Pandanus Species Research Articles

A Comparative Study Of Stomatal Characteristics of The Nine Pandanus Species From Nias Island, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

AbstractThe identification of Pandanus species generally relies on morphological characteristics and requires confirmation from other identification features, such as stomata. A comparative study of stomatal characteristics among nine Pandan species originally from Nias Island, namely Pandanus atrocarpus, P. auranticus, P. labyrinthicus, P. militaris, P. odoratissimus, P. penangensis, P. tectorius, and P. utilis has been investigated. Anomocytic stomata without papillae on subsidiary cells were observed on both leaf surfaces, with significant interspecific differences in adaxial and abaxial stomatal frequencies. Pandanus tectorius exhibited the highest adaxial (30.71 ± 0.81) and abaxial (1.87 ± 0.12) stomatal frequencies. Pandanus labyrinthicus showed the highest stomatal index (adaxial 16.61 ± 2.51, abaxial 0.87 ± 0.11), while P. penangensis had the largest stomatal size (137.54 ± 6.66 µm). Overall, the stomatal parameters, including frequency, index, and size, were higher on the adaxial surface than the abaxial surface, emphasizing interspecific variations. These findings contribute valuable supportive data for the botanical systematics of Pandanus spp. in the region, enhancing our understanding of morphological characteristics crucial for species identification.AbstrakIdentifikasi jenis dari Pandanus cenderung menggunakan ciri morfologi dan memerlukan konfirmasi dari karakter lainnya, salah satunya stomata. Studi perbandingan stomata di antara sembilan spesies Pandan di Pulau Nias, Sumatera Utara telah dilakukan, yaitu Pandanus atrocarpus, P. auranticus, P. labirinthicus, P. militaris, P. odoratissimus, P. penangensis, P. tectorius, dan P. utilis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan jenis Pandanus memiliki tipe stomata berupa anomositik pada kedua permukaan daun atau amfistomatous tanpa adanya papilosa pada sel tambahan. Frekuensi stomata adaksial dan abaksial memiliki perbedaan yang nyata secara statistik lintas jenis. Frekuensi stomata tertinggi pada daun adaksial/abaksial diamati berturut-turut dari P. tectorius (30,71 ± 0,81) dan P. tectorius (1,87 ± 0,12). Indeks stomata daun tertinggi diamati berturut-turut berasal dari P. labirinthicus (16,61 ± 2,51) untuk adaxial dan P. labirinthicus (0,87 ± 0,11) untuk abaxial. Ukuran stomata terbesar diamati berturut-turut berasal dari P. penangensis (137,54 ± 6,66 µm) dan P. odoratissimus (64,56 ± 3,96 µm). Secara umum, tipe stomata pada semua jenis adalah anomositik tanpa adanya papila pada sel penjaga. Parameter stomata lainnya, yaitu frekuensi, indeks, dan ukuran pada bagian adaksial cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan permukaan abaksial dengan variasi nilai secara interspesifik.

Breeding success of an endangered island endemic kestrel increases with extent of invasion by an alien plant species

The Mauritius Kestrel Falco punctatus, once the rarest kestrel worldwide, became an icon of bird conservation after it recovered from four to six individuals in 1974 to some 800 by 2005 following intense conservation management. Its population however then halved within about a decade prompting a re-evaluation of the IUCN status and up listing of the species in 2014 and an increased conservation attention. Drivers of this new decline are unclear and the influence of habitat structure and diet on breeding success may be important contributors but have received relatively little attention, particularly in the way they may interact to influence production of new fledglings. We address this knowledge gap by studying whether breeding success is influenced by habitat structure (in terms of cover of the invasive Ravenala in native habitats, an alien plant causing strong structural shift in the forests that it invades, and extent of cleared area), diet composition and food pass frequency (as a proxy for food intake) and food quality at 28 nests of a re-introduced kestrel population in south east Mauritius during the 2015–2016 breeding season. The kestrel’s diet comprised native and alien birds, reptiles, insects, and small alien mammals, with a disproportionately high proportion of Phelsuma gecko. A higher frequency of food provisioning and percentage cover of Ravenala both contributed to higher breeding success. Ravenala may increase gecko density or increase gecko detectability and predation by the kestrel, or both, while changed land use (pasture and sugar cane fields) may increase prey diversity in the form of non-forest prey known to be eaten by Kestrels (e.g. alien agamids, small mammals and birds). These prey related influences on breeding suggest that the Bambou mountain range provides a human-generated novel ecosystem altering food availability and increasing the kestrel’s breeding success. However, Ravenala is an invasive alien species harmful to the wider forest biodiversity. Progressive weeding of Ravenala and concurrent re-introduction and augmentation of native palms and Pandanus species which geckos can use at comparable densities to Ravenala, is recommended. This would likely improve the kestrel’s hunting habitat quality and maintain high gecko density or detectability and the vegetation structure required for hunting manoeuvrability and prey availability without the negative consequences of invasive Ravenala.

