

Prior work suggests that cognitive resilience may contribute to the heterogeneity of cognitive decline. This study examined whether distinct cortical proteins provide resilience for different cognitive abilities. Participants were from the Religious Orders Study or the Rush Memory and Aging Project who had undergone annual assessments of 5 cognitive abilities and postmortem assessment of 9 Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) pathologies. Proteome-wide examination of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using tandem mass tag and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry yielded 8,425 high-abundance proteins. We applied linear mixed-effect models to quantify residual cognitive change (cognitive resilience) of 5 cognitive abilities by regressing out cognitive decline related to age, sex, education, and indices of ADRD pathologies. Then we added terms for each of the individual proteins to identify cognitive resilience proteins associated with the different cognitive abilities. We included 604 decedents (69% female; mean age at death = 89 years) with proteomic data. A total of 47 cortical proteins that provide cognitive resilience were identified: 22 were associated with specific cognitive abilities, and 25 were common to at least 2 cognitive abilities. NRN1 was the only protein that was associated with more than 2 cognitive abilities (semantic memory: estimate = 0.020, SE = 0.004, p = 2.2 × 10-6; episodic memory: estimate = 0.029, SE = 0.004, p = 5.8 × 10-1; and working memory: estimate = 0.021, SE = 0.004, p = 1.2 × 10-7). Exploratory gene ontology analysis suggested that among top molecular pathways, mitochondrial translation was a molecular mechanism providing resilience in episodic memory, while nuclear-transcribed messenger RNA catabolic processes provided resilience in working memory. This study identified cortical proteins associated with various cognitive abilities. Differential associations across abilities may reflect distinct underlying biological pathways. These data provide potential high-value targets for further mechanistic and drug discovery studies to develop targeted treatments to prevent loss of cognition.

3D nanocake-like Au-MXene/Au pallet structure-based label-free electrochemical aptasensor for paraquat determination.

3D nanocake-like Au-MXene and Au pallet (Au-MXene/AuP) nanocomposite-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) were utilized to construct an ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical aptasensor through a self-assembly procedure for trace paraquat (PQ) residue detection. Benefiting from the excellent electrochemical (EC) performances (e.g., high conductivity and large surface area) of Au-MXene nanocomposites and AuP substrate, the developed Apt/Au-MXene/AuP/SPCE-based EC aptasensor displayed excellent specificity and anti-interference ability, good repeatability, and stability. A linear relationship between the log value of the change in current intensity [lg (ΔI)] and the log value of the concentration of PQ [lg (CPQ)] was obtained in the range 0.05-1000 ng/mL. The limit of detection was 0.028 ng/mL, and thesensitivity was 255.5 μA/(μM·cm2). Practical applications in malt and mint samples confirmed the accuracy of the EC aptasensor in complex matrices for PQ detection, providing a universal analytical tool for othertrace pesticides in differentfood samples by simply replacing the corresponding aptamers.

Is intelligence of preterm children different from full‐term children? Commentary on Rapuc et al. (2023)

Rapuc et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) found that Full‐Scale IQ of preterm children is significantly lower than full‐term children. Also, although the structure of intelligence appeared to involve the same clusters of cognitive ability, relations between abilities were stronger in preterm children, implying that abilities are more differentiated in full‐term than in preterm children. This commentary examined if these findings hold when different modelling methods are used. Instead of the network analysis used in the target article (Rapuc et al., 2023), I used confirmatory factor analysis and special forms of structural equation modelling designed to capture interactions between processes and their differentiation from general cognitive ability. I found, in line with the target article, that premature children scored lower overall in cognitive ability, and that cognitive processes are more strongly related in preterm than in full‐term children. However, in contrast to the target article, specific abilities tended to differentiate with increasing general ability in preterm rather than in full‐term children. In full‐term children, increases in specific abilities were commensurate with increases in general ability. These differences may reflect slower development in preterm children and stronger dependence on executive processes dominating in preschool. Clinical implications are discussed.

