Abstract
Objectives: An endemic species of Pandanus found in Ando Island Borongan City was subjected to phytochemical analysis to verify presence of some secondary metabolites products by the plant sample. Methods: Qualitative analysis was used in phytochemical testing and color, odor and miscibility testing, while Quantitative analysis was used in pH, boiling point and density of four (4) different types of extracts namely; Dried Leaves (DLE); Dried Fruit (DFE); Fresh Leaves (FLE); and Fresh Fruit (FFE) in determining the extracts’ physical and chemical properties. Results: Results showed that the color of most plant extracts ranges from brown to dark brownish-green, strong odor, a density range from 0.77 to 0.87 g/cc. All extracts are basic and a boiling point range of 92.7 to 102.7 OC. Moreover, all extracts are soluble to polar solvents, but insoluble to non-polar solvent. Phytochemical screening found out that alkaloid is present only on the fruit extract; saponin, steroid, and terpenoid are found to be positive, while tannin was found negative in all extracts. Flavonoid is present in FFE while glycoside is present only on Dried Fruit Extract (DFE). Improvements: It is hereby suggested that a quantitative analysis be carried out on the present secondary metabolites to determine if there is a new type of naturally-occurring compound present in the fruits or leaves of the Pandanus species and perform phytochemical analysis to other parts of the plant such as roots, bark, trunk, etc. Keywords: Extracts Phytochemical Analysis, Pandanus, Secondary Metabolites
Highlights
In the recent years, plant-derived substances have been a center of interest for most researchers and scientists because of its diverse applications in the many fields of science more especially in medicine and pharmaceuticals
This study determined the percent yield of extract of the Pandanus sp.; determined the physical properties of the leaves and fruit extract of the Pandanus species in terms of: (a) boiling point, (b) color, (c) density, (d) solubility/miscibility, (e) odor, and (f) pH; and lastly, this study determined the difference in the presence of secondary metabolites in the fruit and leaves, and in terms of being fresh and dried
It can be observed from the data above that all the plant samples have higher than 50% percent yield which indicates that the Pandanus species found in Ando island has more extracts that can be obtained using methanol
Summary
Plant-derived substances have been a center of interest for most researchers and scientists because of its diverse applications in the many fields of science more especially in medicine and pharmaceuticals. The first step for determining the kind and how it will be used of plant substances is to test for its phytochemical components or secondary metabolites. Plant secondary metabolites are substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism other than photosynthesis. This process produces diverse amounts of specialized compounds which has a minimum impact on the growth and development of the plant itself, but these compounds are needed for the survival in different forms of environment. Most floras confer different concentrations and presence of secondary metabolites when they thrive in a different environment
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