The first record of Anatrachyntis lunulifera ( ) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) in the Ryukyus, Japan

Anatrachyntis lunulifera (Meyrick, 1935) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) is distributed in the Pacific region, for example, in Fiji and the Marquesas Islands, and larvae of this species feed on the male inflorescence of Pandanus species. In our study, A. lunulifera was collected from Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze in Amami oshima Island, Okinawa-jima Island, and Miyako-jima Island, the Ryukyus, Japan. This article is the first report of A. lunulifera from Japan, North Pacific. In this study, we have redescribed and illustrated the adult, male and female genitalia of A. lunulifera, and illustrated those of A. incertulella (Walker, 1864), another Pandanus feeder occurring together with A. lunulifera in the Ryukyus, for comparison.

Notes on leaf anatomy: Additional information for Indonesian Pandanus spp. (Pandanaceae)

In Indonesia, Pandanus spp. were distributed from Sumatra to Papua. These Pandanus species has broader variation of anatomical leaf characters whether epidermis or transversal section traits. This study was conducted to obtain an information of anatomical characters of Pandanus leaf and supporting character on Pandanus identification. Pandanus collections of Herbarium Bogoriense were used for this study, and some of Pandanus species from Papua New Guinea and Malay Peninsula were added as well. Paraffin method and simple peeling of the leaf surface were used to get leaf transversal sections and epidermis characters. In general, anatomical characters of examined species in this study relatively similar to other Pandanus species which were studied by former researchers. Pandanus has broad range of stomata types on the lower leaf surface, from simple stomata to the most specialized stomata. The upper leaf surface of Pandanus spp. has similar stomata type, viz. class 1 (simple). Zonation always presents on all species, except on P. atropurpureus, P. conoideus and P. nitidus. Mostly, crystals CaCO3 were found in three forms, namely rectangular and needle-like shape in idioblast cells, while prism-shape is scattered in the mesophyll area. These crystal shapes absent in P. odorifer and there is one additional crystal shape, drusse which present in P. conoideus. Silica bodies located in the upper and lower hypodermis of leaf. Bundle sheath extension was seen in all species except P. beguinii, P. conoideus, and P. fusinus.

Species of pandan (Pandanus sp) in Gorom Island, East Seram Regency

The purpose of this study was to determine the Species of Pandanus (Pandanus sp) in Gorom Island, East Seram Regency. The object used in this study was the external body structure of pandanus plants (pandanus sp) such as fruit, flowers, leaves, stems and roots. This research was conducted directly by direct survey in the field and observing the species of pandanus (Pandanus sp), this research includes observations on fruit, flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. Based on the results of the study found 6 species of pandan (Pandanus sp) that is : Pandan Duri, Pandan Mengkuwang, Pandan Kowang, Pandan Sepajam, Pandan Wangi dan Pandan Laut. Of these 6 species we can distinguish from the shape of the leaves, stem shapes, fruit shapes, and root shapes.

Ecology of the facultative phytotelmic crab Platychirarma buettikoferi (De Man, 1883) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

Abstract The mangrove forests surrounding Douala, Cameroon, have a long history of human impact due to rapid urbanization, resulting in patches of true mangrove forest interspersed with areas dominated by the mangrove-associated Pandanus species. A survey carried out to assess the possible shift in crab fauna composition and dominance between mangrove and Pandanus dominated areas revealed an undescribed phytotelmic habitat for Platychirarma buettikoferi. This species was found colonizing the natural reservoirs of fresh water represented by Pandanus spp. Our results show P. buettikoferi to be ecologically dependent upon Pandanus spp., and absent on the mangrove floor and trees, strongly indicating a phytotelmic adaptation. Our data suggest that this species is a facultative phytotelmic species well adapted to Pandanus spp. dominated areas. Further studies on the reproductive biology and feeding behaviour of P. buettikoferi may shed light on this unique phytotelmic lifestyle and its role in mangrove ecosystem functioning.