A multiple signal amplification photoelectrochemical biosensor based on biotin-avidin system for kanamycin sensing in fish and milk via synergism of g-C3N4 and Ru@SiO2

BackgroundThe residues of kanamycin can accumulate in the human body for a long time and pose serious health risks, including hearing loss, kidney poisoning, and drug allergic reactions. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a rapid, highly sensitive, and low-cost method for detecting kanamycin residues in foods. However, the current methods have limitations such as low sensitivity, expensive instruments, and multiple steps, which make them impractical for use in resource-limited environments and emergencies. In this study, the creation of a multiple-signal amplification photoelectrochemical biosensor to address these aforementioned issues is discussed. ResultsHerein, we proposed a multiple signal amplification photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor based on carboxylated g-C3N4 and avidin functionalized Ru@SiO2 for the ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin. The carboxylated g-C3N4 was a highly efficient photoactive substance for amplifying photoelectric signals and a substrate for aptamer immobilization. The DOS and PDOS of g-C3N4 were studied by simulation, and the sensing mechanism of the probe at the molecular level was revealed. Meanwhile, using Ru@SiO2 as a signal amplifying unit, through the cooperative work between Ru@SiO2 and g-C3N4, the photoelectric signal could be double amplified to produce an excellent photocurrent response. Under optimized conditions, the photocurrent response of the PEC biosensor to kanamycin was obtained at concentrations from 0.1 nM to 1000 nM with a lower detection limit of 4.1052 × 10−11 mol L−1. This protocol demonstrates high sensitivity, brilliant specific recognition ability, excellent reproducibility, and acceptable stability. SignificanceThe first combination of g-C3N4 and avidin-Ru@SiO2 as photocurrent materials greatly enhanced the sensitivity of the PEC biosensors. Moreover, the specificity and sensitivity of the PEC biosensor were further improved through the specific interaction between kanamycin and aptamer. The photoelectric conversion mechanism based on g-C3N4 and two pathways for enhancing the photocurrent by Ru(byp)32+ were proposed. Through simulations of the DOS and PDOS of g-C3N4, the sensing mechanism of the probe at the molecular level was revealed. Under the optimum conditions, the PEC biosensor exhibited a wide linear concentration range and a low detection limit.

Highly sensitive biosensor for specific miRNA detection based on cascade signal amplification and magnetic electrochemiluminescence nanoparticles

Herein, magnetic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanoparticle Fe3O4@PtPd/Ru(bpy)32+ had been synthesized then been coupled with CRISPR/Cas13a system and Zn2+ dependent DNAzyme to design a novel ECL biosensor for specific detection of microRNA-145 (miRNA). The synthesized multifunctional magnetic nanoluminescent materials Fe3O4@PtPd/Ru(bpy)32+ not only load Ru(bpy)32+ to provide ECL signals, but also can quickly achieve separation and enrichment from complex matrices. In addition, ferrocene (Fc) was used as a quencher in the Ru(bpy)32+/tripropylamine (TPA) system. Fc was modified on DNA bound to Fe3O4@PtPd. Benefited from the highly specific recognition ability of CRISPR/Cas13a, the target miRNA induces CRISPR/Cas13a trans-cleavage to trigger the Zn2+-dependent DNAzyme cyclic cleavage to realize the dual signal amplification. DNA modified by Fc was split by target miRNA-induced cleaving, and then magnetic separation was performed to keep Fc away from the surface of the nanoparticles. Thus, the enhanced ECL signal was obtained to detect miRNA-145. Under optimized conditions, the prepared sensor showed a wide linear range (1 fM to 1 nM) and a low limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.41 fM. Furthermore, it shows excellent selectivity and good reproducibility. The proposed ECL platform has huge potential applications in the development of various sensitive sensors for detecting the other miRNA.

Spatial targeting of fibrosis-promoting macrophages with nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis therapy

Targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs to fibrosis-promoting macrophages (FPMs) holds promise as a challenging yet effective approach for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, nanocarriers composed of Mn-curcumin metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were utilized to deliver the immune inhibitor BLZ-945 to the lungs, with the goal of depleting fibrosis-promoting macrophages (FPMs) from fibrotic lung tissues. FPM targeting was achieved by functionalizing the nanocarrier surface with an M2-like FPM binding peptide (M2pep). As a result, significant therapeutic benefits were observed through the successful depletion of approximately 80 % of the M2-like macrophages (FPMs) in a bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model treated with the designed M2-like FPM-targeting nanoparticle (referred to as M2NP-BLZ@Mn-Cur).Importantly, the released Mn2+ and curcumin after the degradation of M2NP-BLZ@Mn-Cur accumulated in the fibrotic lung tissue, which can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress reactions, thereby further improving IPF therapy. This study presents a novel strategy with promising prospects for molecular-targeted fibrosis therapy. Statement of significanceMetal−organic frameworks (MOFs)- based nanocarriers equipped with both fibrosis-promoting macrophage (FPM)-specific targeting ability and therapeutic drugs are appealing for pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Here, we prepared M2pep (an M2-like FPM binding peptide)-modified and BLZ945 (a small molecule inhibitor of CSF1/CSF-1R axis)-loaded Mn-curcumin MOF nanoparticles (M2NP-BLZ@Mn-Cur) for pulmonary fibrosis therapy. The functionalized M2NP-BLZ@Mn-Cur nanoparticles can be preferentially taken up by FPMs, resulting in their depletion from fibrotic lung tissues. In addition, Mn2+and curcumin released from the nanocarriers have anti-inflammation and immune regulation effects, which further enhance the antifibrotic effect of the nanoparticles.

Ultrasensitive detection of genetic variation based on dual signal amplification assisted by isothermal amplification and cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets/quantum dots.

PML/RARα fusion gene (P/R) is the characteristic signature genetic variation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Here, by integrating triple-stranded DNA hybridization-triggered strand displacement amplification (tri-HT SDA) and cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets/quantum dots (CoOOH/QD)-based amplification, we constructed a novel biosensor of easy-operating, time-saving and high sensitivity for detecting P/R to meet clinical needs. Owing to the specific recognition and efficient amplification of tri-HT SDA as well as impressive anti-interference and considerable amplification of CoOOH/QD, this biosensor demonstrated a wide dynamic range (10 fM to 10nM) with a low limit of detection (5.50 fM) in P/R detection. Additionally, this biosensor could detectP/R spiked into human serum with good recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD), thus potentially exhibiting ultrasensitive and specific nuclear acid sequence detection ability in clinical diagnosis owing to combing isothermal amplification and nanomaterials.

177Lu]Lu-labeled anti-claudin-18.2 antibody demonstrated radioimmunotherapy potential in gastric cancer mouse xenograft models.

Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most prevalent and deadliest tumors worldwide, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The development of a CLDN18.2-targeted radioimmunotherapy probe is a potential treatment option for GC. The CLDN18.2 antibody TST001 (provided by Transcenta) was conjugated with DOTA and radiolabeled with the radioactive nuclide 177Lu. The specificity and targeting ability were evaluated by cell uptake, imaging and biodistribution experiments. In BGC823CLDN18.2/AGSCLDN18.2 mouse models, the efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-TST001 against CLDN18.2-expressing tumors was demonstrated, and toxicity was evaluated by H&E staining and blood sample testing. [177Lu]Lu-TST001 was labeled with an 99.17%±0.32 radiochemical purity, an 18.50 ± 1.27 MBq/nmol specific activity and a stability of ≥ 94% after 7 days. It exhibited specific and high tumor uptake in CLDN18.2-positive xenografts of GC mouse models. Survival studies in BGC823CLDN18.2 and AGSCLDN18.2 tumor-bearing mouse models indicated that a low dose of 5.55 MBq and a high dose of 11.10 MBq [177Lu]Lu-TST001 significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to the saline control group, with the 11.1 MBq group showing better therapeutic efficacy. Histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Ki67 immunohistochemistry of residual tissues confirmed tumor tissue destruction and reduced tumor cell proliferation following treatment. H&E showed that there was no significant short-term toxicity observed in the heart, spleen, stomach or other important organs when treated with a high dose of [177Lu]Lu-TST001, and no apparent hematotoxicity or liver toxicity was observed. In preclinical studies, [177Lu]Lu-TST001 demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy with acceptable toxicity. It exhibits strong potential for clinical translation, providing a new promising treatment option for CLDN18.2-overexpressing tumors, including GC.

Hypoxia and Matrix Metalloproteinase 13-Responsive Hydrogel Microspheres Alleviate Osteoarthritis Progression In Vivo.