DNA Barcoding of Six Ethnomedicinal and Economically Important Pandanus Parkinson (Pandanaceae) in the Philippines

Members of the genus Pandanus are popularly known for their variety of uses, yet there is difficulty identifying its species since discrimination is dependent on its seasonal reproductive parts. DNA barcoding was utilized to establish an ideal locus for the rapid identification and authentication of six Pandanus species in the Philippines. A total of 17 samples representing six species with three endemic taxa were collected and analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from leaf samples and was used as a template to generate the DNA barcodes. The BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) method, divergence, and NJ (neighbor-joining) analyses were conducted to determine the efficiency of each barcode. The internal transcribed spacer, a nuclear region, was initially assessed in this study; however, plastid markers showed more universality with better amplification and sequencing success rates. In terms of discriminatory power, trnH-psbA revealed a significantly higher interspecific divergence compared to its intraspecific divergence. Phylogenetic analyses using the NJ approach exhibited that trnH-psbA has a better ability to resolve species identity and exclusive lineages than matK. The concatenated gene trnH-psbA + matK was able to generate better species resolution compared to the single barcodes analyzed. In general, rbcL performed poorly in the NJ analysis and has the lowest species discrimination based on its interspecific and intraspecific distances with close values. We provisionally recommend trnH-psbA as the most efficient single candidate barcode for the molecular authentication of Philippine Pandanus species and the combination of trnH-psbA + matK for a better discriminatory ability.

(Pandanaceae), a new species endemic to north-eastern Queensland (Australia)

Pandanus grayorum Callm., Buerki & Gallaher (Pandanaceae) is newly described from the Wet Tropics of north-eastern Queensland in Australia. It is the second Australian species other than P. gemmifer H.St.John known to reproduce by axillary plantlets on aerial branches. It can be distinguished from P. gemmifer and P. solms-laubachii F.Muell. by the dimensions of its leaves, shape and dimensions of its syncarps, and by the morphology of its phalanges. The placement of P. grayorum in a molecular phylogeny confirmed morphological evidence and showed that the new species clusters with P. gemmifer and P. solms-laubachii in a clade closely related to the P. tectorius Parkinson complex. Pandanus grayorum is known from near the banks of the lower reaches of Mulgrave, Russell, Johnstone and Moresby rivers and associated subcoastal flood plains. Most collection records are from areas outside national parks and a preliminary conservation assessment of Vulnerable is suggested using the IUCN Red List. Finally, a key to north-eastern Queensland Pandanus species is also provided.

Determination of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in alginate encapsulated pandanus flavorings by static headspace (SHS) and gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection (GC-NPD)

A new form of Pandanus flavoring has been developed using the ionic gelation method. Among the four Pandanus species investigated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME)–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the leaves of P. amaryllifolius Roxb. contained the highest content of the impact aroma compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. Some terpene volatiles were identified for the first time in these Pandanus species. Acidic extraction with aqueous tartaric acid at pH 5 was the most suitable solvent for obtaining 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline from Pandanus leaves. Moreover, the extract was directly subjected to ionic gelation with the optimized sodium alginate and calcium chloride concentrations of 1.5 and 3% w/v, respectively. Automated static headspace–gas chromatography with a selective nitrogen–phosphorus detection was developed and validated to determine 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in the dried green alginate beads. The response surface optimization of headspace sample parameters resulted in an optimal equilibration time of 20 min and oven temperature at 123 °C. The 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline standard calibration curve was linear from 1.0 to 640 μg g−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.10 and 0.80 μg g−1, respectively. On average, a 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content of 18.49 μg g−1 (16.89 to 26.91 μg g−1) was encapsulated in the green dried alginate flavoring products, which was two to three times higher than contained in fresh Pandanus leaves. After 90 days of storage, the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content remaining in the green dried alginate beads was 79% of the initial content.