The occurrence of osteoarthritis (OA) is highly associated with the inflammatory hypoxic microenvironment. Yet currently no attention has been paid to fabricating hypoxia-responsive platforms for OA treatment. Herein, an injectable hydrogel microsphere system (HAM-SA@HCQ) focusing on the hypoxic inflamed joint is prepared with methacrylate-modified sulfonated azocalix[4]arene (SAC4A-MA), methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA-MA), and dithiol-terminated matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) sensitive peptide via a microfluidic device and photo crosslinking technique, followed by encapsulation of the anti-inflammatory drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) through host-guest interaction. Owing to the hydrophobic deep cavity, phenolic units, and azo bonds of SAC4A-MA, the hydrogel microspheres show strong drug loading capacity, prominent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capability, and specific hypoxia-responsive drug release ability. In the OA tissue microenvironment, the hydrogel microspheres undergo degradation by excessive MMP-13 and release HCQ under the hypoxia condition, which synergizes with the ROS-scavenging calixarene to inhibit the inflammatory response of macrophages. After being injected into the OA-inflamed joint, the HAM-SA@HCQ can significantly attenuate the oxidative stress, downregulate the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α and inflammatory cytokines, and prevent the cartilage from being destroyed.

Team Cohesion Profiles: Influence on the Development of Mental Skills and Stress Management.

High-level sports competitions involve facing highly challenging situations. Athletes must maintain strong team cohesion with peers, have specific mental abilities, and high-stress control to overcome adversity and report high sports performance. This research aimed to identify team cohesion profiles and examine whether participants differed significantly in their mental abilities and stress management. The sample consisted of 146 promising and talented athletes from the Sports Talent Development of the Provincial Council of Guipúzcoa (Spain) (Mage = 20.08; SD = 4.68), who completed the questionnaire on Psychological Characteristics Related to Sports Performance (CPRD). Cluster analyzes revealed three profiles; (a) profile with low team cohesion; (b) profile with average team cohesion; (c) profile with high team cohesion. Results showed significant differences in mental abilities (i.e., positive self-talk), and marginally significant differences in self-confidence, between the profiles. The best scores were reported in profile (b). In conclusion, the combination of low individualism, high social cohesion, and medium team spirit seems to be the most recommendable for promoting mental abilities and self-confidence in athletes' samples. As practical implications, the programs that train the mental abilities of athletes and control management should consider the importance of team cohesion to obtain improvements in the results of the competitions.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FUZZY COGNITIVE MAP MODEL FOR CREATING STEM PROJECTS IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN ENGINEERING AND PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALTIES

The article examines the issues of STEM education development in the context of the strategy for the development of higher education in Ukraine for 2022-2032. In particular, the emphasis is on the importance of reorienting the educational process to the training of specialists in engineering and pedagogical specialties with practical skills and up-to-date knowledge. It is necessary to strategically rethink educational approaches, giving priority to the training of specialists in engineering and pedagogical specialties who possess not only theoretical knowledge, but also specific practical skills that meet the requirements of the labor market. Special attention is paid to STEM education, which is defined as a key tool in the formation of competencies for future specialists in the field of engineering and pedagogy. This approach involves not only the transfer of theoretical knowledge, but also emphasizes practical aspects, contributing to the development of specific skills and abilities that are necessary in practice. Dedication to STEM education in the context of engineering and pedagogical fields allows future specialists to be ready for the challenges and tasks presented to them by modern labor markets, and to meet the current requirements and standards in these fields. The technical orientation of STEM projects contributes to the implementation of practical tasks and the formation of skills in demand on the labor market. The purpose of the article is to present the algorithm for building a lighting control system prototype using the example of the STEM project “Lighting control system in the library”. For building a logical model, to justify the structure of the system, the NCC is used. The development of the STEM project “Lighting control system in the library” is presented, which involves the creation of a fuzzy cognitive map in the Mental Modeler environment. An algorithm for building a logical model for a STEM project under conditions of uncertainty has been developed and described. The basis of the built model is a cognitive map. A cognitive map is a symbolic directed graph, at the vertices of which the key factors of the object of modeling (concepts) connected by cause-and-effect relationships are placed. A cognitive map is a type of mathematical modeling used to formalize a complex system in the form of a set of concepts that reflect system factors and causal relationships between them, taking into account the nature of their interaction. Based on the analysis of the logical model of the system, it was determined that for each concept it is necessary to set the level of communication on the visual form of the Mental Modeler map, which allows you to set the level of assessment of its dependence. The paper presents a logical model on the example of a prototype of a computer lighting control system in a library using fuzzy logical derivation. Fuzzy cognitive maps were used to justify the structure of the management system. The sequence of building a prototype of the lighting control system in the library and the analysis of the parameters of such a system can be used by students of engineering and pedagogical specialties for the educational purpose of building various STEM projects. Cognitive modeling methodology is used for analysis and decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. It is developing in the direction of improving the situation analysis and modeling apparatus. Therefore, to implement a STEM project in ill-defined situations, it is advisable to build a logical model. It defines the structure of the modeled system. The basis for building this model is a fuzzy cognitive map.

The ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on the mixture of CdTe quantum dots and graphene quantum dots for quantitative analysis of silver in drinks.

Silver nanoparticles can be used in antibacterial packaging or disinfection. Research has shown that sugary fluid induces the leaching of silver nanoparticles into water, which may be harmful to humans. Single wavelength fluorescence analysis has been used for quantitative analysis of silver nanoparticles but suffers from low specificity and poor anti-interference ability. In this paper, a ratiometric fluorescence sensor system (GCS) was used for the detection of Ag+, which realized both visual detection and quantitative analysis of silver in drinks. The color changes of GCS with different concentrations of Ag+ are distinguishable and easy to analyze. There is also a good linear relationship between the concentrations of Ag+ and varieties of F424 nm/F570 nm, and the lowest detection limit reached 0.2266nmol/L. This GCS shows good selectivity and recovery and could be used for the detection of Ag+ in drink samples.

Clinical Manifestations.

Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) in the elderly may represent an early cognitive marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there is no recommended gold standard for evaluating SCC. In addition, available questionnaires were originally developed to identify individuals at later stages of AD. Based on previous research, we constructed the Subjective Cognitive Changes Questionnaire (SCC-Q), which includes items potentially sensitive to early cognitive decline. The study aimed to analyse reliability of the individual items and construct and convergent validity of the SCC-Q. A total of 211 non-demented participants over the age of 55 from the Czech Brain Aging Study (CBAS) underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological examination, based on which they were classified into two groups: patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 88) and those with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) (n = 88). Further, we included cognitively healthy volunteers without SCC (n = 35). All participants completed the novel 26-item SCC-Q in which they evaluated change in specific cognitive abilities during the last 5 years on a 5-point Likert scale. The structure of the SCC-Q was explored using the principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation. To analyse associations between the components and cognitive performance (convergent validity), non-parametric partial rank correlations controlled for sex, age and education were performed. Cognitive performance was expressed as composite z-scores representing memory, attention and working memory, language, executive, and visuospatial function. Item analysis showed that all included items were highly reliable (McDonald's Ω > 0.9, Cronbach's α > 0.9). Using the PCA, four components explaining 57.6% of the variance were identified. Two of them were significantly associated with memory, attention and working memory, and executive or visuospatial function, respectively (all ps ≤ 0.048). The component more closely associated with cognitive domains includes items related to spatial orientation changes. The SCC-Q has the potential to become a valuable method for clinical practice in identifying individuals at risk of developing cognitive deficits. Further analyses are needed to confirm its validity.

EFFECT OF ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MOTOR ABILITIES ON THE EXPLOSIVE FORCE AND COORDINATION IN STUDENT ATHLETES

Abstract With the aim of examining the influence of anthropometric characteristics and motor skills on the manifestation of specific motor skills of explosive strength and coordination, an experimental study was organized on a sample of 160 student athletes in Prizren. For the purposes of this research, 18 variables (8 anthropometric and 10 motor) were applied, which made up the predictor system of variables, and 4 specific motor ability tests that made up the criteria system of variables. The data were processed with descriptive and regression analyses. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the anthropometric characteristics that were applied in the research did not have a significant impact on motor skills , coordination, while the applied predictor anthropometric variables showed that they had a significant impact on the criteria system of motor abilities of explosive power in student athletes, the results of the research also show that the predictor system of motor variables applied in the research has a significant impact on the criterion system of motor skills of coordination i explosive strength in student athletes. Key words : Regression analysis, anthropometric characteristics, motor abilities, student athletes.

Hydrogen sensing characteristics of an Al-doped SnO2 thin film incorporated with palladium nanoparticles

An interesting hydrogen sensor prepared by an Al (3 at %)-doped SnO2 (ATO) thin layer decorated with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) is demonstrated herein. The related hydrogen detecting characteristics are systematically investigated. The elemental and intrinsic properties are characterized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specific surface area and catalytic ability are remarkably enhanced due to the presence of Pd NPs on the ATO thin layer. This causes the considerable improvement of hydrogen sensing behaviors. Under introduced 1000 ppm hydrogen gas in air, a higher sensing response of 3152 with a corresponding response and a recovery times of 17 s and 4 s and a lower detectable concentration of 50 ppb H2/air are obtained at 225 °C for the studied Pd NP/ATO sensor. In addition, the studied sensor shows good repeatability and long-term stability. From a kinetic adsorption analysis, an activation energy about 43.6 kJ mol−1 is observed for this hydrogen detecting action. The studied Pd NP/ATO sensor also shows favours, e.g., simple device structure, easy production, lower consumed power, and a widespread sensing region of hydrogen gas content.

Electrochemically alternating voltage induction and in-situ preparation of tin-based multiphase structures anode for sodium-ion batteries

Tin-based materials possess a high-capacity as a potential anode for Na-ion batteries (SIBs), but the inferior electric conductivity and sluggish reaction kinetics limit their further development. In this paper, we have successfully constructed multiphase structure SnO2/SnS/SnS2 by combining the electrochemical induction and in-situ hydrothermal method to effectively alleviate these problems. The continuous addition of sulfur source (thioacetamide, TAA) results in the formation of a transition from pure product (SnO2) to double structure (SnO2/SnS), and finally multiphase structure (SnO2/SnS/SnS2). Compared to single or bimetal chalcogenides, the tri-metal chalcogenides have strengthened synergistic effects between diverse components. Additionally, the SnO2/SnS/SnS2 composites exhibit small grain size and abundant mesoporous structure, which aid to shorten the distance of ions transfer and increase surface active sites for Na-ions storage. The SnO2/SnS/SnS2 anode displays optimal diffusion coefficient (1.94 × 10−15 cm2 s−1) and cycling durability, with a recoverable specific discharge ability of 401 mA h g−1 over 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and a maintenance overpasses 77 %. These results indicate that the construction of multiphase structures is a prospective way to improve the reaction kinetics of Sn-based materials for SIBs.

Integrin Facilitates the Internalization of TAT Peptide Conjugated to RGD Motif in Model Lipid Membranes.

In recent years, targeted drug delivery has attracted a great interest for enhanced therapeutic efficiency, with diminished side effects, especially in cancer therapy. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) like HIV1-TAT peptides, appear to be the perfect vectors for translocating drugs or other cargoes across the plasma membrane, but their application is limited mostly due to insufficient specificity for intended targets. Although these molecules were successfully used, the mechanism by which the peptides enter the cell interior still needs to be clarified. The tripeptide motif RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate), found in extracellular matrix proteins has high affinity for integrin receptors overexpressed in cancer and it is involved in different phases of disease progression, including proliferation, invasion and migration. Discovery of new peptides with high binding affinity for disease receptors and permeability of plasma membranes is desirable for both, development of targeted drug delivery systems and early detection and diagnosis. To complement the TAT peptide with specific targeting ability, we conjugated it with an integrin-binding RGD motif. Although the idea of RGD-CPPs conjugates is not entirely new,[1] here we describe the permeability abilities and specificity of integrin receptors of RGD-TAT peptides in model membranes. Our findings reveal that this novel RGD sequence based on TAT peptide maintains its ability to permeate lipid membranes and exhibits specificity for integrin receptors embedded in giant unilamellar vesicles. This promising outcome suggests that the RGD-TAT peptide has significant potential for applications in the field of targeted drug delivery systems.

Benefits of Yoga (Physical Education and Sports)

The objective of the current article is the capability of certain components of yoga in real preparation and sports. Yoga is one of the Indian philosophical structures that underline the significance of working with the body to advance substantial approaches to acting and thinking. Every one of his techniques decided the real position, called asana in Sanskrit. It is critical to recollect that games and aerobatics have a spot in the domain of genuine school training. In our cutting-edge society, the term genuine tutoring is figured out in various ways. Some say it is "genuine tutoring", for instance in sports, training the body to gain specific capacities and abilities. Others believe it's "genuine tutoring" that works. Just to work on the appearance. Tragically, this is the essential explanation for individuals joining exercise centers, particularly before summer. It involves the body as a technique to arrive at the more significant standards of instruction: independence and profound quality in our associations with one another and with the climate. It is critical to recollect that games and acrobatics have a place in the field of actual schooling. Both yoga and actual schooling at their center utilize the body to foster perspectives and capacities that are significant for accomplishing physical and psychological wellness. These days these are considered valuable subjects. The West evolved oxygen-consuming molding and sports preparing and zeroed in on its relationship to great well-being, while the East sought after comparable objectives through focus and unwinding.