Utilization of Pandan Leaf Fibers (Pandanus simplex merr.) for the Production of Paper

One of the main consumers of natural resources and energy is the paper industry. Wood is the conventional raw material in the producing pulp and paper around the world. The dependence on timber material to produce paper has led to the severe deforestation and greatly affected the ecosystem’s flora and fauna. With the increasing demand for paper, efforts are being made to find non-timber materials for paper production. Pandanus simplex merr. is a Pandanus species that is endemic to the Philippines and the amount of agricultural waste materials from its leaves being used for weaving contributes to solid wastes. In this study, we investigate the production of paper sheets from Pandanus simplex merr. leaf fibers and determine the effect of the pulping concentration to the tensile properties of the paper sheet made. The paper sample made using a 5% w/v NaOH pulping solution had the highest tensile index of 2.234 Nm g−1, tear index of 8.46 mN m2 g−1, and average pore size 29.094 μm. The paper sheets produced showed potential as a sorbent material and can be used as an alternative to wood source in producing pulp and paper.

Synthesis of cellulose microcrystals (CMC)/nylon 6,10 composite by incorporating CMC isolated from Pandanus ceylanicus

The paper presents a novel candidate plant: Pandanus ceylanicus (PC) for cellulose extraction. The plant showed an average of 91.5 ± 0.2 % of cellulose yield which is the highest yield for Pandanus species reported. Cellulose was extracted from the leaves of the plant by carrying out alkali and bleaching treatments, and cellulose microcrystals (CMC) were isolated from extracted cellulose fibers with sulphuric acid treatment. Chemical composition of PC leaves was investigated at different stages of treatment by using TAPPI standard methods. The extracted globular shaped CMC crystals had an average diameter less than a micro meter. Results revealed that PC leaves are an efficient source of micro-cellulose which result in a high yield than most lignocellulosic biomasses. The CMCs were successfully incorporated with nylon 6,10 by in-situ interfacial polymerization of sebacoyl chloride and hexamethylenediamine in the presence of CMC. The CMC/nylon 6,10 composite showed improved water absorption with low water retention time.

UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK KENTAL ETANOL PANDAN HUTAN JENIS BARU (Freycinetia sessiliflora RIZKI) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

A new species of the pandanus (Freycinetia sessiliflora Rizki) is one species found in the year 2015 on Passi Mount, West Kalimantan. The researchers found the pandanus new species which is very different from other pandanus. The results of skrinning phytochemical leaves of the pandanus (Freycinetia sessiliflora Rizki) containing a compound of a secondary metabolite namely alkaloid , flavonoid , terpenoid-steroid , saponin , phenol and tannin. Based on secondary metabolite compounds which done research to test the activity of the pandanus extract bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Plant extracts pandanus in get maceration with a solvent use of ethanol to achieve an extract will be used to test the activity of obstruent against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus by using the Then it will be the measurement of clear zone formed about paper discs .Analyze by anova data in one direction with the levels of trust 95 %. Based on the research done an obstruent extracts the results of a new species of pandanus against bacteria staphylococcus aureus with an average diameter obstruent concentration 5% of 10,86, mm the concentration of 10 % of 11,46, mm the concentration of 15 % of 11,8, mm the concentration of 20% of 12,24 mm and the highest 25% of 12,9 mm.

Secondary Metabolites of Genus Pandanus: An Aspect of Phytochemistry

Genus Pandanus belongs to the family Padanaceae, which is widely distributed in old world tropics and subtropics, and has been applied in traditional herbal medicines, pharmacological uses, food chemical products and handicrafts. Original research articles related to this genus are available but an insight account highlighted phytochemical aspects of secondary metabolites is now insufficient. The reliable sources of literature data for this systematic manuscript were obtained from the literatures published from 1960s to now, utilizing data information from ACS journals, Taylor Francis, Springer, IOP Science, SCI-finder, Chemical Abstracts, the Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Googlescholar. A vast amount of data showed that genus Pandanus contained various classes of the secondary metabolites. Herein, approximately 180 constituents were isolated, comprising alkaloids, phenols, lignans, steroids, terpenoids, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins, lactones and amino acids. In addition, the crucial information involved in food chemistry suggests that Pandanus species can also be a good candidate to provide essential oils and nutrient contents of vitamins and sugars.

Phytochemical Screening of a Pandanus Species from Ando Island, Borongan City, Philippines

Objectives: An endemic species of Pandanus found in Ando Island Borongan City was subjected to phytochemical analysis to verify presence of some secondary metabolites products by the plant sample. Methods: Qualitative analysis was used in phytochemical testing and color, odor and miscibility testing, while Quantitative analysis was used in pH, boiling point and density of four (4) different types of extracts namely; Dried Leaves (DLE); Dried Fruit (DFE); Fresh Leaves (FLE); and Fresh Fruit (FFE) in determining the extracts’ physical and chemical properties. Results: Results showed that the color of most plant extracts ranges from brown to dark brownish-green, strong odor, a density range from 0.77 to 0.87 g/cc. All extracts are basic and a boiling point range of 92.7 to 102.7 OC. Moreover, all extracts are soluble to polar solvents, but insoluble to non-polar solvent. Phytochemical screening found out that alkaloid is present only on the fruit extract; saponin, steroid, and terpenoid are found to be positive, while tannin was found negative in all extracts. Flavonoid is present in FFE while glycoside is present only on Dried Fruit Extract (DFE). Improvements: It is hereby suggested that a quantitative analysis be carried out on the present secondary metabolites to determine if there is a new type of naturally-occurring compound present in the fruits or leaves of the Pandanus species and perform phytochemical analysis to other parts of the plant such as roots, bark, trunk, etc. Keywords: Extracts Phytochemical Analysis, Pandanus, Secondary Metabolites

Floristic Composition, Distribution, and Association of Pandanus (Pandanaceae) in Bukit Duabelas National Park Jambi

Pandanus species is widely distributed over Bukit Duabelas National Park in Jambi. Suku Anak Dalam (SAD), a local community living in Bukit Duabelas National Park area, use the natural fibers from Pandanus for many necessities, such as plaiting, building materials, and performing mytological rituals. This study aimed to examine floristic composition, distribution patterns, and association of pandanus species in Bukit Duabelas National Park. Sampling was conducted using a striped line, with a plot of 35 sample plots. Dominance of species was calculated using dominant type of important Value Index (IVI) based on the density, frequency, and dominance of sample plot enumeration. Distribution patterns was analyzed using the Morisita Index, while association patterns were measured by Contingency tables and Chi-square tests. Floristic composition was mostly found in the seedling strata consisting of 106 species. The species with highest important value index (IVI=14.53) was Palaquium gutta. There were two species of Pandanus (Benstonea kurzii and Benstonea atrocarpa) were spread in groups and three species of pandanus (Pandanus labyrinthicus, Pandanus furcatus, and Pandanus immersus) were spread evenly. The pandanus species found was associated with Benstonea kurzii was Litsea sp1. This present study suggested that the conservation of pandanus species should be conducted as a piece of rehabilitation of tropical forests in Bukit Duabelas National Park.

Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Pandanus Alkaloids.

The genus Pandanus (Pandanaceae) is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. With about 700 species worldwide, three Pandanus species (P. amaryllifolius, P. utilis, and P. dubius) have been investigated and found to contain new alkaloids possessing a pyrrolidinyl-α,β-unsaturated γ-lactone, a γ-butylidene-α-methyl-α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam, and/or indolizidine residues. Several total syntheses of Pandanus alkaloids have been accomplished. Several pharmacological studies on Pandanus species, including scientific validations of their antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antidiarrheal, and cytotoxic activities, have been conducted in relation to their traditional folk medicine uses.

A new species and a new synonym in Pandanus subg. Rykia (Pandanaceae) in Thailand

Callmander M.W. & S. Buerki (2018). A new species and a new synonym in Pandanus subg. Rykia (Pandanaceae) in Thailand. Candollea 73: 115–120. In English, English abstract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2018v731a12The genus Pandanus Parkinson (Pandanaceae) has never been critically revised in Thailand. Most species belong to the taxonomically challenging Pandanus subg. Rykia (Vrise) B.C. Stone. Recent field observations coupled with a review of herbarium material of Thai Pandanaceae (serving as a backbone for the forthcoming family treatment for the Flora of Thailand) have revealed new findings enabling better understanding the taxonomy of Pandanus species in this region. In this article, we formally synonymize Pandanus bifidus H. St. John under Pandanus obconicus H. St. John, two species among the fifteen that Harold St. John described from Thailand in 1963 and 1965. We also describe a new species, Pandanus voradolii Callm. & Buerki, restricted to north-eastern Thailand. The new species resembles Pandanus obconicus in its acaulescent low shrub habit, but differs in its ecology, shape and texture of its leaves, the length of its peduncle and shape and dimensions of its syncarp. Field photographs and a preliminary risk of extinction assessment is provided for the new species.Received: March 3, 2018. Accepted: April 19, 2018. First published online: June 25, 2018.

The Spectroscopic Analysis of <i>Pandanus</i>' Tristearin

Pandanus or the screwpines are nowadays, receiving more attention. It is the largest genera in Pandanaceae family. This species is usually found along coastal region from the Southeast Asia to the Pacific Island. Almost all parts of Pandanus species are used for many purposes in daily life. For example, the leaves are used as coloring and flavoring agents. Meanwhile, the bark and large branches are used in constructions. Besides the non-medicinal values, Pandanus species were also traditionally used as medications for the treatment of fever, headache, sore throat and others. Amazingly, some medical properties of Pandanus species are scientifically proven and the active constituents were known. The objective of this research is to investigate the biomolecule from Pandanus species, specifically, Pandanuspygmaues. It is aimed purify the chemical component that might present in the leaves part. In the methodology, the samples were cut prior to the organic solvent extraction and maceration. The compositions of Pandanuspygmaues extracts were detected via analytical and preparative thin layer chromatography. The hexane extract was subjected to an open column chromatography technique. A compound was successfully isolated and was analyzed by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. This compound could be identified as a tristearin.

Analysis of Pandanus Extracts by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The Pandanus species (Pandanaceae family) was investigated, in order to set up a library of their chromatographic profiles. From a literature review, the most common Pandanus plant that was greatly examined was P. amaryllifolius (the fragrant screw pine), followed by P. sanderi. Here, the chromatographic data from an extract of a relatively unfamiliar Pandanus is also presented. The leaves of P. monotheca were extracted by using methanol. Later, the extract was filtered, prior to a Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) experiments. The automated system was set to run by gradient elution (acetonitrile:water). The flow rate was maintained at 1 ml/min, otherwise stated in a number of attempts. The ultra-violet absorbance of the Pandanus’ constituents was measured via Multiple Wavelength Detector. From the chromatogram, the major peaks for Pandanus’ compounds were eluted (λ = 220, 260 and 360 nm) and the retention times were recorded. The lower absorbance readings of other minor peaks could be due to various minor secondary metabolites, such as the furolignan. The different elution time depends on the polarity of the composition. In short, Pandanus’ phytochemicals could be obtained via alcoholic extraction. The utilisation of modern chromatographic applications enables the scientists to discover and subsequently, purify single component of the complex natural mixtures. This finding can be beneficial to the research areas in botanical study, pharmacognostical assessment and biotechnology industry. It is aimed that more Pandanus species could be learnt for the future.

Analysis of Pandanus Extracts by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The Pandanus species (Pandanaceae family) was investigated, in order to set up a library of their chromatographic profiles. From a literature review, the most common Pandanus plant that was greatly examined was P. amaryllifolius (the fragrant screw pine), followed by P. sanderi. Here, the chromatographic data from an extract of a relatively unfamiliar Pandanus is also presented. The leaves of P. monotheca were extracted by using methanol. Later, the extract was filtered, prior to a Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) experiments. The automated system was set to run by gradient elution (acetonitrile:water). The flow rate was maintained at 1 ml/min, otherwise stated in a number of attempts. The ultra-violet absorbance of the Pandanus’ constituents was measured via Multiple Wavelength Detector. From the chromatogram, the major peaks for Pandanus’ compounds were eluted (λ = 220, 260 and 360 nm) and the retention times were recorded. The lower absorbance readings of other minor peaks could be due to various minor secondary metabolites, such as the furolignan. The different elution time depends on the polarity of the composition. In short, Pandanus’ phytochemicals could be obtained via alcoholic extraction. The utilisation of modern chromatographic applications enables the scientists to discover and subsequently, purify single component of the complex natural mixtures. This finding can be beneficial to the research areas in botanical study, pharmacognostical assessment and biotechnology industry. It is aimed that more Pandanus species could be learnt for the future.